Ngobusuku besimo sezulu esibandayo sasebusika, umbuzo wokuthi ungawalungisa kanjani amanzi ngezinhlelo zokufudumeza. Ukulungiswa kwamanzi kufanelekile kubaluleke kakhulu kwabanikazi bezindawo ezizimele ezweni, abaxhunyiwe esikhungweni sokushisa nokwamukela amanzi emithonjeni noma emithonjeni. Uma amanzi eqinile, kuqukethe ukungcola okuvela eceleni, ngokwesibonelo, i-iron noma i-manganese, lokhu kugcwele ukwehluleka hhayi kuphela izinto ezinamapayipi kanye namapayipi, kepha ngokulimaza amapayipi kanye nama-radiator.
Uhlelo lokushisa indlu yezwe.
Isigaba sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu somsebenzi
Into esemqoka ukuthola ngaphambi kokuhlela izindlela zokwelashwa kwamanzi zohlelo lokushisa, ukwenza ukuhlaziya kwamakhemikhali kokwakheka kwamanzi.
Kudume (a) nokuphakanyisiwe (b) amacebo wokulungiselela amanzi okushisa: 1 - Amanzi heater; 2 - I-heater emsule; 3 - Isiqandisi; I-4 - ithangi lokudla okunempilo; I-5 - umqoqi ophakeme wengcindezelo; 6 - Umqoqi ophansi wengcindezelo; ngababili; i-condensate.
Ungaqhuba izivivinyo ekhaya usebenzisa izinsiza zokuhlola ze-aquariums (zithengiswa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezilwane). Kodwa-ke, ukuthola amanani anembe kakhudlwana futhi alungiselele amanzi amaningi ngokushisa, kufanele usebenzise izinsizakalo zelebhu eqinisekisiwe.
Amanzi okuhlaziywa aqashwa ebhodleleni lepulasitiki lamanzi okuphuza angewona ama-carbonated ngevolumu yamalitha ayi-1.5. Akwamukeleki ukusebenzisa amabhodlela avela ngaphansi kwamanzi amnandi athambile nezinye iziphuzo. Ipulaki nebhodlela kugezwe kahle ngamanzi athathwayo ukuze ahlaziye, futhi kungasebenzi. Phambilini amanzi akhipha imizuzu engu-10-15 imizuzu ukukhipha kwisampula yamanzi aqinile, ngoba lokhu kungathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ukuvimbela ukugcwala kwamanzi kuncibilike emoyeni nge-oksijini, kutholakala ngejethi elincane, ukuze kugelezele odongeni lwebhodlela. Amanzi athululelwa ngaphansi kwentamo. Ibhodlela lisongwe ngokuqinile kwipulaki ukuze umoya ungangeni. I-oksijini ivumela ukugeleza kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali, futhi lokhu kungathinta nemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Uma kungekho kungenzeka ukuthi uthathe amasampula ebhularotorethri, khona-ke amanzi angagcinwa esiqandisini (hhayi efrijini!), Kepha azisekho ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili.
Uhlelo lokushisa.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi okuyinkimbinkimbi kufaka phakathi amasheke kule nkomba elandelayo:
- ukuqina;
- Insimbi;
- IManganese;
- ph (degree of acidity);
- I-Exidigability permanganate (ikhombisa ukuba khona kwezinto eziphilayo emanzini);
- amaminerali;
- ammonium;
- I-OXYGEN SAYATION;
- I-turbidity, chromatity, iphunga.
Uma kunesidingo, amasampula athathwa ukuba khona kwama-microorganisms. Ezinye zazo, ngokwesibonelo, ama-legionells nama-legionells nama-antide, hhayi kuphela ukuthi akwazi ukulimaza kabi impilo, kodwa futhi angahlala ngaphakathi kwamapayipi, akha ifilimu ye-mucous membrane. Lokhu kunomthelela ekugqwaneni futhi kubi kakhulu ikhwalithi yokushisa.
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Amanzi aqinile futhi athambile kakhulu
Isibonelo segumbi le-boiler lohlelo lokushisa olunikeza ukufakwa okusheshayo nokushisa okuthe xaxa nokulungiswa kwamanzi ashisayo endlini yangasese, i-cottage, i-cottage.
Izinkomba ezijwayelekile zokuqina - 7-10 mg-eq / l. Uma leli nani lidluliswa, kusho ukuthi amanzi aqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu le-calcium kanye nosawoti we-magnesium. Lapho kufudumeza usawoti uwela esilinganisweni, esaziwa ngokuthi yisilinganiso. Ukuqongelela ngaphakathi kwamapayipi namabhethri, ukukala kuvimbela ukudluliswa kokushisa futhi kufake isandla ekugqokeni kohlelo lokushisa.
Indlela engabizi kakhulu yokuthambisa amanzi iyabilisa. Ekusebenzeni okushisayo, kususwa i-carbon monoxide, ngakho-ke ukuqina kwe-calcium kuncishiswa kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, inani elithile le-calcium lihlala lisemanzini, ngakho-ke kwaqeda ngokuphelele ukuqina kokubilisa ngeke kuphumelele.
