Polyfoam (wanwebeka polystyrene) - okuvame kakhulu
ukufakwa, okusetshenziswa kuyo yonke indawo ekufakweni kodonga kanye
amapayipi okufakwa. I-FOAM evame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza
Sebenza ekufakweni kwe-facade yendlu. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu, lokhu kubiza okuphansi,
Izici ezinhle kakhulu zokufakwa kwe-thermal nokufakwa okulula.
Ubuchwepheshe bokufakwa kwe-facade of foam (okunwetshiwe polystyrere)
Izinzuzo ze-Foam zokufakelwa:
- I-Zero Hygroscopicity (Akunasidingo Sokusebenzisa
amafilimu omgoqo we-vapor);
- ukuqina (okuqediwe okuhle);
- Ukumelana nomsebenzi wemvelo;
- Ukuqina kwejometri ngaphansi kwethonya lezimo zangaphandle.
Phakathi kokubi: okuvuthayo, ubuthi lapho buvutha.
Ngokuvamile, abaningi banomqondo wokuthi kanjani
Udonga lufakelwe ngaphandle kokufakelwa kanzima, kepha ukuthi ungawufaka kanjani i-facade
I-Polyfoam kahle, udinga ukuyeka okuningi. Ulwazi lwezici
Ukufakwa kwezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukushisa kuzosiza ukwenza umsebenzi ngezandla zakho futhi
Bheka ongoti abaqashiwe.
I-Facade of Foam Foam Facade Technology
Izinyathelo eziphambili:
- nokukhethwa kokubala;
- Ukulungiswa kwendawo yodonga;
- Ukufakwa kwephrofayili yesisekelo;
- Ukufakwa kwe-foam (emthambekeni nodonga);
- umthungo we-seam;
- Ukuqiniswa kanye ne-Plaster Facade;
- Umsebenzi wokuqeda.
I-oda (umdwebo) wokufakwa kwe-facade kukhonjiswa esithombeni.
I-Foaming Facade Insulam Diagam (Polystyrere Foam)
Ubuchwepheshe bokufaka buzofana ne-foamflast,
I-Polystyrere Foam ne-Inferno.
1 - Ukubalwa kwezinto zokufaka okushisayo
Okudingayo ukulungiselela ukufakwa kwe-facade:- I-Polyfoam (2560-3200 REBLES / CUBE) noma i-Polystyrere Foam (Penoplex)
(3500-5000 ama-ruble / cube). Ngokwezakhiwo zayo, lezi cishe ziyizinto ezifanayo,
Kepha i-polystyrere foam ilula ukusebenza ngokusetshenziswa kokuhlangana kwe- "groove comb". Ingomane
Kuyabiza kakhulu;
- Izinto zokuhlobisa ezenziwe ngegwebu le-facade yokuqeda;
- primer. Kungcono ukuthenga hhayi i-Universal, ne-Primer
Ukungena ekujuleni, ngokwesibonelo, i-ceresite st-17 (ama-ruble angama-555/10 l);
- Ukunamathela nge-foam (ukuxubana eyomile). Isibonelo, kosbud (Poland,
Ama-ruble angama-390/25 kg), ubuciko be-ceresit 34 (315 ama-ruble / 25 kg), ama-art art 83 (410 rubles / 25 kg);
Qaphela. I-Cook glue ingalungiswa ngalokhu
I-PVC Adhesive (1 l Ngebhakede ngalinye lengxube) lingezwe kwikhambi le-Classic Cement.
Le ndlela ayinciphisi kakhulu izindleko, kepha kwandisa amandla kwabasebenzi.
inqubo kanye nesikhathi sayo (ukulungiswa, ukugcinwa kwezilinganiso, ukudukisa kanye
njll.).
Amanothi we-Master ukuthi ithuluzi elilula kakhulu
Glue-foam. Isibonelo, i-Akfix (Turkey, ama-ruble angama-390 / ibhola.) Noma iTytan (Poland, 410
rub / ibhola.). I-Foam ilula kakhulu emsebenzini, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemisebenzi emanzi nokulahleka
Isikhathi sokukhipha ikhambi, futhi futhi linokusetshenziswa okuncane kakhulu.
