Basic Base yekuisa iyo inogadzira magetsi neElectromagns yakagadzirwa neBritish muedzo uye Physicist Michael Faraady Faray Fareday Farayd. Mushure meizvozvo, vajeri veMagetsi vaigara vachivandudzwa mukati mehafu nehafu. Asynchronous uye synchronous alternators, imwe uye matatu-chikamu, pasina kudzora kwemukati uye pamwe chete nawo zvakasikwa. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemhando dzese idzi?
Synchronous Jenarators
Muchiwirirani alternchorono, magetsi anoitwa nekubatana kwehuwandu hwekutenderera kwemufananidzo uye mutambi. Simba reExtromotive kana EMF rakagadzirwa kana munda wakaumbwa nemagineti matanda eRotor anoyambuka mhepo yekutanga. Mune jenareta yakadaro, rotor ingangoita gadziriro yechigarire kana yemagetsi emagetsi ine huwandu hwematanda mazhinji maviri. A maviri-pole rotor, iyo ine kumhanya kwekutenderera kwe3000 rpm, yakaiswa mumabhureki veBetator, uye muVenerators huru inoburitsa magetsi kutenderedza wachi, iyo rotor inotenderera neye frequency ye1500 rpm.
Mushure mekutanga iyo synchronous jenareta, iyo rotor inoumba nzvimbo isina kusimba yemagineti, asi zvishoma nezvishoma huwandu hwenzvimbo dzayo hunowedzera uye emf inowedzera. Pakubuda, kugadzikana kweiyo vhoti kunodzorwa uchishandisa otomatiki yekugadzirisa chikamu (Avr), iyo inoshandura munda wemagineti panguva yekuyerera kweTortor kubva kuKutenderera kubva kuChiitiko. Paunenge uchishanda ma synchronous generators, "anchor kuita" anogona kuitika, kureva kuti, kana mutoro unonyanya kuitwa, jenareta iri kudheya uye voltage kudonha. Uye mune nyaya kana mutoro wezvekutakura uchipiwa, pane zvinopesana, jenareta zvakakodzera uye voltage inokura.
Mukana wesckronous generagiro yakagadzikana pakubuda, asi zvakaipa zvavo ndeyekudzikisira, izvo zvinokwanisika kana mitoro yacho iri mumhepo inotenderera yakanyanya kukwidziridzwa neAVR unit.
Iyo Synchronous Jenarge inokwanisa kuburitsa muchidimbu kuburitsa pachena kuti ichipfuudza iyo inogona kusarudzika kukosha kakawanda. Sezvo mamwe magetsi emagetsi anosanganisira motors emagetsi, ma comms, mapapu uye mamwe ekutanga kutanga zviripo, uye vane mutoro wakawedzera pane network, iyo yakanyanya kunaka yeiyo huru uye yekudyira ndiyo yekudyira ichangove dzimwe nzira.
Chinyorwa pane iyo nyaya: Kuiswa kweMDF mapanera pane iyo ceiling ne kleimers
Asynchronous jenareta
Kutenderera kweTortor mune vakadaro jenaratory kumberi kweshanduro yemagineti yemagineti, iyo yakagadzirwa nemutambi. Magetsi emagetsi akadai anosanganisira maRotors aine marudzi maviri emhepo - pfupi-inotenderedzwa uye chikamu. Mune genynchoronous jenareta, musimboti wakangofanana neyakafanana neyakafanana nemhepo, iyo inobva yatumirwa neyekutenderera uye mafomu pane iyo inovhuvhuta yeEMF. Asi musiyano unoreva chokwadi kuti kuwanda uko iyo magineti anotenderera anofamba asina kuchinjika, ndiko kuti, gadziriso yayo haina basa. Ndokusaka magetsi emagetsi aripo, iyo inogadzirwa neiyo alternator, uye voltage zvakananga neyekutenderera kweRotor, iyo inotsamira pakugadziriswa kwemotokari yeiyo yemagetsi jenareta.
