Isanda kuthathwa kakhulu kumasayithi okwakha ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto, ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa kwangasese, kusetshenziswa ukhonkolo olwenziwe kahle. Njengoba izinto ezibonakalayo zintsha, izinkampani zonjinithuthukisa zivame ukuba nemibuzo ehlukile: Yini okufanele ibe yinqwaba yodonga lukakhonkolo olwenziwe ngokhonkolo, luyini ubukhulu obuhle bokuthi, izinhlobo zokhonkolo olwenziwe kahle. Ubukhulu bekhonkolo obuhle buphansi kunalokho kwekhonkolo ejwayelekile, kepha futhi izinga lokufakelwa okushisayo liphezulu. Ukuba khona kokwakheka kokhonkolo lwe-aluminium powder kuthinta ngqo izinga lokudluliswa kokushisa. Ama-Bubble of hydrogen asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke ingxube ye-gesi block, ethinta isakhiwo sawo. I-Polosungual ihlinzeka ngezinga eliphakeme lokufakelwa okushisayo, ngakho-ke, ngokukhuluphala okuthile kwezindonga zikakhonkolo ezihleliwe, zingakhiwa ngaphandle kokufakelwa okwengeziwe.
Izinhlobo zamabhulokhi kakhonkolo ahlanganisiwe
Ukhonkolo we-Mesh - Izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme. Kungakho izinhlaka zekhonkrithi ezihlanganisiwe manje zisetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwabathuthukisi. Ngokuya ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlukaniswa, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhulokhi zihlukaniswa. Ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni igumbi, izidingo zamandla nokufakwa okushisayo kwezindonga nazo zihlukaniswa. Ngokwengeza ubukhulu, nathi sikhulisa amandla nokuvuselelwa okushisayo kwezinto. Ngokuya ngobuningi, amabhlogo ahlukaniswa ngalo mkhiqizo: kusuka ku-d 300 kuya ku-D1200. Amabhulokhi anobunzima obuncane asetshenziswa njengokuzisekela okuzisekelayo, okuphezulu - asebenza njengesakhiwo, njengoba senzelwe umthwalo omkhulu.
Ngokuya ngosayizi wezakhiwo nezinhlobo zezindonga, amakilasi anjalo kakhonkolo ongezwe ahlukaniswe:
- Okokuphakama kwezakhiwo ezinyaweni ezi-5 - "B3.5";
- Okokuphakama kwezakhiwo hhayi ezingaphezu kwama-3 phansi - "B2.5";
- Ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezi-2 - "B2.0".
Ngokuya ngenqubo yezobuchwepheshe, amabhlogo angahlukaniswa nge-autoclave ne-non-autoclave. Owokuqala wathola igama lawo maqondana nokucutshungulwa kwamakamelo akhethekile we-autoclave. Ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni, amabhlogo kaphethiloli ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu: kusuka ku-slag, kusuka kuso usimende, kusuka ku-lime, ukhonkolo ocijile, okuxubile.
Izidingo
Kunezidingo ezithile zokulawula zokusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokwakha. Izimo ezilandelayo zibekwa phambili phambi kwabakhi:
- Okokuqala, ukubalwa okunembile kufanele kwenziwe futhi kunqunywe ukuphakama okuvunyelwa okuphezulu kwezindonga.
- Ukuphakama okuphezulu kokwakhiwa okuvela emabhulokini amaselula kukhawulelwe. Ngokwakhiwa kwezindonga ezivuneni, ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-20 (izitezi ezi-5), izakhiwo ezixhasayo ezingadluli amamitha angama-30 (izitebhisi ezingama-9) zisetshenziselwa izindonga ezithwala izindonga zokwakha.
- Ngokuqondile kusuka ekuphakameni kuncike amandla amabhlokhi asetshenzisiwe. Okwezindonga zangaphakathi nangaphandle zokwakhiwa okufika ku-20 m, i-petoblock isetshenziswa kuphela isigaba "B3.5", ezokwakha kuze kube ngu-10 m - "B2.5", "B2. 0 ". Kufanele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi kwakhiwe izindonga zokuzeseka zesakhiwo ezifika ku-10 m, ukusetshenziswa kwe- "B2.0" kungasetshenziselwa izakhiwo ngaphezulu kwe-10 m - "B2.5".