- Iphrofayili Yenhlalo. Yenza umsebenzi womaphetheli wereferensi wohlelo
Ukufakelwa kanye nokuqinisekisa ubunziselo bokubeka amashidi, ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa ngokuvundlile.
Iphrofayili inobubanzi obuhlukile, ngokubekwa kahle kokufakelwa. Isibonelo, intengo yephrofayili yeBaukom (Germany) ubude obujwayelekile be-2 500 mm.
Ububanzi beshelufu bokusebenza, mm | Intengo nge-M.P. hlikihla. | Intengo nge-PC. hlikihla. |
40. | 78,72. | 196.80 |
amashumi amahlanu | 112.92 | 282.30 |
60. | 124,54. | 311.35 |
80. | 140.54. | 351.35 |
100 | 145,00. | 365.70 |
120. | 109.24. | 523.10 |
150. | 326.00. | I-815,00 |
Amaphrofayili weSocket Socket | Kuma-PC ayi-100. | 221.40 |
Isinxephezelo Samaphrofayli Abusekelo | Kuma-PC ayi-100. | 226.94 |
Izinto ezilungiselelwe isayithi www.moydomik.net
- I-foam ekhuphukayo (pensil 65 l 800 ml foam, ama-ruble angama-348);
- Iphrofayili yewindows;
- Igridi eqinisiwe (iseli engu-22x35 - 54.9 ama-ruble / MP, iseli
12x14 - Ama-ruble angama-65 / MP);
- Kuqiniswe ekhoneni lepulasitiki noma elihlanganisiwe
I-Aluminium Corner.
- Beka. Kukhona ukuxubana okwenziwe ngomumo, njenge-VGT,
I-Russia, 287.25 REBLES / 3.6 kg. Ukuthenga uPutty owomile, kuzobiza okushibhile. Kwa-
Isibonelo, i-TM "Students" Chinna, eRussia - ama-ruble angama-405/20 kg. Okuyisisekelo Grey - 225
ama-ruble / 20 kg;
- Dowel talled (2.39 - 9.99 ngama-PC. Kuya nge
Ubude).
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukubumba ngaphakathi kwengaphakathi kwegumbi lokuhlala: ukuklama kanye nomhlobiso wezindonga nge-TV
Kusuka ethu ithuluzi ozolidingayo: Spatula (bushelelezi negiya),
IHammer, i-perforator, i-grater yokuthola imimese, yokugcina imimemo.
Ukubalwa kwe-foam ye-facade yokufakelwa
Ukufakwa kwekhwalithi kwe-facade ye-Foam yendlu kungenzeka
Ukubalwa okunekhono kuphela kwenombolo nobukhulu obuphambili bokuqukethwe maqondana
Ubuningi bayo nokuvuselelwa okushisayo kodonga (isitini, i-foam block, e-pesoblock).
Bala inombolo ilula - ngokwanele ukubala indawo
Izindonga bese wengeza ama-3% ekunciphiseni (5% ngokucushwa kwadonga oluyinkimbinkimbi).
Qaphela. Lapho kufakwa izindonga ze-facade zendlu kufanele zicabange
Ekufakweni kwesisekelo, esingaphansi kwesisekelo kanye nesisekelo sifinyelela ezingeni lokuqanda.
Kuphela lokho kufakwa kungabhekwa kuphumelele.
Kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukukhetha ubuhle be-foam - it
I-Varium esukela kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-35 kg / m.kub. Qaphela ukuthi kwehlisa ubuntu,
Izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu zokufakelwa kwe-thermal, nokho, okuqukethwe kuzoba buthaka.
Amakhosi anothi ukuthi ukufakwa kodonga lwesakhiwo sokuhlala odinga ukusisebenzisa
Polyfoam density 25 KG / M.KUB. (Maka PSB-C-25) no-40-50 mm ubukhulu.
Qaphela. Isincomo esijwayelekile sokunciphisa inani lamabhuloho
Ukubanda - Beka amashidi ngezingqimba ezimbili. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi uthenge hhayi eyodwa
Ishidi elibukhali lingu-100 mm, kanti amabili angu-50 mm.
Yini ilangabi le-foam elingcono ongalikhetha ukufakwa ekhaya?
