Ngesikhathi sokwakha izindlu ezizimele, uphahla luvame ukwenza i-batch. Kunezizathu zalo. Owokuqala uthembekile. Amacala anezinkinga zomoya kanye neqhwa. Okwesibili kuyahambelana nanoma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa kophahla. Okwesithathu akubizi kakhulu. Okwesine kuyindlela elula okunzima ukwengenisa. Okwesihlanu - kubukeka kukukhafula. Konke lokhu, futhi iqiniso lokuthi uphahla olubopha kabili lwakhiwe ngezandla zabo ngaphandle kobukhona bolwazi olukhethekile, inquma ukuthandwa kwayo.
Uphahla oluqoqiwe oluqoqiwe lukulungele ukufakwa kophahla
Ukufakwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sophahla lweshidi oluncane
Njengoba ubonile ngenhla, kunezinhlelo eziningi ze-rafter. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, lapho eqophana nokwalo kukhona izici zawo, kepha ngokuvamile i-oda elifanayo. Kumele kushiwo ngesinyathelo sonke: ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambi kokomiswa nokhuni. Lesi sigaba siyadingeka uma uthenge izingodo ezintsha ze-sawn, futhi azimiswa.
Sebenzisa ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kophahla lwezinkuni ezingcolile zomswakama wemvelo kuzoholela ezinkingeni: imishayo izogijima, izohamba, iJiyomethri izoshintsha. Konke lokhu kuzoholela ekutheni kube nokuvela kwamaphoyinti okuxineka kanye nezimpawu ezincane kakhulu zokulayisha ngokweqile (iqhwa eliningi, umoya onamandla noma imvula) kuzoqala izinqubo ezingezinhle. Ukuqedwa kwabo umcimbi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi obizayo. Ngakho-ke, noma uthenge izinkuni ezomile (kungabi ngaphezu kwama-20%, ngokufanelekile egumbini lokusoma ngo-8-12%), noma uthenge izinto ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, zisonge zibe yizitaki ezingenamimoya. Ngemuva kokuphatha ukufakwa okudingekayo (kusuka kumonakalo esikhunta kanye nokunciphisa ukuthathwa komzimba) futhi kuphela sebenzisa uhlelo lokukhuphuka ekufakweni.
U-Timber udinga ukoma kuzitaki ezinomoya owanele. Ukuze benze lokhu, bavinjelwe ukusikeka okufushane kwamabhodi. Zifakwa emithanjeni evela emaphethelweni bese idlula ngemitha. Ngaphansi kokufaka phansi
Mayelana nezigaba zomhlangano omkhulu, mayelana nokuthi ungawenza kanjani uphahla olubili, sizokutshela kulesi sigaba.
Umantana
Umhlangano wohlelo olusheshayo wophahla olubopha kabili kusuka ekufakweni kwe-mauerlat sekuqala. Kufanele isethwe ngokuqinile, ngoba ngaphambi kokuqala ukufakwa, okuvundlile kodonga kuhlolwe ngokucophelela, okunamathiselwe kuwo, uma kunesidingo, kuqondaniswe ngodaka kasimende. Ungaqhubeka usebenze ngemuva kokuthi isixazululo sizokwehla ama-50% amandla.
Ngokuya ngohlelo, kungukulandelana kwe-150 * 150 mm noma ibhodi elinobukhulu obungu-50 * 150 mm. Kunamathiselwe emugqeni ophezulu wodonga Masonry. Uma indlu ingehlathi, indima yayo yenza umqhele ophezulu. Uma izindonga zakhiwa amabhlokhi wokwakha ukukhanya - ipenbeton noma ukhonkolo olwenziwe kahle nabanye - ukuqina kwabo akwanele ukusabalalisa kabusha umthwalo. Kulokhu, ngaphezulu komugqa wokugcina wama-masonry kwenza ibhande ekhonkolo eliqinisiwe, elifaka i-fastener engaguquki - ucingo noma ama-stud. Phezu kwabo ke izingodo noma ibhodi ligculisekile.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukuphepha komlilo endlini
I-Mauerlat ekhuphukayo kuma-Studs
Izindlela ze-Wall Ligament kanye neMauerlata eziningana:
- Kuma-masonry (kukhonkolo oqinisiwe), ucingo oluxakile lokugoqa ububanzi obukhulu buhleliwe (amatalana amabili okugcina). Ibhodi lisenziwa ezindaweni ezidingekayo zomgodi lapho ucingo lukwenza. Ivula futhi igobe.
- Odongeni, izikopelo zivaliwe ngokungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-12 mm. Ngaphansi kwabo eMauerlat, izimbobo zibekwa ebhodini / ebhodini) bese ziqinisa namantongomane anabagelela abakhulu.
