Phekolo e litšila ea metsi, e kenyelletsa mohato oa ho feta setulong limela tsa kalafo ea lehae le naheng e kholo. Leqheka la metsi le hloekisa metsi ho tloha ho li-sulonger tse kholo tse kentsoeng ka tlase, tse boima ho feta metsi. Empa ho ka ba le diporoto tse bobebe ho feta metsi mme ha li pepesee ho ruruha? Ho na le mokhoa oa ho abeha le libaka tse tsamaisoang joalo, tse bitsoang flotation.
Ho hloekisoa ha ho pharalla ho sebelisoa e le e 'ngoe ea mehato ea ho tšoarolla litšila tse joalo.
Bala ho eketsehileng ka ho fofa
Flotation ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang ho hloekisa metsi a litšila. Ka sebele lentsoe "flotation" (Eng. Flotation) e fetolela joalo ka "Ho sesa holim 'a metsi" , ka hona, ho hopotsa lentsoe ka sekepe. Empa haeba re bua ka ho hloekisa ka ho hlaka, sepheo sa eona ke ho qobella bokaholimo le lintho tse ling linthong tse ling tse nang le metsi a koahelang 'me ha a khone ho lula.Bofelong ba metsi, liketso tse sa tsitsang tse sa tsitsang li phaphametse, li-colloid li emisoa le litlolo tse ling tse sa luleng. Ho fofa ho sebelisoa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila ho li-surfactats, mafura, liliba tsa sefahleho le IL e emisitsoeng. Hape, ts'ebetso ea lipalesa ho latela mofuta oa karohano ea foam e khona ho tlosa lintho tse ling tse felisitsoeng ka metsing.
Melao ea Florence le ea lik'hemik'hale
Sebopeho sa ho hlatsoa ha ho hloekisa ho na le mekhoa e rarahaneng ea li-haccos. E nahanela mohopolo oa ho robala, ke hore, bokhoni ba lintho tse itseng ho kolobile. Bokhoni bona bo khetholla ho etsa metsoako ena moeling oa karohano ea karolo ea phaosi ea mokelikeli le khase. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea lintho:
- Hydrophilic - e tšoauoa ka bokhoni bo botle ba ho koloba;
- Hydrophobic - Rictered.
Ho ipapisitse le hore na mofuta ofe oa mofuta ona o tlositsoe hantle ka ho sebelisoa ho hloekisoa kapa, ho fapana le moo, ha a nahanele ho tsitsipano ka tsela ena.
Mehato ea Flotation
Ts'ebetso ea ho phaphamala ha e fuoe kutloisiso, e ka ba teng Hlalosa ka tsela e latelang:
Ka metsing a hloekisitsoeng ho fanoa ka moea o hahuoeng;
- Likopi tsa hydrophobic li ile tsa potlakela li-bubble tsa moea;
- Butle-butle e fokotseha 'me e roba sethala sa metsi, se arolang likaroloana tsa hydrophobic le li-bubble tsa moea. Sena se hlalosoa ke hore matla a hohela limolek'hule tsa metsi ho e mong ho e mong ho tse ling lipakeng tsa metsi le likaroloana tsena;
- Tsela e rarahaneng ea li-bubbles tsa moea le likaroloana tsa hydrophobic, li thehiloe bohobe, bo tšoanang le foam;
- Phapang ena e rarahaneng holim'a metsi a litšila, kaha ho bonolo bakeng sa tsamaiso ea limela eo e leng teng.
Ka lebaka leo, ho thehiloe ntho ea foam ho thehoa holim'a metsi. Foam e hlahisitsoeng e tlosoa ke sesebelisoa se ikhethileng - ena ke sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sa fluid kapa sela hloko.