Imininingwane yokukhethwa inikezwe etafuleni (for Foam
Imikhiqizo ye-PSB-C-25)
Kuyaqapheleka, ukwehlisa kabusha isisekelo sezakhiwo zokuhlala
Kuyadingeka hhayi ukufaka kuphela isisekelo, kodwa futhi nesisekelo, phansi emhlabathini.
Izidingo ze-foam:
- IJiyomethri. Ishidi kufanele libusheleleke ngokuphelele, livunyelweUkuphambuka ngobude nobubanzi - 10 mm., Ngendiza - 2 mm.;
- umbala. Izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zimhlophe. Yellownisess
Kukhombisa ukungahambisani nezimo zokugcina;
- Bhala ubuqotho. Ukufakwa, kwenzeke futhi
Amashidi akhubazekile.
2 Isiteji - Ukulungiswa kwe-facade kokufakelwa
Ingaphezulu lodonga oluzothathwa khona igwebu elizolungiswa ngalo,
Kumele ihlanzeke, ngaphandle kwezinto ezivikelayo. Umehluko wokuphakama okuvumelekile - 10-15
mm. Konke okuphakeme (ama-protocks, ama-hillocks) - kwehla, konke okuphansi kakhulu
(Resesses, imigodi, imifantu), kuyinto efiselekayo ukubekwa uphawu ngesisombululo.
Ungalungiselela kanjani izindonga ze-Foam yokufakelwa:
- Izindonga ezidwetshiwe - Upende uyasuswa (kuphela uma kungenjaloI-Zero Vapor Permeability);
- I-Chalk Trail - i-Primer esetshenzisiwe;
- Ukugoqa izindonga - ukugaya ngebhulashi lensimbi.
I-Primer isetshenziswa odongeni olulungiselelwe. Kuzokhuphuka
Ukunamathela kobuso futhi kuzogwema ukubonakala kwesikhunta.
3 Isiteji - Ukufakwa kwephrofayili eyisisekelo ngaphansi kokufakelwa
Inhloso yephrofayili yomhlabathi yama-Facades insulation Systems -
Yenza lula ukufakwa komugqa wokuqala wamashidi we-foam, futhi unciphise ukuphambuka
umugqa ovundlile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwamakhosi - kuyiphrofayili
Ukuvikelwa okuhle kwephrofayili emagunjini. Iphrofayili yama-dowels futhi
Izinga lokuqinisekisa eligunyaziwe.
Ukufakwa kwephrofayili eyisisekelo ngaphansi kokufakwa kwe-facade ye-foam
Ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kokufakwa kwamashidi futhi
Kunconywa mpo kunconyelwa ukufaka ukumiswa (izintambo zamapayipi nge-nati for
Isisindo). Isinyathelo sokufaka kwabo 600-800 mm.
4 Isigaba - Ukufakwa kwe-foam ku-facade (emthambekeni nodonga)
Ungaqala kanjani ukufakwa kwe-facade?Amakhosi anaka iqiniso lokuthi abasebenzisi - abaqalayo
Khetha kahle indawo yokuqalisa umsebenzi ekufakweni kwe-facade. Imvamisa bona
Kuthathwe odongeni, ubuhle bokusebenziseka lula komsebenzi, uToli ngenxa yesilinganiso salo,
Bese kuthi umsebenzi kufanele uqale kanjani ngokuhlelwa kwethambeka.
Ukufakwa kwemithambeka, ungasebenzisa ishidi elincane
Polyfowam. Lapho ufaka, kufanele adlale udonga ngobukhulu bokufakelwa kanye
I-15-20 mm ngokuya ngendawo yodonga. Impahla eyeqile kamuva
Kutshaliwe.
Ukuhlinzeka ngokufanele futhi okuqinile kokuphela
I-Foam Plastic for Uhlaka lwewindi kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa iphrofayili yewindows noma
Iphrofayili ye-plasterboard (i-angle yepulasitiki).
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungasihlomisa kanjani ikotishi
Kaningi, imithambeka ayihlukaniswa yindawo ebushelelezi, kanjalo
I-cavity ephumela kufanele igcwaliswe ngesisombululo, nezingcezu ezinkulu
Polyfowam. Kungenzeka ukwengeza ukuhlukanisa imithambo futhi
Yenza ukuqala komsebenzi ngemithambeka.
