Urufatiro rw'ibanze rwo kwinjizwa mu mashanyarazi na electronagnets yateguwe na michael Faraday na fiziki mu 1831, hanyuma yubaka disiki ya Faraday, ari imwe mu materaniro ya mbere. Nyuma yibyo, amashanyarazi yahoraga atera imbere mugihe kimwe cya kabiri. Ibisigisiga bya Asynchrous na Synonchrous, kimwe na bitatu, nta kigo cyinzogera kandi nacyo cyaremwe. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko bwose?
Amashanyarazi
Mu buryo butandukanye, amashanyarazi akozwe hamwe no guhura na inshuro yo kuzenguruka stat na rotor. Imbaraga zamashanyarazi cyangwa emf iremwa mugihe umurima wakozwe ninkingi ya rukuruzi ya rotor yambukiranya gutangira. Muri generator nkaya, rotor ni magnet ihoraho cyangwa electromagnet ifite umubare munini winkingi ebyiri. Role ebyiri Role, ifite umuvuduko uhindagurika ya 3000 rpm, no mu mashanyarazi, kandi mu mashanyarazi atera amashanyarazi mu isaha, kuzunguruka ku isaha, rotor izunguruka hamwe na 1500 rpm.
Nyuma yo gutangira generator ya synchrous, rotor ikora umurima wintege nkeya, ariko buhoro buhoro umubare wa revolutions zayo ziyongera kandi emf yiyongera. Kubisohoka, gushikama kwa voltage bigenzurwa ukoresheje igice cyo guhindura byikora (avr), gihindura umurima wa rukuruzi mugihe cyo gutembera kuri rotor uva mu myigaragambyo. Mugihe ibikorwa bya sports, "inanga" bishobora kubaho, ni ukuvuga, mugihe umutwaro wa Inductive ukora, generator irangiye, voltage igwa kandi igwa. Kandi mugihe mugihe umutwaro wa Camputique utangwa, uko binyuranye, generator irakwiriye kandi voltage irakura.
Inyungu zamabato rwinjyana nigikoresho gihamye kubisohoka, ariko ingaruka zabo ni impengamiro yo kurenza urugero, ni ukurenga, ikiriho mu ruzinduko gigenda cyiyongera cyane na avr igice.
Generator ya Synchroous ishoboye gutanga muri make kumurongo utanga ikigezweho gishobora kurenza agaciro kanini inshuro nyinshi. Kuva ibikoresho bimwe byamashanyarazi birimo moteri yamashanyarazi, ibisabwa, pompe nabandi bamwe, kandi bafite imitwaro myiza yo gutangira, kandi bafite umutwaro mwiza wibisobanuro byingenzi kandi byibitswe bizaba bisimburana.
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Amashanyarazi ya Asynchronous
Guhindura rotor mubibazo nkibi imbere yikibanza cya magnetiki, cyakozwe na stator. Amashanyarazi nkaya arimo rotor ufite ubwoko bubiri bwumuzungu - bigufi kandi nicyiciro. Muri generator idahwitse, ihame ryo gukora rimeze neza nko mu bisanzuye ya analogiyo - umuzimu atanga umurima wa rukuruzi ku muvuduko w'abafasha, hanyuma wanduza kuri rotor na Forte ku bapadiri bahindura emf. Ariko itandukaniro riri mubyukuri ko inshuro umurima wa magneti uzunguruka udahindutse, ni ukuvuga, guhinduka kwayo ntabwo byemewe. Niyo mpamvu inshuro zumuyaga, zikorwa na alcool, hamwe na voltage, gira ihuriro ritaziguye na rotor revolisiyo zihamye za moteri yamashanyarazi.
Abasimbuye cyane basimbuye cyane ibikorwa bivuye hanze kandi barushijeho kumva imirongo migufi, kugirango bameze neza imashini zishyuha. Izi mana kandi zibereye neza ibikoresho byo gusimbuza bifite umutwaro wa ohite (ukora), uhinduka hafi ya bose wabihawe, kugirango ukore - Mudasobwa, Amatara, Ibikota, Ibiti, nibindi
Umutwaro muremure (guhera), ubaho iyo ufunguye, kurugero, ibikoresho, bimara isegonda, ariko amashanyarazi agomba kubihangana. Kandi ibi nibyo - Dutekereza ko ukeneye kwimura igare riremereye, bishyirwa hejuru ya horizontal. Kugirango twimuke trolley, birakenewe kugirango dushyireho imbaraga nyinshi, bikenewe kugirango dukomeze kugenda. Nibihe bimwe bibaho mugihe compressor ya firigo yatangijwe cyangwa kugabanywa-sisitemu, moteri yamashanyarazi hamwe na pompe iyo ari yo yose rero, generator y'amashanyarazi gusa irashobora guhangana nayo.
Imizigo ishakisha muri Grid yo hagati yishyurwa hamwe na choke cyangwa ubushobozi, ndetse no gukoresha igice cyiyongereye cyane yinsinga z'amashanyarazi n'abahindurwa.
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Umusimbuye udasanzwe afite igisubizo gikomeye - kuva kutabasha kwihanganira imitwaro yiyongereye. Ariko, nubwo bimeze, biroroshye gushushanya no bihendutse kuruta guhuza ibisaloge. Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi afite igishushanyo gifunze, gishobora kubaha uburinzi bwiza kubushuhe nubujura.
