Izingodo zezitini zocingo ngezandla zazo

Ungenza uthango olungabizi kakhulu futhi olungabizi kakhulu lwesayithi ngosizo oluhlanganisiwe - izigxobo zenziwe ngezitini, nokugcwalisa (izikhala) nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingasindi - izinkuni, iqabunga eliqeqeshiwe, uthango olwenziweyo. Umbono uqinile, futhi izindleko zingaphansi kakhulu kune- "turely" uthango lwezitini. Futhi ukubekwa kwezigxobo akuyona into enzima kunazo zonke, kepha iyathandeka. Amakhosi abuze enye iminyaka emibili edlule kusuka kuma-ruble angama-2000 ngensika ngayinye, futhi namuhla amanani akhuphuke ngaphezulu kweziphi ezimbili. Ikholomu yezitini yokonga uthango ngezandla zakho futhi ngaphandle kwamakhono we-mason. Kubalulekile ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe futhi konke kuzosebenza.

Isisekelo socingo ngekholomu yezitini

Ukukhetha uhlobo lwesisekelo ngaphansi kwezigxobo zezitini kuncike kulokho okuzogcwaliswa kanye nohlobo lomhlabathi. Uma isikhala socingo sisuka ezintweni ezingasindi) (okuphansi kochwepheshe, ngokhuni), ungenza isisekelo senqwaba ngensika ngayinye. Ukujula lapho inqwaba kufanele ifakwe khona / insonteke, incike ngohlobo lomhlabathi nokuphakama kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Uma inhlabathi ithambekele ebusika ebusika (ubumba noma i-loam) ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, udinga ukumba u-15-20 cm ngaphansi kokujula kwenhlabathi. Emhlabathini okhethwe kahle (isihlabathi kanye nesihlabathi), kwanele ukugxuma ku-80 cm.

Izingodo zezitini zocingo ngezandla zazo

I-Pile Foundation ye-Brick Post yocingo ngokugcwaliswa okuncane

Isisekelo se-Pile ngaphansi kwensika yezitini senziwa ngokusho kobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile:

Bryat i-fossa yokujula okufiselekayo (ububanzi 25-35 cm);
Phansi kuwa askeep Buckep Buckep-Rucuble;
kuhlanganiswe;
Babeka ipayipi lapho bezohola ngemuva kwalokho bahole umphetho (emhlabathini obuhlaselwe engxenyeni ehlanganisiwe, izingxenye eziningana zezinduku zensimbi, amarobhothi, amakhona aqhubekayo kakhulu);
Ipayipi lisethelwe ngokuqondile, lilungisiwe;
Ngenhlabathi enobunzima, uma izingcezu zensimbi zingazange zinqande ipayipi, unganamathisela izinduku ezimbalwa zokuqinisa emgodini, ngoba inhlabathi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ungaxhuma uhlaka;
Ukhonkolo ophezulu ophakeme uyathululelwa - m300 noma ngaphezulu (mayelana nomkhiqizo nokwakheka okufundwe lapha).

Ubude bamapayipi bugoqa amanani amabili: kusuka engxenyeni ethoselwe ukhonkolo nalowo ozoqina phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye engenhla yepayipi ayidingeki nakancane kulokhu kufanele ibe phezulu kwensika. Kungaba ku-40-50 cm mfushane. Ngaphandle - izinsika lapho kuzothungwa khona isango kanye / noma i-wicket. Lapha ukuqiniswa kwangaphakathi kumele kube cishe phezulu.

Uma uthango luhlelelwe ukuba lube yizitini eziphelele noma esifundeni imithwalo emikhulu yomoya, okungenzeka, kuzodingeka wenze isisekelo sebhande eligcwele. Enye inketho inqwaba eboshwe yiribhoni elihle lokuzalela.

Idizayini yocingo ngekholomu yezitini kwi-concrete Foundation eqinisiwe yeMonolithic

Funda kabanzi ngezinhlobo zezisekelo zazo zonke izinhlobo zocingo, Funda esihlokweni esithi "Isisekelo socingo: Ungangcwabekisa kanjani imali eyengeziwe".

Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungayibeka kanjani ibhodi yephansi ethayiwe

Isixazululo nezitini zamakholomu

Isixazululo senziwe usimende-sand ngengxenye ye-1: 5 (noma 1: 6). Isihlabathi kungcono ukuthatha ingxenye ejulile, i-Prigh Brand Cement ayiphansi kune-M400. Ngokwe-plastiki, ungangeza insipho ewuketshezi encane yezandla noma okokuhlanza izitsha (20-30 gr. Kubhakede lokugoqa elijwayelekile).