Katleho ea ts'ebetso ea ho phaphamala
Tseo kapa mabaka a mang a ka fokotsa kapa a eketsa katleho ea ho phatloha ka mokhoa o hlakileng joaloka mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi a senyehileng. Tšusumetso ea Bohlokoa ka ho Fetisisa Lintlha tse fanoeng ka tlase:
Tekanyo ea hydrophobicity ea likaroloana. Ha e le hantle hydrophobicity ea likaroloana tsa ntho, e kenang ka mafolofolo ho sebelisa li-bubble tsa moea, li theha meaho ea bohlokoa ea sefofane. Ho hlakile hore hase litlolo tsohle tsohle tse hydrophobic, ho na le hydrophilic likarolo tsa hydrophilic. Mme ba bang ba na le sebopeho se peli, se nang le li-hydrophobic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic le hydrophilic Ho eketsa hydrophobiabity e silafatsa metsi, litlatsetso tse khethehileng tsa lipalesa kapa litlatsetso li eketsoa ho eona;
- Boholo le matla a li-bubble tsa foam. Ts'ebetso ea lipalesa e lokela ho theha likhoko tsa moea tsa boholo hore li phahamise holimo ho metsi. Empa li-bubble tse kholo li tla hlaha esale pele, ntle le ho ba le nako ea ho hapa lintho tse lekaneng tsa botsofe. Ntle le moo, likubu tsena li lokela ho tšoarella, ho ba le liperesente tse fokolang tse lokelang ho ba le peo ea timetso;
- Li-junifomo free. Ntho ea bohlokoa ka katleho ea ho pharalla ke eona ka ho tsamaisoa ha li-bubble tsa moea ka metsing le palo ea tsona kaofela.
Lintlha tsena li ka ama Ka thuso ea Reagents tse Khethehileng Seo se tla hlalosoa ka tlase.
Reagents ho ntlafatsa ho pharana
Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe kaholimo, ho phatloha ho latela boleng ba bofokoli le hydrophobical ea likaroloana. Ho na le litlatsetso tse khethehileng tse reriloeng ho ntlafatsa boleng ba foam le ho eketsa litšila tsa bohloeki. Reagents e ka aroloa likarolo tse peli tse kholo:- Babokelli;
- Basebeletsi ba bofolang.
Babonyi ba Buta
Mofuta o atileng ka ho fetisisa oa tšibollo o na le litšoaneleho tse peli tse nang le litšoaneleho tse peli tse nang le hydrophobic le karolo ea lihlopha tsa hydrophilic. Bokhoni ba bona ba ho koloba ha bo natelletsoa ho tlamahana le li-bubble tsa moea, kahoo ho theoa ha se na thuso. Ho rarolla bothata bona, li-Boathe tse bitsoang GAHT li eketsoa ho drain, e leng karolo e habeli e nang le lihlopha tsa hydrophilic (polar) le hydrophobic (. Lipheletso tsa polar hydrophilic lilallo tsa pollitant le bokelli li foufatsoa, 'me matšeliso a hydrophobic a lula a lokolohile.
Babokelli ba ntlafatse Footion Fetrude Surfactats:
- Mafura a ammonium;
- Lihlahisoa tsa Petroleum;
- Oli;
- Mercptona
Reagents ea li-agents tsa bofokoli
Boleng ba kotlo e bapala karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ka katleho ea bofokoli. Ho na le sehlopha sa li-oketishene tse reriloeng ho ntlafatsa ho fofa. Ba sireletsa moea oa moea timetsong, ba ba etsa hampe 'me ba tsitsisang ho tsitsiseng boima ba feme. Sena se etsa hore re khone ho tlosa tšilafalo e mengata ho tsoa metsing a litšila a metsi. Litefiso tse joalo tsa bofokoli ke:
- Phaene ea pine;
- Cressol;
- Li-Phenmony le lintho tse ling tse ngata
Mefuta ea Khomaretso ea Flotar ea Metsi a Senngoa
Ts'ebetso ea ho fofa e hlalosoa hakhutšoanyane e le ho lieha ho senya metsi ka moea ka ho hasana ha eona. Ka mantsoe a mang, mosebetsi oa mantlha oa ho phatloha o na le tšollo ea bophara ba bophara bo batlang bo le boima ba metsi a litšila a senya. Hantle-ntle sena ha se sebetse ka tlase.
Khetho ea li-bubble tsa moea
Ho totobatsa likhoele tsa moea ka tharollo, ts'ebeliso Tobetsa le ho koala sekhahla sa vacuum . Khatello ea khatello ke ente ea moea, 'me ho fokotseha ha moea, ebe khatello e matla ea matla ha e le khatello ea tsamaiso ea likhohola ka mocheso oa metsi.
Vapuum ea phatlosa e batla e tšoana le khatello, empa e sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng. Mokhahlelo oa pele ke phallo ea metsi ka phapusing ea AeEation, moo e lokelang ho tlala moea. Kamora moo, e kena, moo moea o sa ejoli o tlosoang teng. Mohato oa ho qetela ke temana ea kamore ea ho phaphamalang, eo ho eona khatello e fokotsehang, e leng e bakang sebopeho se potlakileng sa li-bubble.
Ka mekhoa e joalo, e hlakotsoe ka katleho Likotsi tse Ntle.