Icyiciro bitatu hamwe na generator imwe
Abantu bamwe bemeza ko genderator imwe y'amashanyarazi ari mbi kuruta icyiciro cya gatatu. Logique y'abatumva amashanyarazi biroroshye kubyumva - icyiciro kimwe kiri munsi ya bitatu, kubwibyo nabi. Mubyukuri, hitamo hagati yububasha butatu na phase-imwe bigomba gushingira kubikenewe byabakoresha amaherezo.Amashanyarazi y'amashanyarazi afite ibyiciro bitatu ntabwo akenewe kugirango agaburire amatsinda atatu y'abaguzi b'icyiciro kimwe, kandi kugirango agaburira ibikoresho bitatu.
Bibaho ko imiterere yicyiciro cyicyiciro bitatu munzu ikorwa ku matsinda y'icyiciro kimwe, ariko ni byiza ko bidafasha, ahubwo ni ibishoboka byose, kuko kuri ibi ukeneye kurengera bihenze cyane na sisitemu y'ingufu, no kwishyiriraho bihenze cyane. Hafi y'ibikoresho byose bigezweho byo murugo ni icyiciro kimwe, kandi icyiciro cya gatatu cyari icyiciro cya kera cya moteri namashanyarazi.
Ibyiciro bitatu byamashanyarazi bifite ibyago bimwe byingenzi - hamwe nububasha bwagasimburwa, kurugero, 10, imbaraga za buri cyiciro zizaba 3.3 kw. Mu byiciro, igihe ntarengwa gishoboka cyumutwaro wububasha ntigishobora kurenga 25% byizina, ari 1/3 byimbaraga zose zamasa. Ukurikije iki kibazo, generator imwe ifite imbaraga za 4 4.5 zizarushaho gukomera kuruta icyiciro cyicyiciro cya gatatu kuri 10 kw.
Generator
Umusimbura udafite inverteur afite ishami rishinzwe kugenzura elegitoronike rishobora kwemeza umusaruro w'amashanyarazi meza, hamwe no kubura ibitonyanga bya voltage. Abasimbuye bahindagurika ni beza kugirango babone imirire yabaguzi bakeneye gusa muri voltage yizina.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ihindagurika kumusimburana kandi ikora kandi ikora mu ntambwe eshatu: itanga voltage ifite inshuro 20 hz; Noneho ikora ikigezweho cya 12 v; Ibindi, ikigezweho gihindukiwe ku izina rihinduka mfite inshuro 50 hz.
Inverter generator igabanijwemo ubwoko butatu bwo gusohoka voltage:
- Kuri moderi zihendutse, imbaraga zurukirambe zirangwa. Moderi nkiyi irashobora kugaburira gusa ibikoresho byo kubaka. Ubu bwoko bwinzoga butagurishijwe, kuko ifite ibyamamare bike namahirwe make.
- Abakozi b'ikigereranyo cy'ibiciro barashobora gutanga imbaraga za trapezodal. Ibi bibafasha kugaburira imbaraga zurugo zitoroshye, nka firigo. Ariko kubwikoranabuhanga ryinshi, voltage nziza akenshi ntizihagije.
- Hamwe na siniludedal impulse, ibintu byiza kubikorwa byibikoresho byose byashyizweho - kuva byoroshye kubantu biragoye cyane. Voltage ya SinisoiDal yarangaye neza kandi yujuje neza ibipimo byose byamashanyarazi, bitanga imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi yo hagati. Igiciro cyibihe ni hejuru cyane kurenza ubwo bwoko bubiri.
Ingingo ku ngingo: Gushushanya ibisenge by Plastobonary n'amaboko yabo (Ifoto na Video)
Ibyiza byabagenzi baheruye:
- uburemere buke nubunini, niba ugereranije nibibazo byoroshye byimbaraga zimwe;
- Urusaku ruto mugihe cyo gukora, rugerwaho kuberako ko umuvuduko wa rotor uhinduka;
- Ibyokurya bito cyane, bigerwaho no kugenzura ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byigisekuru cyamashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi atanga imbaraga nyinshi zisabwa kubaguzi bose, kandi imikorere yayo igabanuka cyangwa yiyongera igabanuka rikwiye cyangwa ubwiyongere bwumubare wabaguzi;
- Kubera ko bashingiye ku buryo butandukanye, imbohe zirashobora gutanga muri make ibikoresho byihuta byingufu. Mubyongeyeho, muburyo bumwe bwibihe byimbere hariya "uburyo burenze", aho inverter ishobora kubyara imbaraga kuri 50% kuruta izina. Ariko ubu buryo burashobora gukora hafi iminota 20-30;
- Gukora neza kunanirwa - amasaha agera kuri 3.
Ibibi:
- Imikorere ntarengwa ikomeza ni amasaha 8;
- Gira igiciro cyo hejuru ugereranije nibijyanye no kutagira inverter yimbaraga zimwe;
- Igice cyo kugenzura elegitoronike cyumvikana rwose, kandi gusana byacyo bihenze cyane;
- Imbaraga ntarengwa mubibazo byubu bwoko ni 7.2 kw, kandi nta moderi ifite imbaraga nyinshi.
UMWANZURO
Ubwoko bwose bwavuzwe haruguru, usibye inverter, burashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gucika intege gusa bwabaguzi bafite amashanyarazi, ariko nanone sisitemu nini ibase itanga amashanyarazi.