UMkhandlu. Ukufakwa kwe-takeaway ngaphansi kwethonsi le-30-40 mm kuzovumela
Yehlisa umsindo wensimbi yensimbi ephansi.
Ukufakwa kwe-foam endizeni yodonga kuqala phansi
I-angle futhi yenziwa ngokuchithwa kwesigamu seshidi, isb. Amashidi afakwe ngu-B.
i-oda le-chess. Ngakho-ke, amabhuloho abandayo awafakiwe.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuqinisa igwebu odongeni, amashidi ancono
Lungiselela. Okungukuthi, chitha ngaphezulu kweshidi ngegiya roller noma
i-grater. Lokhu kuzokwandisa ubulukhuni bayo futhi kuthuthukise ukunamathela nge-glue.
Ungahlanganisa kanjani i-Foam ku-facade?
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-glue incike ebusheleleke kodonga:
- Ngamaconsi angadluli ku-10 mm. glue wasebenza ebusweni
Ishidi lisebenzisa i-spatula efakwe emanzini;
- Ngokwehluka ngaphezulu kwe-10 mm. I-glue isetshenziswa incane
"Ama-blots" ngoba, isidingo sokunamathela ngaphezulu, futhi ishidi eligcotshwe lizoba nzima. Ingomane
Ukufaka amashidi kucindezela udonga ngokuphuma okuncane. Ngakho-ke glue
Ugcwalisa isikhala esingenalutho ngaphansi kweshidi. Izinsalela zokunamathela zisuswa yi-spatula.
Ubungako bendlela yokufaka ukuthi izinga kufanele lihlolwe
Isetha ishidi ngalinye.
Umugqa wesibili wama-Foam Amashidi afakwa ngokufuduka
okuhlobene neyedlule. Lapho ubeka amashidi ngezingqimba ezimbili, kufanele ulinde kuze kube
Ungqimba lwangaphambilini luzokoma ngokuphelele.
Qaphela. Ukuqedwa kokuphela kwegwebu le-foam kwenza kwenzeke
Yenza ukuklanywa okuhlobisa kwewindows noma iminyango.
Ukushisa kwe-facade ye-foam - ukuqeda imithambeka yewindows
Ukungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwama-Masters kubangela
Sebenzisa ama-dowels-izambulela, ama-disc dowellas noma ama-dowels ngesigqoko esibanzi
(fungi). Ukuqinisa igwebu odongeni lwama-dowels kuvimbela ukususwa futhi
Ukunyamalala kweshidi. Ingxenye yochwepheshe ithi ama-glue anele
umgcini oqinile, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwezambulela ukusetshenziswa kwemali eyengeziwe
izinsiza nesikhathi. Abaphikisi babo bathi lesi sigaba asinakwa hhayi
kufanele ngoba Isambulela sizohlinzeka ngokulungiswa okwethembekile.
Ama-Fasteners of Plate Dowel kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kokugcwele
Glue eqandisiwe. Imvamisa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-1-2 kuye ngesimo sezulu.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuqinisa igwebu:
- Ukuqinisa phakathi naphakathi emakhoneni . Kulokhu, esetshenzisiwe
5 Dowels izambulela ekhasini ngalinye. Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwabo okuphelele kubalwa kucatshangelwa
Izinombolo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izingxenye zamashidi nazo zinamathiselwe okungenani izambulela ezintathu;
- Ukuqinisa emaphethelweni aphakathi naseduze noma amakhona . Leli
Indlela yokonga, yehlisa inani lezambulela. Indlela ingaphezulu
Ngokuncono, ngoba amashidi amaningana ahleliwe ngasikhathi sinye. Kepha lokhu
Indlela ilungele kuphela amashidi we-foam afakwe ngokuphelele
Isidingo sokushintshwa ekuphakameni ngemuva kokufakwa odongeni.
Isikimu sezindawo ezisheshayo zama-fowels amagwebu
UMkhandlu. UDowel uvalwe ku-foam ngokushesha ngemuva kwalo
glue (ngaphambi kokomisa i-glue) uma kwenzeka umsebenzi owenziwayo
Isisekelo kanye nokugwema isenzo sokubhubhisa se-ultraviolet.