Kubalulekile lapho wenza isisombululo sokuthola uketshezi oludingekayo. Akufanele yenziwe, kepha akunakwenzeka ukusebenza ngokusebenza ngoketshezi, ngakho-ke amanzi angezwa kancane kancane, kulandela ukuvumelana kwesixazululo. Isimo esifunekayo singabhekwa kanjena: lisakaza indawo ethile ukuthola indawo ethile, ukubeka isiphambano kukho kuyo. Bese uthatha isakhiwo esimakiwe ku-celma bese ulandela isiphambano: akufanele "ukubhukuda".

Isixazululo esiphezulu sokuvumelana kwamakholomu we-masonry brick

Uma ufisa, ungathola ikhambi elimnyama: Faka i-soot kulo. Kuthengiswa ezikhwameni zezitolo zesakhiwo. Lungisa ingxenye encane ye-soot futhi uthole umhlangano wokuhlobisa ngaphandle kokupenda.

Isixazululo esimnyama singeza ukuqondiswa

Izitini ze-Pick zisebenzisa noma yini, naka kuphela inani lemijikelezo ye-Frost Defrost (okuthe xaxa, okungcono) nejometri. Ngokufanelekile, ukuphambuka ngosayizi akufanele kube ngaphezu kwamamilimitha. Lapho-ke kuzoba lula ukusebenza. Uma iqembu lithola i-caliber ehlukile - hlobo luhlu olunobukhulu ukuze izitini zeposi elilodwa zazinokungafani okuncane.

Ukubekwa Kwezinsika Zokudla: Ubuchwepheshe

Ezimweni eziningi, izigxobo zocingo zenziwa ngezitini eziyi-1.5 noma ezi-2, isigaba sesiphambano 380 * 380 mm no-510 * 510 mm, ngokulandelana, ukuphakama kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3.

Ama-masonry aholela ekugqokeni (ukuthutha) - Umthungo wemugqa ophansi oboshelwe "emzimbeni" wesitini elele phezulu. Umthungo ojwayelekile - 8-10 mm. Isikimu sokuhlelwa kwamakholomu kwesinye nesigamu nezitini ezimbili esithombeni esingezansi.

Izigxobo zezitini ku-1.5 nezitini ezi-2

Izinsika Masonry: I-Order Order

Esisekelweni esiqediwe, kusatshalaliswa kwangamanzi okusikiwe. Kungaba i-rubbeoid ngezingqimba ezimbili, kepha kungcono ukuklebhula ku-bitumen mastic. Le nhlangano iyadingeka ukuthi izitini azithi "Donsela" umswakama emhlabathini. Uma isitini esimanzi sibanda, ngokushesha uqala ukuqhekeka futhi ukhubazeke. Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa emanzini kungadingekile. Ukufakwa emanzini okukhishwe amanzi kungathathelwa indawo - okuphindwe kabili kwesisekelo se-bituminous mastic kabili, futhi ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu Kungcono ukwenza okuphindwe kabili amanzi - ukukhuphula nge-mastic, bese kuthi i- "hydroisol" nayo ingasetshenziswa.

Ngosayizi, isixazululo sengqimba sisetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwamanzi okufakwa emanzini okungaphezulu kwe-1 cm. Kuwo, ngokusho kwesikimu, izitini ziboshwe. Ziqondaniswe ngezindiza ezimile nezivundlile, ngokuthepha ngesando ekhethekile enjoloba. Ama-Wizards angasebenzisa isibambo seKelle, kepha kulokhu, izinsalela zekhambi zingandiza zisuka endizeni yeKelma, zifaka izandla nezitini, futhi zihlikihla kude nosiketi.

Izitini ze-Ceramic zidonsa ngokushesha ngokushesha umswakama, ngakho-ke zimnandi, kuzoba nzima kuwe "zitshale" endaweni. Ukuze isixazululo isikhathi eside ukugcina i-plastity, isitini ngaphambi kokubeka imizuzwana embalwa ukucwilisa emanzini. I-Maneuver efanayo yenza kube lula ukusula ikhambi kusuka ebusweni (lisuswa ngokushesha, indwangu eyomile).

Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukuqinisa Izingubo Izintambo kuvulandi

Gqoka isando

Umugqa wesibili uphinde ufake izitini, ikhambi liyasakazeka, izitini zibekwe kulo, kepha vele ngokugqoka - kuvela ukuthi umthungo uvinjelwe. Qondanisa futhi. Ngemuva kwalokho thatha i-roulette bese uhlola usayizi wemigqa ebekiwe. Ngisho nokuhanjiswa okuncane kwe-1-2 mm kuyaqedwa. Thinta ingaphambili lesitini (elibizwa nge- "Stack"), ukuguqula izitini eduze. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma uhlangothi lubhekene nobuso obungaboni, lugcwalisa imishini emile mpo. Zonke izikhundla ezalandela zithambile.

Uma kukhona ukungabi nalutho phakathi kwepayipi elingaphakathi lokuqiniswa kanye nokuqina kwezitini, kugcwalisiwe. Uma ibanga lincane, ungasebenzisa isixazululo se-masonry uma ngabe unezeluleko kubalulekile, ukonga isikhala ungantanta nge-rubble, thinta, bese uchithe isixazululo sesimende-sandy.

Ukubeka ngaphansi kwenduku

Ukubekwa kwamakholomu okuchazwe ngenhla kulokho sekuhlolwa isikhathi eside, kodwa Wabasaqalayo, ngokukhiqiza okuzimele, ukumelana kakhulu nokuthumba okubushelelezi. Enye inkinga - ikhambi liphuma emthunjini, indawo ebekiwe. Kuvela hhayi muhle kakhulu. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi, sasungula ama-maroonry ngaphansi kwenduku. Thatha ibha yesikwele yensimbi enohlangothi lwe-8-10 mm, ungayinqumi hhayi izingcezu, osayizi abangu-10-15 cm osayizi omude.

Ukubeka ibha

Ukubeka umugqa wokuqala, ibha isemaphethelweni wesitini. Gcwalisa ipulatifomu nge-margin encane, bese ungqimba lusondele kushubhu ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ehola induku yinduku, susa okuseleyo, ukuhlanza induku kwikhambi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye lapho kugcinwa khona isixazululo. Babeka isitini, bayivumelanise ngokwezinga. Ngasikhathi sinye, ayimniki induku, futhi isikhundla sokuphela kwesinye isikhathi silawula izinga.

Ngaphansi kwezinduku sisebenzisa isixazululo ebusweni obuseceleni

Ngemuva kwalokho bathatha induku emfushane eba ngu-10 cm (ngomthungo mpo), bakubeka eceleni kwe-twist, ikhambi lisetshenziselwa ohlangothini lwesitini esinqunyiwe, futhi sisusa imali esele endongeni. Kubekwa futhi kugingqiso isitini sesibili. Ngemuva kokuthi izinga libonisiwe, umthungo ucindezelwa ngaphezulu kwe-cylma, futhi ibha mpo iyasuswa.

Khipha induku ebambe umthungo

Ngakho-ke zonke izitini zibekwa. Lapho-ke izinduku ziyasuswa, qhubeka nomugqa olandelayo. Lokhu kubeka ubuchwepheshe be-Brick Pillars kukuvumela ukuthi ulawule umthungo futhi ubenze bahlanzeke. Ngakho-ke engeza insika ngezandla zabo, ngisho ne-novice amateur mason can. Kubalulekile kuphela kwinqubo yokulawula amapharamitha womugqa ngamunye (ukuze insika esigabeni sesiphambano siyisilinganiso esisodwa).

Izifundo zevidiyo

Ikholomu yezitini eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ehlukile - isikulufa esihlanganisiwe

Izici zokusebenza ngesitini se-ceramic

Izinkinga ezingaba khona kanye nesixazululo sazo

Izinkinga eziphambili ezingase ziphakame lapho izinsika zilala zenzele ngokwakho - lokhu kuwukushintsha ngosayizi kanye "nokusonta". Zombili izinkinga zivela ngenxa yokulawula okunganele.

Lapho ubeka amakholomu ngezandla zawo, imvamisa imigqa ephezulu iba mbi kakhulu kunaphansi. Lokhu kwenzeka kancane kancane, kufakwa amamilimitha noma ngaphansi, kepha cishe kuwo wonke umugqa. Ngenxa yalokhu, endaweni ephakeme yobubanzi bamakholomu angu-2 mm angama-400 nangaphezulu. Esikhundleni salokho esikhundleni se-380 mm. Ukulungiswa kwaleli phutha - ukulawula ngosayizi womugqa ngamunye.

