Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa indlu yakhe, enye yamaphuzu ayinhloko ukwakhiwa kwezindonga. Ukubekwa kwezindawo zokuthwala izikhala kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa izitini, kepha yini okufanele kube yinqwaba yodonga lwezitini kuleli cala? Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindonga ezisendlini akuzona nje abathwali, kepha nokho ukwenza amaza ngokwahlukana futhi bebhekene - yini okufanele ibe yinqwaba yodonga lwezitini kulezi zimo? Ngalokhu, ngizotshela esihlokweni sanamuhla.
Ngabe ukushuba udonga lwezitini kuncike kuni?
Lo mbuzo uhlobene kakhulu kubo bonke abantu abakha indlu yabo yezitini futhi baqonda kuphela ama-aces elokwakha. Uma uqala ukubheka nje, udonga lwezitini luyi-design elula kakhulu, inokuphakama, ububanzi nobukhulu. Umthwalo odongeni osithandayo kithi ngokuyinhloko uncike endaweni yayo yokugcina. Lokho wukuthi, banzi futhi ngenhla kodonga, ubukhulu kufanele bube.
Kepha, buphi ubukhulu bodonga lwezitini? - Uyabuza. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekwakhiweni, okuningi kuboshelwa amandla okuqukethwe. Izitini, njengezinye izinto zokwakha, zinazo i-gost, ebheka amandla ayo. Futhi, ukulayisha kwama-masonry kuncike ekuqineni kwayo. Isivele esisengenhla sizoba indawo yenkampani yenethiwekhi, noma iphoqelekile ukuba ibe, ikakhulukazi isisekelo.
Enye i-parameter ethinta ukuqina okuphelele kobuso ukuthuthuka okushisayo kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukusebenza okujwayelekile okugcwele okugcwele okugcwele kuphakeme impela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, uqobo, ukufakwa okubi okushisayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuphuma kwezinkomba zokuvuselela okujwayelekile ezilinganiselwe, ukwakha indlu kuphela kusuka ku-siliar noma amanye amabhlogo, izindonga kumele zibe mkhulu kakhulu.
Kepha, ukuze wonge imali futhi agcina ukuqonda okuvamile, abantu benqaba ukwakha izindlu zikhumbuza i-bunker. Ukuze ube nezindawo ezihlala isikhathi eside kanye nesikhathi esifanayo ukufakwa okuhle okushisayo, uhlelo lwe-multilayer lwaqala ukufaka isicelo. Lapho ungqimba olulodwa luwukulingisa okubucayi, ukulayisha okwanele, ukubekezelela yonke imithwalo engaphansi kwalo, ungqimba lwesibili luyinto yokufudumeza, kanti okwesithathu kungukuchitha izitini futhi.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukucutshungulwa kwemikhiqizo kusuka esihlahleni ngaphansi kwe-antiinity ngezandla zawo
Ukukhetha izitini
Ngokuya ngokuthi ubukhulu bodonga lomthwali wesitini kufanele bube khona, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe uhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezibonakalayo ezinobukhulu obuhlukile ngisho nesakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngesakhiwo, zingahlukaniswa zibe yisilinganiso esigcwele kanye nezimbobo. Izinto ezigcwele zesikhathi esigcwele zinamandla amakhulu, izindleko, kanye nokuphakelayo okushisayo.
Izinto zokwakha ezinama-cavities ngaphakathi ngohlobo lwezimbobo azikapheli, zinezindleko ezincane, kepha amandla okufaka okushisayo emgodini aphezulu. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuba khona kwamaphakethe omoya kuwo.
Ubukhulu banoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto ezibonakalayo ezifunwayo obungacatshangelwa nazo zingahluka. Angaba:
- Single;
- Ingxenye;
- Phinda kabili;
- Ingxenye.
I-Block eyodwa, kwakha izinto ezibonakalayo, osayizi abajwayelekile, ezinjengabani sonke esisetshenziselwa. Amasayizi alo anjengokulandelayo: 250x120x65 mm.
Ihora elilodwa noma ligqinsiwe - linokulayisha okukhulu, futhi ubukhulu bawo bubukeka kanjena: 250x120x88 mm. Okuphindwe kabili - ngokulandelana, unesigaba samabhulokhi amabili owodwa 250x120x138 mm.
Ingxenye yingane phakathi komuntu wayo, inaye, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uqagele, uhhafu wobukhulu be-lingle - 250x120 x12 mm.
Njengoba kungabonakala, umehluko kuphela osayizi bezinto zokwakha ngobukhulu bawo, futhi ubude nobubanzi bufana.
Ngokuya ngokuthi kuzoba yini ubukhulu bodonga lwezitini, kufanelekile ngokomnotho, khetha enkulu lapho kusekela indawo enkulu, ngokwesibonelo, kunezindawo ezinde zokuthwala kanye namabhulokhi amancane okuhlukaniswa.
Ubukhulu bedonga
Sesivele sicabangele amapharamitha lapho ubukhulu bezindonga zangaphandle buxhomekeke khona. Njengoba sikhumbula, ukuqina, amandla, izakhiwo zokufakelwa okushisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindawo eziphezulu kufanele zibe nobukhulu obuhluke ngokuphelele.
Eqinisweni indawo yenethiwekhi, empeleni, ukusekelwa kwalo lonke isakhiwo, athatha umthwalo omkhulu, kusukela esakhiweni sonke, kufaka phakathi isisindo sophahla, izici zangaphandle, ezinjengomoya, zithonywa futhi ngesisindo sazo . Ngakho-ke, ukuqina kwabo, kuqhathaniswa nezindawo zesimo esingalawuleki kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi, kufanele kube okuphezulu kakhulu.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Udonga lwe-Mulral ngezimoto odongeni
Ngamaqiniso wanamuhla, iningi lezindlu ezimbili nezithathu ezinamatende anele ku-25 cm obukhulu noma ibhulokhi elilodwa, ngaphansi kwesigamu noma amasentimitha angama-38. Lezi zimbumbulu zizokwanela. Konke kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lapha.