Enye yezindlela zokubopha i-Foam Imprellas
Ukuhlanza i-dowel ekutshelweni kanye nophawu oluzayo lwesiza sokufaka
I-Foam plule. Ngenxa yobunzima, le ndlela ayivamile ukusetshenziswa.
Ungayilungisa kanjani i-foam odongeni usebenzisa i-dowel-umbrella enendlela efihliwe
Qaphela. Ngemuva kokuthi ipulasitiki le-foam ihlelwe ngama-dowels,
Hlukana nezingxenye ezivelelayo zemithambeka.
Isiteji esingu-5 - Ukuvalwa kokuvalwa kwamandla phakathi kwe-Foam
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi iJiyomethri yephepha le-foamKwesinye isikhathi kushiya kufanelekile ukuthi kufiswe, futhi kuholela ekuveleni kokubukeka kwama-slots
Phakathi kwamashidi. Ngisho nezikhala ezincane ukulahleka kokushisa okukhulu. ngakhoke
Ngemuva kokubeka amashidi foam, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa uphawu (kuthiwe
ama-seams).
Ungawuvalela kanjani futhi ungawavalela kanjani umthungo phakathi kwamagwebu?
Inqubo yokwenza umsebenzi iyahluka ngokuya ngobukhulu bomthungo:
- Ukugcwalisa umthungo amakhulu, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise
Ukuncipha kwendiza yamagwebu okubekwa kugebe. Qaphela, umthungo omkhulu
Ungagcwalisi isixazululo, ngoba Ukusebenza kwakhe okushisayo kuphakeme kakhulu kunokuba
Polyfowam. Ngenxa yalokho, ngomthungo usazoba kakhulu
ukushisa;
- I-Foam ekhuphukayo isebenza ukugcwalisa imishini emincane,
Okushaywa emthunjini, futhi okusalayo kwalo kuncibilike ngemuva kweqhwa. Ze
Kukhanyisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umthungo ofudumele".
Isihloko ngesihloko: I-Dermantine Door upholstery ngezandla zakho: ukukhala kokhuni, umnyango wensimbi
Kanjani nokuthi ungavala kanjani imithungo phakathi kwegwebu
Qaphela. Izingxenye ezivelelayo ze-foam zisulwa yi-grater eqinile.
Isigaba esingu-6 - ukuqiniswa kwe-foam mesh kanye nosonga wokuqeda
Ngokuyinhloko, ebhekene ne-facade yegwebu ngalesi sigabaKuyaphela. Kepha ukufakwa okungavikelekile, kungabi isikhathi eside ukwenza imisebenzi
I-Thermal insulator ngempumelelo. Iqiniso ngukuthi igwebu libhujiswe ngaphansi
ukuvezwa ku-ultraviolet futhi akumelani kakhulu ukulimala kwemishini, futhi
Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuvikela.
Impahla evikelayo yi-plaster. Ngakho-ke wahamba kahle wagcina ephepheni elibushelelezi, kusetshenziswa igridi eqinisiwe. Akudingekile ukonga kukho, ngoba ubuchwepheshe bokufakwa kwe-facade ye-foam plastic lihlinzeka ngokusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile kwegridi yokuqinisa.
Ukuqinisa i-Foam Mesh - Ividiyo
Ungaqinisa kanjani igwebu?
- I-MESH Web Web Web ifakwe ku-70-100 mm.;
- Igridi kufanele ilungiswe ukuze igweme ukubukeka kwamafolda
(ubeka inetha ngezandla);
- I-Mesh ihunyushwa ngokweqiniso kwikhambi;
UMkhandlu. Uma umsebenzi wenziwa ngesikhathi esishisayo,
Ukuthambisa ungqimba olunamathela esigungwini sokufafaza kuvunyelwe.
- Ukufakwa kwegridi kwenziwa ngokushesha, ngoba Glue ngokushesha
Futhi idla igridi kugwebu;
- Indawo ekhuphukayo eduze kwefasitela neminyango
Ngaphezu kwalokho izingcezu zegridi. Izingcezu zifakwe emakhoneni okuvuleka,
emithambekeni futhi uvikele ukubukeka kwemifantu;
Ukuqiniswa kwama-foams azungeze amawindi neminyango
- Amakhona wendlu nokuvulwa kwefasitela ahlukaniswe ngokukhethekile
Ekhoneni lepulasitiki ngegridi. Igridi ibekwe kuwebhu eseduze.