- Ukuhambisana nokhuni noma iBhodi eceleni komphetho wangaphandle noma wangaphakathi kodonga, thatha umngcele onobubanzi obungu-12 mm wenze izimbobo ze-anchor bolts. I-tuender yabo (yobubanzi obufanayo ingu-12 mm) Clog ngaphezulu kwesigqoko, bese uqinisa ukhiye.
Ibanga eliphakathi kwezikopelo (ucingo) akufanele libe ngaphezu kwama-120 cm. Odongeni (ibhande) ngaphansi kwe-mauerlat, ukusika amanzi kungavunyelwe. Lokhu kungenzeka kube ngezendlalelo ezimbili ze-backruroid e-backrueroid noma i-hydroisol, ungaphakamisa ngeBitumen Mastic.
Ukufaka isikhathi
Izinhlobo zama-rafting amasistimu wophahla lwe-duct akayona inqwaba. Okokuqala, udinga ukukhetha ukuthi kuzobukeka kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze usebenze kwakulula, kwenziwa ngezifanekiso zamabhodi amancanyana kuzo zonke izimoto, imibimbi neminye imininingwane efanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungadingeka ukuthi uqoqe ukwakheka kokuqala ophahleni, bese ulungele ukwenza izifanekiso.
Qoqa amapulazi owenziwe ngomumo bese ukhulisa ophahleni
Ukuhleleka komhlangano kuncike ohlotsheni lohlelo lwe-rafter. Uma izinguquko ezivunayo, zifakwe kancane kancane, ziqoqa ezintweni ngqo ophahleni. Kulokhu, kulula uma imishayo yophahla ophahleni lugcwele futhi, uma kungenzeka, i-attic noma i-attic noma i-attic.
Kuzinhlelo ezinama-rafters alenga emhlabeni, ipulazi liyahamba - unxantathu oqediwe wokuqinisa kanye nemilenze evuthayo nazo zonke izikhonkwane ezifiselekayo, ama-racks. Inani elidingekayo lamapulazi liqoqwa ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwalokho bazikhulisa ophahleni, babukhombisa ngokuqondile futhi banamathele ku-mauerlat.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulula - emhlabeni kulula ukusebenza, ngokunemba kwejubane lomhlangano omkhulu kuphezulu: Ipulazi elilodwa alihluke kakhulu komunye, elenza lula inqubo. Kepha ukukhulisa amapulazi owenziwe ngomumo kunzima, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezinkulu. Ukwenza kube lula ukukwenza, setha amabhodi amabili athambekele, okuphele okusele emhlabathini, kanti owesibili unamathela kancane odongeni. Amapulazi asondeza eduze kwalokhu "Phakamisa", okufakwe phansi phansi, bopha izintambo bese uqinisa emabhodini ophahleni. Uma kungekho i-winch noma i-crane, le yindlela eyamukelekayo kakhulu.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Sigcwalisa kanjani ngqo phansi ngokhonkolo endlini noma efulethini wena (ividiyo)
Umhlangano we-rafter udinga ulwazi oluthile: njengokuthi uzobakhuza kanjani, indlela yokufaka futhi yenze isibhamu. Umhlangano wenye yezinhlelo nogogo, bheka ividiyo.
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa uhlelo lwe-rafter
- Kubonise ukwakheka kwamapulazi okwedlulele. Ziqondaniswe futhi zivikelwe izitobha zesikhashana. Ungadinga futhi ukubopha okwesikhashana, abethele odongeni lwendlu: Yondla ibhodi elinamathela phezu kwezindonga. Ungabushelela ipulazi lokuqala kulo (ngaphandle kwalokhu odongeni ubushelelezi). Ihlangene ngakolunye uhlangothi ngama-struts okwesikhashana, akuhambelani noma kuphi.
Ungakubeka kanjani uhlelo lwe-rafter
- Okulandelayo, i-twine yeluliwe phakathi kwamapulazi angejwayelekile afakiwe. Kwenzeka ngezinga le-skate nakuzo zombili izinhlangothi ezingezansi - ekugcineni kwemilenze esibulalayo. I-twine eyeluliwe ihlolwe kuvundlile - faka izinga lokwakha elihle. Uma kunokuphambuka, futhi amapulazi akhonjiswa ngokuqondile, kuzofanela uqondise imilenze ye-rafter kwenye yazo. Kwesinye isikhathi lapho kuphambuka enjeni ye-skate kuzama ukulungisa ukuphambuka kuthambisa ipulazi. Kepha akunakwenzeka ukwenza lokhu: "Ngigwinya" lonke uhlelo.
Phakathi kwamapulazi avelele aveziwe, i-twine ifakwe ngentshiseko ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kwejometry
- Amapulazi adalulwe ngokweqile ahlelwe eMauerlat. Izindlela zokubumba zincike ohlotsheni lohlelo olukhethiwe futhi zingashelela noma cha. Izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-rafter zophahla lwethoni olumbaxambili kanye nezindawo zokunamathiselwe zezinyawo ze-rafter to mauerlat kanye ne-skate Bruus Kuhlelwe kule ndatshana.