Phetiso ea moea ka thepa e boima
Ena ke e 'ngoe ea litsela tse bonolo tse tsoang ntlheng ea pono ea fisiks ho fumana moea o hahiloeng ka mahlo. Pele e kena moeeng ho ea senya, e fetisoa ka thepa ka li-pores, tse kang lipolanete tse nang le li-sluts. Bophara ba li-bubble li laoloa ke boholo ba data.Ho Fingtance ea electrolys
Mokhoa ona o kenngoa ka ho beha li-elektrone tse peli moo hona joale e lumelloang hona joale. Nakong ea motlakase, metsi a pota-potiloe ho elektrone ho alaloa ka li-bubble tsa hydrogen le oksijene. Lintho tse sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa li-eleretrode: Aluminium le tšepe. Litloaelo tsena li totobalitsoe mekoallong ea metsi e tlamang ho emisoa le ho li fetola Ka ho tšoana ha li-flakes . Litlama tsena li hokahane le li-bubble tsa moea 'me li tsoele pele ho metsi a senyehileng ka mokhoa oa foam.
Ho nyahama
Ntle le ho etsoa ha li-bubble tsa moea ka metsing ka ho fetoha ha khatello, mekhoa ea tšebetso le eona e sebetsa. Bakeng sa sena, ho boetse ho na le mekhoa e 'maloa:
Ho kenngoa ha moea
Mass a se nang thuso a sebelisa turbine. Maemong ana, li-bubble li nyane, tse loketseng li bonts'a lihlahisoa le mafura a peterole. Lebelo la Turbine le u lumella hore u fetole boholo ba li-bubble - lebelo, bophara ba li-bubble li thehiloe;- Ho phatloha ha se nang mahala ho emela tšebeliso ea lebili le hokahaneng le pompo ea bongobo. Bubble e fumanoang ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ena, e kholo le e loketseng ho tlosa mafura, likaroloana tse kang, ka mohlala, boea;
- Ho Fofa ha Ponematic E etsoa ka ho tlala moea ka moea ka li-nozzles tsa lipeipi tse behiloeng ka tlase ho kamore. Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa ho hloekisa li-offluency tse ka senyang tse ka lematsang litlhophiso tsa flotational - e kereke le lebili.
Masene a mararo a thehoa ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea vortex, e susumetsang ka ho hlohlelletsa.
Phaphametsi - melemo le likotsi tsa mokhoa
Kajeno, phatloho ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa metsi a senyang a metsi. E boetse e sebelisoa lits'ebeletso tsa ho hloekisa indasteri le litoropong. Lebaka la sena ho sebeletsa lintlha tse ngata tse buang ka ho phaphama.
Melemo ea ho putlama ha lipalesa:
Litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa mokhoa oa ho hloekisa o sebelisitsoeng;
- Lisebelisoa tse bonolo;
- Mokhoa o joalo oa ho emisoa o potlakile ho feta lebelo la moputso oa bona ha o sireletsa;
- Karohano le metsi a litšila a silafetseng, ho kenyelletsa lihlahisoa tsa Petroleum;
- Ts'ebetsong ea ho phaphamalang, ho ntse ho lla ka litaba tse tlase tsa metsi (tahlehelo e nyane ea metsi).
Ehlile, joalo ka mokhoa o fe kapa o fe, ho phatloha ho amana le lintlha tse mpe.
Mathata a ho hloekisa ka holim'a "
- E tlosa hole le tšitiso eohle, kaha ts'ebetso ea eona e itšetlehile ka hore na hydrophobici ea ntho e joang;
- Hangata ho hlokahala hore re ka jara litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng tsa rehoecheng, e ntlafatsang boleng ba foam le ho ntlafatsa hydrophobicity ea litšila;
- Sebakeng se seng le se seng sa setlolo, o hloka tsela ea hau, ka hona ha ho na mokhoa oa bokahohleng ho tlosa lisekoe tsohle.
Phehisa ka ho phatloha
Ho sa tsotelehe melemo e kae, ha se kalafo e ikemetseng le ea ho qetela ea metsi a litšila. Ena ke e 'ngoe ea mekhahlelo ea mokhoa o rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa o u lumellang ho tlosa boholo ba lintho tse sa batleheng ka metsing. Ho hloekisa ho fofa ho u lumella ho boloka metsi ho lihlahisoa tsa peteroleum le lioli tse ke keng tsa tlosoa ka litsela tse ling, hammoho le likarolo tse matla tsa metsi a litšila. Ka tloaelo, bohloeki bo ntse bo sebelisoa kamora methati ea septic ho tlosa lintho tseo tse sa hlahiseng thepa.
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