Alynchronous alternators ine dziviriro yakakwirira kubva pane izvo kubva kunze uye idiki-diki-inotarisisa kumatunhu mapfupi, kuitira kuti vakanyanya kumishinheni yeWelding. Idzi jenji dzakanyatsogadzirirwa zvishandiso zvekutsiva zvine chekuita neOhic (anoshanda) mutoro wezvese, zvinoshandurwa kubva kune ese magetsi, kushanda - makomputa, makomputa, kireni, mahedheni, nezvimwe.
Yakanyanya kuderera (kutanga) mutoro, inoitika kana ichinge yaverengerwa, semuenzaniso, michina yekupomba, inogara pamusoro pechipiri, asi genereta yemagetsi inofanira kumira nayo. Uye izvi ndizvo - tinofungidzira kuti iwe unofanirwa kufambisa ngoro inorema, iyo yakaiswa pane yakatwasuka. Kuti ufambise trolley, zvakakosha kuti uite zvakanyanya kushanda, izvo zvinodiwa kuitira kuti urambe uchifamba. Ndiwo mamiriro akafanana anoitika apo iyo Firiji compressor yaunza kana kupatsanurwa-masisitimu, motors motors uye chero mapapu emagetsi emagetsi anogona kutsungirira.
Mitoro yekunetseka iri muCentral Simba Grid inobhadharwa nemakona kana capacitors, pamwe nekushandisa yakanyanya kuwedzera chikamu chemuchinjiko wematanda emagetsi uye vashanduri.
Chinyorwa pane iyo nyaya: Iyo svutugadzike itai iwe pachako: Maitiro ekugadzirira lags uye kuisa mapuranga?
Iyo asynchronous alternator ine yakakosha dhizaini - kubva kusingakwanisi kumisikidza yakawedzera yakawanda. Asi, kunyangwe izvi, zviri nyore kugadzira uye zvakachipa pane synchronous analog. Mukuwedzera, asynchronous emagetsi genera vane dhizaini yakavharwa, iyo inokwanisa kuvapa iyo yakanakisa kuchengetedzwa kubva mukunyorova uye kusvibiswa kwekunze.
Nhatu chikamu uye imwe-phase jenareta
Vamwe vanhu vane chokwadi chekuti jenareti imwe yemagetsi yakaipa kupfuura matatu-chikamu. Pfungwa yevaya vasinganzwisise magetsi zviri nyore kunzwisisa - chikamu chimwe chakaderera pane vatatu, saka zvakatonyanya. Muchokwadi, sarudza pakati pezvikamu zvitatu- uye imwe-chikamu-chikamu simba chinofanira kuve chakavakirwa pane zvinodiwa nevashandisi vekupedzisira.Magetsi enzenji ane zvikamu zvitatu hazvidikanwe kuti uwedzere mapoka matatu evatengi vasina-chikamu, uye kuti afudze zvinhu zvitatu-zvikamu.
Zvinoitika kuti chimiro chezvikamu zvitatu-chikamu mumba zvinoitwa pamapoka ematanho emugodhi, asi zvinobatsira kuti urege kuita kuti udzivirirwe nesimba remagetsi, uye kuisirwa kwaro inodhura zvakanyanya. Anenge ese emazuva ano emidziyo yemidziyo imwe chete-chikamu, uye matatu-chikamu maive nemhando dzechinyakare dzemutori emagetsi uye zvivakwa zvemagetsi.
Matatu--phase emagetsi motors ane imwe yakakosha kusagadzikana - nesimba reiyo alternator, semuenzaniso, 10 kW, simba rechikamu chimwe nechimwe: Pakati pezvikamu, zvakanakisa zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa kweiyo simba remagetsi inogona kusapfuura makumi maviri neshanu muzana yeiyo zita, iyo iri 1/3 yeiyo yakazara jenarator Simba. Zvichienderana neichi, imwe-chikamu-chikamu chejenareta ine simba re4,5 kwachave nesimba kupfuura matatu-phase jenareta by 10 kW.