- Amapulazi alandelayo afakwa, agxile entleweni eyeluliwe. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukuthumela ku-maueerlate Isinyathelo sokusetha esifunekayo se-rafter, hlola ukuthi umaki uyiqiniso futhi kuphela bese uqala ukukhuphuka nokuhlelwa kwamapulazi. Ngakho-ke ukuthi enqubweni yokwakha angebiki phansi ama-raftis afakiwe, anamathele komunye nolunye uhlangothi lwesikhashana, abeke ama-struts kanye nesembozo. Bahlungwa ngemuva kokuthi isibani sigxishwe.
- Uhlelo olubonisiwe lweRafter lumbozwe ngongqimba lolwelwesi olunganalulwa amanzi, ngaphezulu kwalo isibani esigcwele khona. Ulwelwelwesi ophahleni olufakiwe ngokusho kobuchwepheshe bamuva buyaphoqakala, uma kungenjalo ukuhlukunyezwa kuzokuhlekisa, okuzoholela ekutheni kube nokungasebenzi kahle (kumane kulahliwe imali). Uma uphahla lubanda, ungakwenza ngaphandle kokungena kwamanzi.
Konke, uphahla lwe-duct luqoqwe futhi lulungele ukufakwa kwezinto zophahla.
Inqubo yokufaka ye-rafter ibangela imibuzo eyanele, kepha akunakwenzeka ukutshela izindlela eziningi. Bheka enye yazo kuvidiyo. Uhlelo lukhulu futhi lukhuphuke ophahleni lwezingxenye, futhi lapho selubuthene ekwakhiweni okukodwa. Ezindlini ezinkulu kulula.
Izici zokufakwa kohlelo olusheshayo lwendlu yokhuni
Umehluko phakathi kwezindlu zokhuni ukuthi indlu ye-log inika i-shrinkage, futhi lokhu kuholela ekushintsheni kwejometry sohlelo lwe-rafting. Uma izinto zibopha kanzima, uphahla lungahlukana. Ngakho-ke, ama-fasteners enza ukuntanta. Kunezinto ezikhethekile ezishelelayo, okuthi kuleli cala ziboshele ama-rafters kumqhele ongenhla futhi ugijime, uma kukhona okunjalo (bheka isithombe).
Indlela yokuqinisa uhlelo lwe-rafter lwendlu ye-bang
Ukuze athuke ngokukhululekile ngesikhathi sokushwabana, ingxenye yawo ende ihlelwe ngokuhambisana namandla ahambisana namandla, kuyabonakala ngokuqinile ekhanda. Uma kunesidingo, indawo inqunywe kuyo. Faka intaba ukuze igwegwe lisesimweni esiphansi kakhulu noma eduze kwalo. Bopha ngezikulufo ezikhethekile zokuzishaya ezingena kwikhithi (ejwayelekile azifanele). Uma ukufakwa kwenziwa ku-log ukuze unyawo lwe-rafter lushelele khona, ukuvulwa kwe-semicircular kusikwe engxenyeni engezansi, lapho kuzothembela khona.
Ama-fasteners anjalo ayathengiswa kunoma iyiphi imakethe yokwakha, ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuslayida". Ungayifaka kanjani i-slid to the Bruus ibuke ividiyo.
Ividiyo emhlanganweni kanye nokufakwa kohlelo lweRafter of Dumplex Poofs
Uphahla olunezandla ezimbili kwakhiwa ngezandla zakhe: inqwaba yezinqolobane kanye nama-nuances, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuqinisa, ukunwetshwa. Ukuchaza ngamazwi, umthengisi wabo akabongi. Lokhu kunjalo lapho kungcono ukubona. Ngezansi unikeza ukukhethwa kwevidiyo ongaba usizo.Umbiko wevidiyo wokuthi uphahla lwe-ezimbili lwenziwa kanjani
Indaba yomnikazi wendlu mayelana nezigaba zokwakha. Kunezikhathi zobuchwepheshe ezihehayo ezingaba wusizo.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuxhuma izimboniso: kanzima futhi zislayida
Ividiyo ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezinzima kakhulu zokuxhuma.Ungayinquma kanjani i-angle yokuthambisa okuthambekele
Umbiko wevidiyo wevidiyo ephelele
Le filimu ithatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwehora, kepha inqubo ikhonjiswa kusukela ekuqaleni nasekupheleni nemininingwane eminingi. Uphahla lufakwa endlini yohlaka, kepha lapho ufaka ezakhiweni zolunye uhlobo (ngaphandle kwezindlu zokhuni) Akukho mehluko.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Amaphephadonga anamuhla: I-Photo Design, Photo 2019, imibono yendlu, ingaphakathi elinesitayela, indlela yokujezisa ifulethi, ukubuka, imibala emibili ekhishini