Okunye kungasebenza ekhoneni le-aluminium elihlanganisiwe, kepha kubi
Kukona ngokuvikelwa kwayo kokusebenza kwekhoneni kusuka ekuguqukeni futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ku-
Ukufakwa. Qondanisa ekhoneni nomthetho noma ekhoneni spatula.
Ungaqinisa kanjani i-foam ezungeze iwindi neminyango
Isigaba esingu-7 - ukupenda kwe-facade yendlu ngemuva kokufakelwa kwegwebu
Ngemuva kokukhuphuka ku-polymer mesh foam isasebenzaIsendlalelo esisodwa sengxube yokunamathela. Ubukhulu obufanele be-glue ngu-3 mm., Futhi
Injongo - Fihla ukungahambi kahle futhi unikeze indawo ebukhoneni obushelelezi ngokulilungiselela
Ngakho-ke, ukubopha.
Uma isendlalelo sesibili sokuhlobisa sasingabushelelezi, sakhe
Ungavumelanisa i-grater. Inqubo idla isikhathi, kepha ikuvumela ukuba uthole muhle
Indawo ebushelelezi.
Ukupenda i-facade ngemuva kwe-foom yokufakelwa ihloselwe
Ukunikeza isakhiwo sempunga izinhlobo zobuhle.
Ngokufaka i-faning the facade, noma yimuphi upende kufanelekile, okuyinto
Yakhelwe ukwenza umsebenzi wangaphandle. Upende usetshenziswa ngesibhamu sokufafaza
noma i-roller ethambile ye-foam.
Kuhle ukuqaphela ukuthi ukupenda ngopende okhethekile we-facade
Kwakha ifilimu ebusweni bodaka, futhi kuqinisekisa ukufezekiswa komphumela "umphumela
I-Thermasa ", okwenza indlu ibekwe uphawu kakhulu futhi, ngokufanele, ukufudumala.
Imvamisa abasebenzisi benqaba ukunamathela futhi esikhundleni salokho
Isendlalelo sesibili sesixazululo esinamathela sisetshenziswa ku-facade ye-stucco yokuhlobisa
Colode noma iwundlu.
Ubuchwepheshe bokusetshenziswa kopulazi "Compeed" - Ividiyo
Ukusetshenziswa kodaka lokuhlobisa "LAMEAS" - Ividiyo
Ungayifaka kanjani i-facade ye-foam ngezandla zawo - ividiyo
Izindleko zokufakwa kwe-facade of foam (polystyrene foam)
Njengokukhuthaza okwengeziwe ukwenza i-facade
ukufakwa kwegwebu ngokuzimela sinikeza amanani okusebenza kuwo
Ukufakwa okushisayo kwe-1 m2.
Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Intengo yomsebenzi, rub / m.kv |
Okokudlala okuthile | 150. |
Izindonga Zokufakwa Kwe-Foam | 450. |
-Phaweyo | 300. |
Ukuqiniswa kwe-foam (kufaka phakathi ama-engeli) | 375. |
Foam Qeda Qeda (I-Stucco + Staining) | 375. |
Qeda ukuqeda (udaka lwe-plaxtatus lokuhlobisa) | 375. |
UFoam uqeda (amabala) | 200. |
Ukuqeda (I-Brickwork Technique) | 800. |
Izindleko ezilinganisiwe zemisebenzi zincike ohlotsheni lwezinto ezibonakalayo, ivolumu
Isebenza, ikhwalithi engaphezulu nobunzima bokucushwa kodonga, ijubane lokubulawa
Isebenza, isikhathi somsebenzi (inkathi yonyaka).
Ingahle futhi ibe lula ukubala ukuthi kungakanani ukufakwa kwemitha
Isikwele. Ungawugubha kanjani abasebenzisi, intengo yezinto zokwakha icishe ilingane
Izindleko zomsebenzi ezenziwe. Kule sizini (2019) ukufakwa kwegwebu ngaphansi
Ukhiye uzungeza ama-ruble angama-2000-2500. Ngemuva kwe-m.kv