Inverter jenareta
Iyo inverter alternter ine iyo yemagetsi yekudzora chikamu iyo inokwanisa kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro magetsi, nekushayikwa kwe chero madonhwe madonhwe. Inverter imwe nzira yakanaka kwazvo kune hutano hwevatengi vakadaro vanoda chete muzvinyorwa zvechokwadi.
Iyo Inverter Control System yeSynchronous Alternator inosimbiswa uye zviito mumatanho matatu: inoburitsa voltage ne frequency ye20 hz; Ipapo inoumba chisingaperi chazvino chegumi nemaviri v; Kupfuurirazve, iyo yakananga ikozvino inoshandurwa kune iyo inoshanduka nemusoro unoshanduka kuva neye frequency ye50 Hz.
Inverter generator yakakamurwa kuita matatu marudzi esvuketi yekubuditsa voltage:
- Kune mhando dzakachipa, rectangular depetus inoratidzwa. Mhando dzakadaro dzinogona kungopa chikafu chivakwa chesimba zvishandiso. Urwu rudzi rwevavengi runenge rwunotengeswa, sezvo rwunokurumbira uye mikana ishoma kwazvo.
- Iwo majenji emuvhareji mutengo nzvimbo anogona kupa trapezoidal kusimuka. Izvi zvinovatendera kuti vadye panzvimbo yakaoma yemidziyo yemumba, dzakadai sefiriji. Asi kune tekinoroji inonaka kwazvo, mhando dzakadaro voltage kazhinji haina kukwana.
- Nechinyadzo sinusoidal, mamiriro akanakisa ebasa remidziyo chero ipi zvayo zvakasikwa - kubva pane zvakanyanyisa kune zvakanyanya kuoma. Iyo sinusoidal voltage ine maitiro akagadzikana uye anoenderana nenzira kwayo neese ma paramende emagetsi, ayo anopiwa neCentral magetsi network. Mutengo wevashandi vakadaro zvakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura iwo emamwe marudzi maviri.
Chinyorwa pane iyo nyaya: Kushongedza kweCeilings nePlasterboard nemaoko avo (mufananidzo uye vhidhiyo)
Zvakanakira zvevakomberrer jenareta:
- Zvikuru zvidiki zvidiki uye zvidiki, kana zvichienzaniswa nevakareruka vajenji simba rimwe chete;
- Ruzha rudiki panguva yekushanda, iyo inowanikwa nekuda kwekuti iyo rotor yekumhanyisa kuchinja;
- Diki kwazvo mafuta emafuta, iyo inowanikwa neyemagetsi kutonga kwemagetsi magetsi maitiro. Iyo jenareta inoburitsa huwandu hwesimba rakawanda ruri rinodiwa kune vese vatengi, uye kuita kwayo kunoderera kana kuwedzera nekuderera kwakakodzera kana kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevatengi;
- Sezvo ivo vakavakirwa pamusangano wezinoshanda, vasingagoneke vanogona kupfupisa mari yakakwira-simba. Pamusoro pezvo, mune mamwe mimwe mhando yevairatidziro denarati pane "Yepamusoro Mode" basa, umo iyo inverter inogona kuburitsa simba ne50% kupfuura iyo zita. Asi maitiro aya anogona kuita anenge maminitsi 20-30;
- Zvakanaka kushanda pakutadza - anenge zviuru zvitatu maawa.
Zvinokuvadza:
- Iyo yekureba kuenderera mberi kushanda kwemaawa masere;
- vane mutengo wepamusoro uchienzaniswa neasina-inverter analogues yesimba rimwe chete;
- Iyo yemagetsi yekudzora yuniti inonyatsonzwa, uye kugadzirisa kwayo kwakadhura;
- Simba rakanyanya mujenji rerudzi urwu nderwe 7. 1 KW, uye hapana mhando ine simba rakawanda.
Mhedziso
Mhando dzese dziri pamusoro dzevaGenors, kunze kwekunyika, inogona kushandiswa kwete chete mune yakadzika-simba vatengi mitezo yesimba zvidyarwa, asiwo muGreator masystem anogadzira magetsi megawatts.