Enye indlela yokuhlanza ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi ezine-inhibitors (ama-neutriger), njenge: lime, caustic soda, i-soda ebekiwe. Amanzi aqinile nawo adluliswa ngokuhlunga kusuka ku-Ion Exchange Resin, kanti i-potassium ne-magnesium kuthathelwa indawo ngama-sodium ion.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamathafa kazibuthe kungezindlela ezingagunyaziwe zokunciphisa amanzi. Ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla kazibuthe, izakhiwo zoshintsho lwamanzi ngendlela yokuthi usawoti we-potassium kanye nosawoti we-magnesium ulahlekelwa amandla okuthola isimo sokuqina okuqinile futhi uvelele njenge-sludge eqinile. Kodwa-ke, usawoti usaqhubeka namanzi futhi adinga ukufanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ayisebenzi kangako ekushiseni kwamanzi ngenhla kwama-70-75 degrees (i.e., izinga lokushisa, elijwayelekile kuma-boilers, ama-heater amanzi nama-boilers).
Ukuhlanza okunzima nokufafaza wonke amanzi, ukuthambisa amanzi okushisa nezinhlelo zamanzi ashisayo (DHW).
Ukuhlanjululwa yindlela ye-Osmosis yokuguqula i-Osmosis ukujoyina amanzi ngolwelwesi olukhethekile, ukubambezela izinto eziyingozi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ususe ngokuphelele ama-calcium kanye nosawoti we-magnesium, obangela isilinganiso. Kepha le ndlela inobunzima: izindleko eziphakeme zokuhlanza imishini nokusebenzisa inani elikhulu lamanzi ngesikhathi sokuhlanza (kulitha eli-1 lamanzi ahlanzekile, cishe amalitha ayi-2 kuye kwayi-10 ahlanganiswe emthundeni).
Amanzi athambile athambile kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, imvula noma ithanga, elimazayo ohlelweni lokushisa awekho ngaphansi kokuqinile, ngoba usawoti we-calcium oqukethwe amanzi angenamandla, wehlisa ukugqwala. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amanzi emvula noma ukuncibilika kohlelo lokushisa, kuyadingeka ukukunikeza ukuxazulula izinsuku eziningana futhi uthele, ngemuva nje kokuqiniseka ukuthi i-PH yayo ingaphakathi kuka-6.5-8, kepha ayiphansi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ukwakheka kwenziwa ngamapayipi angakaze ahlakazekile, ekuqaleni athambekele ekugqwalweni.
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Izindlela zokumba amanzi
Ukuhlanzwa okunzima, ukubulawa kwegciwane le-realent kanye nokweludomlilo kwawo wonke amanzi, ukuqedwa kwamanzi amaningi we-chlorine kanye nokuthambisa amanzi, ukuthambisa amanzi ezinhlelo zokushisa kanye ne-DHW.
Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu okuvumelekile kwensimbi emanzini ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi, ngohlelo lokushisa, akufanele kudlule i-1 mg / l. Inkomba ephelele ingu-0,3 mg / l. Insalela yensimbi iholela ekunakekelweni kwezindawo ezingaphakathi zamapayipi nokuzala kabusha ekulweni kwe-glandular sediment of bacterium, okwenzeka ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kwama-30- 40 degrees of the ukushisa. Lokhu kuholela ekugqokeni okusheshayo kohlelo lokufudumeza olushisayo nohlelo lokushisa.
Indlela elula yokudonswa kwemali iyaxazulula. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-oksijini, i-Iron equkethwe emanzini ngokwalo i-onidized, yakha i-burdiment. Ukwenza ukungalingani ngokuzimela, uzodinga ithangi elikhulu elinomthamo wama-200-300 l kanye ne-oxygen ukujova kwe-compressional noma i-compressor (yamathangi amancane (amathangi amancane (wamathangi amancane ahlanganisiwe we-aquarium afanelekile).
Ngamanzi aholayo, kusebenza ngendlela efanayo naleyo ngokuthambisa, ukusetshenziswa kwendlela ye-osmosis ehlekisayo. Futhi kusetshenziselwe izihlungi ngama-ion Exchange resins. Ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-Ferruplating, Chlorination (50 MG / L) kuyasetshenziswa, kepha kufanele kube okokuqala ukuthola ukuthi zingakanani izindawo zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi zimelana ne-chlorine.
Uma okuqukethwe kwensimbi kusemanzini ngaphezulu kwe-5 mg / l (okungejwayelekile ngamanzi kusuka ku-Wells), bese kuthi ukuhlanza, izihlungi ezine-glauconitic sand, zivinjelwe. Njengoba sengidlule esimisweni sokuhlunga esisebenza njenge-catalyst ye-oxidation, amanzi aqeda i-iron, i-manganese ne-hydrogen sulfide, ewela esihlambelini. Lapho kubhekwe okunjengezihlunga ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukugezwa ngezixazululo ezibuyisela umthamo we-oxidative (Potassium Permanganate Solution). Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngendlela yokuhlanza, amakhemikhali ayingozi ahlangana ohlelweni lwendle, ngakho-ke kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kuphela uma kukhona indawo ephakathi nendawo.