Ukuze ubale ukuthi ukuqina kuzokwanela ukubhekisa kumazinga kaSnip II - 22-8. Masibala ukuthi indlu yethu yezitini izoba yini ukumelana, nezindonga ezinobukhulu bama-250 mm, amamitha ayi-5 ubude namamitha ayi-2,5 ukuphakama. Okwe-masonry sizosebenzisa i-M50 Material, kwikhambi le-M25, sizobala indawo ethwala eyodwa, ngaphandle kwamawindi. Ngakho-ke, qhubeka.
I-Table Inombolo 26.
Ngokusho kwemininingwane evela etafuleni ngenhla, siyazi ukuthi isimilo se-masonry yethu sibhekisa eqenjini lokuqala, kanye nencazelo yalo kusuka kuMshwana 7. ithebhu. 26. Ngemuva kwalokho, sibheka etafuleni 28 futhi sithola inani le-β, okusho isilinganiso esivumelekile somthwalo odongeni ekuphakameni kwalo, olunikezwe, uhlobo lwesixazululo olusetshenzisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo sethu, leli nani lingu-22.
Amatafula Inombolo 28-29.
Okulandelayo, kudingeka sithole i-CACEFFIFed ye-K kusuka kuThebula 29.
- I-K1 yesigaba sesiphambano se-masonry yethu ingu-1.2 (k1 = 1.2).
- K2 = √an / ab lapho:
Indawo yesigaba sesigaba sendawo yenethiwekhi evundlile, ukubalwa kulula ngo-0.25 * 5 = amamitha-skwele ayi-1.25. M.
I-AB - indawo yezingxenye zodonga oluvundlile, unikezwe ukuvuleka kwewindi, alahlekile, ngakho-ke, i-K2 = 1.25
- Inani le-K4 licacisiwe, futhi ukuphakama okungu-2,5 m ngu-0.9.
Manje ukufunda, zonke izinto eziguqukayo zingatholakala ku-coeffient evamile "K", ngokuphindaphinda zonke izindinganiso. K = 1.2 * 1.25 * 0.9 = 1.35 Okulandelayo, sifunda inani elihlanganayo le-coefficiefres yokulungiswa futhi empeleni sifunda ukuthi ingaphezulu komhlaba lingu-1.35 * 22 = 29.7, kanye nesilinganiso esivunyelwe ngu-2,5 I-10, okuyinto engaphansi kakhulu kunenkomba ephumayo 29.7. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukubekwa kobukhulu obungama-25 cm nobubanzi obungu-5 m kanye nokuphakama okuphezulu kwamamitha angu-2,5 kunokuqina cishe okuphindwe kathathu kunalokho okudingekayo kumazinga we-spp.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungayenza kanjani i-hammock ngezandla zakho ekhaya?
Ngezinhlamvu ezisekelayo ezitholakele, nokuthi yini ehlukanisayo kanye nalabo abangathwali umthwalo. Ukuhlukaniswa, kungakuhle ukuthi uthathe uhhafu wobukhulu - amasentimitha ayi-12. Okwezindawo ezingathwali imithwalo, imomula yokuqina esicubungule ngenhla nayo ilungile. Kepha kusukela ngenhla, udonga olunjalo ngeke lulungiswe, isilinganiso se-coefffient ye-β kufanele sincishiswe okwesithathu, bese uqhubeka nokubalwa nenani elinye inani.
UMasonry ePhilipich, izitini, eyodwa nesigamu, izitini ezimbili
Sengiphetha, ake sibheke ukuthi umsebenzi wezitini wenziwa kanjani ngokuya ngokulayisha komhlaba. Masonry ePolkirpich, elula kunazo zonke, ngoba asikho isidingo sokwenza ukugqoka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezikhundla. Kwanele, faka uchungechunge lokuqala lwezinto ezibonakalayo, esisekelweni sezingeni elifanele futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isixazululo sibekwe ngokulinganayo, futhi asidluli ku-10 mm ngobukhulu.
Isikhombisi esikhulu se-Masonry esezingeni eliphakeme ngesigaba esingu-25 cm ukufakwa kokugqoka okuphezulu kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemisipha mpo okungafanele ihambisane. Ngale ndlela, ama-masonry aqakathekile kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kohlelo olukhethiwe, olunawo okungenani amabili, olulodwa kanye nomugqa ohlukahlukene. Ziyehluka ngendlela yokugqoka nokubeka amabhlokhi.
Ukulala ngosayizi kanye nezitini ezihhafu kwakhiwa ngokohlelo olunjalo: emugqeni wokuqala, amabhulokhi afakwa nge-perpendicular komunye nomunye, ukuze i-a trivery itholakala kusuka ngaphandle, futhi kusuka ngaphakathi - ziwuthenga ngezipuni. Umugqa olandelayo ubekwe, okufanayo, kepha sekuvele ngaphandle kwengxenye yezipuni, nangaphakathi kwetsheni.
Uhlelo lokubeka izitini ezimbili luyafana noMasonry ngesitini esisodwa, umehluko ukuthi isigaba se-Horizontal Surror Cross sizokwanda kusuka ku-250 kuye ku-500 - 520 mm uma usayizi we-seam.
Ividiyo "Izindonga Zezitini"
Ividiyo ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zezitini zisebenzisa amasistimu ahlukahlukene wokulwa. Ungakufudumalela kanjani ukubekwa, futhi yiziphi izinzuzo zalokhu okuqukethwe.