Isihloko ngesihloko: Isitezi Esimangazayo - Kuyini futhi lapho kusebenza khona
I-Mesh Concrete iyinto ephumelelayo evela ekufakweni kokushisa, kepha akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ayinakuqina kancane kunokhonkolo noma isitini esijwayelekile. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, lapho kubalwa ukushuba kwezindonga zendlu kusuka kukhonkolo ocijile, elinye iphuzu elibalulekile kufanele libhekwe - amandla okumelana nemithwalo. Leli qiniso elilandelayo kufanele futhi libhekwe: Amandla kanye nezinga lokufakwa kwe-vermal kwe-pesoblock linokuthembela okuphakathi.
Ubuningi obukhulu bokhonkolo olwa namagwebu aqinisekisa amandla aphezulu, kepha ukumelana nokulahleka kokushisa kuphansi kwenyuka. Ngakho-ke, uma ugxila emandleni, sebenzisa i-brand d 1200 uma ufuna ukwenza igumbi lifudumale - D 400. Ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo D 600 kuzoba kahle kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. IWindows , ophahleni; Thatha amasethingi afanele ama-masonry kanye nosayizi wezakhiwo ongazenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukufakwa nezinye izinto.
Okufanele ubhekwe lapho kubalwa
Bala ukushuba kwezindonga ezivela emabhulokini kakhonkolo angemuva kungazimela ngokuzimela. Uma ungenazo isipiliyoni esincane sokwakha noma ulwazi olwanele kusuka ku-physics, kuzoba ngcono ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zochwepheshe.
Kukhona amathiphu we-Universal:
- Okokuqala, ukuqondiswa kwamakilasi nezinhlobo ze-gesi block ngohlobo lwezinhloso zezakhiwo. Udonga lwekhonkolo elonakalisiwe kufanele lube mncane kakhulu kunakwezinye izinto, ngokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
- Ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezingezona ezenzelwe imali engahlali imali, i-petoblock d 500 ilungele ubukhulu bama-200 kuye ku-300 mm, inikezwe izinga lomthwalo; Ezindaweni ezinamakhaza acwebezelayo zisetshenziswa ama-200 mm.
- Ngaphansi kwezitezi ezingaphansi kanye nezitezi ezingaphansi komhlaba, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-brand d 600, isigaba "B3.5". Ubukhulu obunconyiwe - 400 mm.
- Okokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwamakamelo namakamelo, amabhulokhi kakhonkolo ahlanganisiwe B2.5, D500 - D600. Ubukhulu obuhle bokuqala bungama-200- 300 mm, owesibili ngu-100-150 mm.
Kanjani ukubala ubukhulu
Uma unolwazi olwanele lwe-physics kanye nesayensi eqondile, zama ukubala ubukhulu ngokwakho. Ungasebenzisa ifomula yokubala elula elula. Kepha kulokhu udinga imininingwane mayelana namandla kakhonkolo we-aerated, isikwele, ukuphakama nesisindo segumbi (ngokwesibonelo, phansi 1). Ngasikhathi sinye, amandla omkhiqizo we-gas-block ubalwa ngokwesilinganiso se-KGF / CM². Okungukuthi, uma indawo yakho ingu-100 m² (s), ubude -40 m (l), isisindo saphansi lingamathani angama-50 (q), lapho usebenzisa i-D600 brand (50 kgf / cm²) Ubukhulu buzobalwa Ngefomula: t = q / l / 50 = 50 000/40/50 = 25 cm.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukufakwa kwe-lining yepulasitiki ngezandla zakho: izimfihlo zokufaka
Ukuphindaphinda u-R (Ukumelana nokushisa okushisa kokushisa) kwi-coefflity esebenzayo ye-ecofficial brand, uzothola inani lobukhulu obuncane bodonga lwendawo ethile yokuhlala.
Sebenzisa amathuba amathiphu angenhla, futhi nakanjani uzothola indlu efudumele nenethezekile ngaphandle kwezindleko ezibonakalayo ngokweqile.
Ividiyo ethi "Ubukhulu bezindonga ezivela kukhonkolo obunjiwe"
Ividiyo mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele ibe yinqwaba yezindonga ezisendlini eyakhiwe kusuka kukhonkolo ebekiwe. Okufanele kube yindlela yokuziphatha eshisayo, namandla ezindonga.