Ukususwa kokungcoliswa kwemishini, i-manganese, ama-microorganisms, umoya-mpilo
Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi okunzima, ukudicilela phansi kwamagesi ancibilikile, ukudonswa kwayo, ukuhlanza kompango, ukuthambisa kanye nokubulala amagciwane amanzi.
Ukususa ukungcoliswa kweqembu lesithathu (isihlabathi, i-Peat Fibers, i-Phyto ne-Zooplankton, ubumba olungajulile, ukungcola, izinto eziphilayo, njll.) Ngokungcola okunamandla kakhulu, izihlungi zengcindezi ezinokulayishwa okunama-rarty (isihlabathi se-quartz, i-claymzite, i-carbon eyenziwe yasebenza, i-anthracite).
Isici esicacile kakhulu sokuba khona kukaManganese kungukutholwa okumnyama. Ukuhlanza kwalo akuvamile kudlule i-2 mg / l, kepha lapho kugxilwe ku-0.05 mg / l, i-manganese ingabekwa ezindongeni zamapayipi, zibavike kancane kancane. Imvamisa, ama-manganese ancibilikisiwe emanzini kanye nehadiwe, ukuze amadili avela ngokuhleka kwamanzi ngasikhathi sinye. Izihlungi ezinama-ion Exchange Remins zisetshenziselwa ukususa i-manganese.
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Ukukhipha amagciwane amanzi, okungukuthi, ukususwa kwamagciwane, amagciwane, ama-microorganisms alula kakhulu, i-ozonation, i-chlorination, kanye nokufakelwa ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet nge-wavelength ka 200-300 NM.
Ukuhlanza okunzima, ukubulawa kwegciwane le-realent kanye nesithulu, ukuthambisa amanzi, ukuqedwa kwe-chlorine ngokweqile kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi okuthonya, ukuqeda ukuhlanza okuhle.
Indlela ye-Ultraviolet irradiation yindlela ephephe kunazo zonke yokubulala amagciwane phakathi kwalokhu okungenhla, ngoba ayithinti ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, ukushaya ama-microorganisms anonya kuphela. Ukubulawa kwamagciwane kwamanzi kusetshenziswa ukufakwa kwe-UV kwenzeka ngemizuzwana embalwa.
Umsebenzi wokugqwala kwamanzi uncike kakhulu ebukhoneni be-oksijini obuchithwe kulo. Izinga le-oxygen encibilikisiwe ukuze uhlelo oluvaliwe futhi oluvuthayo lokushisa luyafana futhi luyabiza ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-0,05 mg / cubic. Ukunciphisa okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo emanzini, kusetshenziswa izilungiselelo zekholomu namakholomu.
Ukuze i-oksijini ayifaki izinhlelo zokushisa ngezinye izindlela (ngomoya), udinga ukulandela ubuqotho obuphelele kanye nokuqina kohlelo futhi ungakugcwalisi ngokushesha, njengoba kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-Air Traffic Jams. Uma amashubhu avela ezintweni ezivumayo egesi, ngokwesibonelo, kusetshenziswa i-polyethylene noma i-polypropylene, kufanele ivikelwe yisendlalelo sokulwa nokufakwa kwe-aluminium.
Ukuwasha uhlelo lokushisa kusuka esikalini
Ukuhlanza okunzima kanye nokufafaza wonke amanzi, ukuthambisa amanzi, ukuqedwa kwe-chlorine ngokweqile kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi we-chlorine, ukubulawa kwamagciwane e-ultraviolet.
Ukulungiselela okufanele kwamanzi ngezinhlelo zokufudumeza kufaka phakathi: Ukuhlanza imishini ngokumelene nokungcola, ukunciphisa, ihlane, ukususwa kwamanganezi futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukubulawa kwamagciwane kanye nokudlalisa. Ukuze ugcwalise uhlelo lokushisa, amanzi ancishisiwe afanelekile, akhungathekile, thaia noma imvula. Amanzi okushisa anokugqwala kanye nama-scale vitors athengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile. Kuhle ngoba akudingi ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokugcwalisa uhlelo lokushisa.
Ukulungiswa kwamanzi ngokuphelele akususi isidingo sokulandela uhlelo lokushisa, ikakhulukazi endlini yangasese. Ngokuwohloka okubonakalayo kwikhwalithi yokusebenza kwamabhethri okushisa, kwenziwa uhlelo lokuwasha. Amanzi ahlangana kulokhu, ama-radiator adilizwayo. Ngaphansi kokugeza kumbozwe ngama-rags, umgodi wendle umbozwe nge-mesh ukuze izingcezu ezibizelwe ezibizelwe ngeke zifike lapho. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-radiator enama-plugs asusiwe ilethwa endlini yokugezela.
Ukugcwaliswa kwenziwa nge-hose eguquguqukayo, kususa ukuthambisa okugeza kungakwazi. I-radiator ngesikhathi sokugeza kufanele ivulwe ngezikhathi ezithile. I-Metal Bar isetshenziselwa ukukhipha izingcezu ezinkulu zesilinganiso. Ukuqedwa okugcwele lapho izingcezu zesikali namanzi ziphela ukugeza i-radiator namanzi asobala.