Lawula osayizi beposi kuphela yileveli yokwakha akwanele. Kakhulu, kusetshenziswe ithuluzi lezindlu (ophuzi), futhi linephutha elinephutha ngokwanele futhi uma izinga linobude obungu-60-80 cm, umane nje uzobona izinga lokuphambuka okuthe mpo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwalokho sebenzisa i-roulette - efunga umugqa ngamunye. Ukuze unciphise isikhathi esizolawula, ungenza ithempulethi yethempulethi (ngokwesibonelo, kusuka kumapulangwe abushelelezi) ukubheka ubukhona bokuphambuka.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukuxhuma umshini wokuwasha ukulethwa kwamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle ngezandla zakho

Ukubekwa kwezinsika kocingo kwenziwa ezungeze ipayipi lokuqinisa insimbi, i-verticality ihlolwe ngemuva kokubeka umugqa ngamunye

Ukuzibeka kwamakholomu ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho kwalomsebenzi onjalo kungaholela kwelinye iphutha: uhlangothi lwensika lungashintshwa, insika, njengoba kufanele kusontekile eduze kwe-eksisi yayo. Lokhu kukubi kungemnandi kakhudlwana: zama ukunamathisela ama-spans kuleyo kholomu. Kuzoba nezinkinga eziningi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ubeka umugqa ngamunye, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ngokuqinile ukuthi ama-engeli atholakala ngokuqinile komunye.

Ungasiza kalula umsebenzi usebenzisa amakhompiyutha amabili ahlutshiwe kuwo amakhona aphambene. Zinamathele okwesikhashana imigqa engezansi (ama-bolts noma ama-screws emthunjini) bese usebenzisa njengephawundi, ukubeka izitini ngokuqinile ekhoneni.

Izinto zokubolekwa kwempahla kanye ne-sate Mount

Lapho sibeka amakholomu ezitini, kudingeka sicabange ukuthi uzokunamathela kanjani kubo. Ngakho-ke ukuthi kube nethuba lokulungisa imihlahlandlela evundlile yokugcwalisa uthango emapayipi akhiwe phakathi kwekholomu, ngaphambi kokufaka imalimboleko. Kungaba amakona, izikopelo, "izindlebe" zokuqinisa amapulangwe epulangwe, njll. Babeze ngakubo endaweni eyodwa ukuze ukuwela okunamathiselwe bekuvundlile.

Inketho eyodwa ilungele ukuqinisa phansi okuthe xaxa, iStakenist

Izinketho zokubolekwa kwemali zingehluke. Omunye wenza ekhoneni, othile unezifutho ezanele. Konke kuncike ohlotsheni lokugcwaliswa kocingo (okuvela kulo ama-spans) noma inqwaba ye-sash yegoli izokwenziwa.

Izinketho Zokubolekwa Kwezezimali kumakholomu wesitini

Ngaphansi kwesisindo esihlukile kudinga izinto ezahlukahlukene zamandla

Ngaphansi kwesango noma isango lidinga okungenani izingxenye ezintathu zensimbi ngosayizi wensimbi okungenani u-3 mm (ongcono kune-4 mm noma ngaphezulu).

Isibonelo sendawo yokubolekwa kwamasango okuswayipha

Idivaysi nokufakwa kwesango le-Rollback kuchazwe lapha. Mayelana nendlela yokushintsha isango elivuvukala, funda lapha.

Ukwenza i-cap ngensika yezitini

Ukuvikela izitini ezivela kumswakama, phezulu kwensika kuvaliwe nge-cap. Bathengiswa ngamanani amakhulu, kukhona insimbi, ukhonkolo noma okunhlanganisela. Uma ufisa, isigxobo esigxotsheni esivela ephahleni singenziwa ngezandla zabo. Ngezansi uhlelo. Ungangena esikhundleni nje ngosayizi, bese ugoba eqenjini le-sweetegib emigqeni echaziwe. I-Basin umkhiqizo onama-rivets akhethekile, kepha futhi ungasebenzisa izikulufo zokuzishaya. Kuphela kuphela okuzodingeka kwizimbobo zangaphambi kokumba, ngokungemthetho kubo nge-anti-stroke, bese upenda.