Izinhlelo zokushisa emizini yabantu nasemafulethini zidinga ukugcwala ngezikhathi ezithile. Efulethini lezakhiwo zalo msebenzi, abasebenzi bemisebenzi yomphakathi babandakanyeka ekugcwalisekeni kwalo msebenzi, futhi abanikazi bezindlu ezizimele kufanele benze ngokuzimela noma abangochwepheshe beqembu lesithathu. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza ohlelweni lokushisa, izinhlayiya ezihlukene ezincane ziyawa, ezilungiselelwe amabhethri, amapayipi kanye ne-boiler. Ngaphandle kokugcwala, lezi zinhlayiya zizoqongelela futhi zihlangene, ezizoholela ekuqhekekeni kokushisa namapayipi, ukuphazamiseka kokusakazwa kwamanzi ohlelweni lokushisa, okukhishwa kohlelo lokushisa. Ukuvimbela zonke lezi zinkinga, ukugeza ngezikhathi ezithile kohlelo lokushisa kuyadingeka. Ngaphambi kokugeza uhlelo lokushisa ngezandla zakho, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda imithetho nezici zalo msebenzi.
Umdwebo wokugezwa kwaphakade kwe-hydropneumatic sohlelo lokushisa.
Ukugeza amapayipi ohlelweni lokushisa: Kungani kudingeka?
Ukuhlanza uhlelo lokushisa kahle, kufanele wazi ukuthi kungani lokhu kugeza kwenziwa.
Ubuchwepheshe bamapayipi okushisa wohlelo lokushisa lulula impela, ngakho-ke, ukubuka imithetho ethile, ungenza konke ngokwakho.
Amapayipi okugeza kanye nezinye izingxenye zohlelo lokushisa ayadingeka ezimweni lapho uhlelo lokushisa olungagezwanga isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-5-10 lusebenza kahle kakhulu ngenani elikhulu le-magnesium ne-calcium usawoti ngokushisa izindonga zamapayipi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ungqimba lwe-sediments ngobukhulu obungu-1 mm wehlisa ukudluliswa okushisa ngokushisa cishe nge-10%, ngokushesha okuthinta ngokushesha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusetshenziselwa ukufudumeza kanye nogesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudlula kwamapayipi kohlelo lokushisa ngesilinganiso kanye nama-sediments kuholela ekwehlisweni kwezinga lokushisa emakamelweni afudumele.
Umdwebo ojwayelekile wezobuchwepheshe wokugeza uhlelo lokushisa.
Uma kwenzeka ukwenqatshwa kokugcwala okufika ngesikhathi, imiphumela yohlelo lokushisa ingaba yinhlekelele. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukugcwala kwamapayipi ohlelo lokushisa kuyinqubo yokuphoqelelwa. Lobu buchwepheshe benzelwe ukugcina uhlelo lokushisa lusesimweni esifanele isikhathi eside. Ukusebenza okuseqophelweni eliphezulu nokuhlala isikhathi eside kohlelo lokushisa akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokugcwala ngezikhathi ezithile, okuthi, kufanele kwenziwe kahle.
Uma kwenzeka ukwenqaba kokugcwala okufika ngesikhathi, uhlelo lokushisa kungenzeka futhi ukubhujiswa kwemishini ebizayo yephuzu lokushisa kungenzeka, kuze kube yilapho defrost of the horting system ebusika, okugcina kuholela Kuhlelo olungenzi lutho lokushisa nokulahleka okubalulekile kwezezimali, ukuncipha kokuncipha kwemishini inqubo yokuvimbela amapayipi, njll. Kungakho imithetho yokusebenza kohlelo lokushisa ilawulwa ukuqinisekiswa kwayo okuphoqelekile.
Kungani amadiphozi akhiwa ezindongeni zamapayipi ohlelo lokushisa?
Umqhubi ophambili wokushisa amanzi. Nguye omele isizathu esiyinhloko sokungcoliswa kohlelo lokushisa. I-sludge, eyakhiwe ngosawoti wamanzi anzima noma izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu, iba sculpt, i-sediment eqinile. Ukucula ezindongeni zangaphakathi zamapayipi ohlelo lokushisa, ukukala kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kohlelo lokushisa.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ama-Mercury Counters: Izinhlobo, Izici, Izici
Uhlelo lokugeza uhlelo lokushisa.
Ungqimba oluwugqinsi lwesilinganiso lubonakala ngezakhiwo eziphakeme zokufakwa okushisayo, i.e. kuvimbela ukushintshana kokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikali siqinisa izinqubo zemishini yokugqoka kwepayipi nezinye izinto zohlelo lokushisa.
Kungakho imithetho yokusebenza kokufudumala ikhombisa isidingo sokufeza umsebenzi ohlukahlukene we-prophylactic, isamba esingenakuqhathaniswa sawo ageza.
Ukugeza uhlelo lokushisa: Ungathola kanjani isikhathi esifikile ngasiphi isikhathi?
Kunezici eziningi, ngakho kungaqondakala ukuthi isikhathi sokugeza uhlelo lokushisa sesifikile:
- Ama-radiator wokushisa afudumele ngokungalingani. Njengomthetho, phezulu kwebhethri kufudumele, kuyilapho phansi kubanda;
- Lapho kufudumeza i-buting boiler, kuzwakala ukuqhekeka kwesimo ngenxa yongqimba oluwugqinsi;
- Izakhiwo zifudumeza isikhathi eside kunalokhu okudingekayo ngaphambili;
- Amandla ancishisiwe we-boiler;
- izindleko ze-coolont zinyuka kakhulu;
- Ngamapayipi ebhethri ashisayo ahlala ebanda.
Imithetho evuthayo yohlelo lokushisa ihlinzeka ngamathuba okusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanza amakhemikhali nezinto zomzimba. Izindlela ezibonakalayo zifaka ukungangeni manzi ne-hydropulse flushing, okudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile - i-compressor. Indlela yamakhemikhali yokugeza ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene eziqeda ukubekwa kwesigaxa nesilinganiso.
Umdwebo wamapayipi afushane wamakhemikhali.
Ukuhlanza uhlelo lokushisa ngokwakho, lungiselela amathuluzi adingekayo:
- Ukhiye wokwakha;
- chisel;
- izikhala;
- I-Basin;
- isikhafu;
- Izimali ezikhethwe ngokuya ngendlela yokugeza (i-compressor noma indawo yokususa isikali).
Ukugcwala kohlelo lokushisa ngengxubevange edonsa amanzi kanye ne-biopreparuavetion
Isisekelo sale ndlela ukuhlanzwa kwamashubhu wokushisa ngengxube edonsa amanzi futhi umoya ocindezelwe. Imithetho nobuchwepheshe balula. Umoya ocindezelwe unikezwa ohlelweni lokushisa, amahlumela awo anamanzi aphakamisa usawoti, ukugqwala, i-nagar, isihlabathi nezinye izimbotshana. Ukuphoqelelwa okwengeziwe komoya kubonisa i-sludge kusuka kumapayipi ohlelo lokushisa, kungavumeli ukuthi ihlale ezindongeni.
Ukubheka imithetho nobuchwepheshe bokuwasha okunjalo, unganwebeka impilo yohlelo lwakho iminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanze inethiwekhi eshisayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ngaphandle kokukhipha izibhamu namabhethri.
Umdwebo ojwayelekile wamapayipi okugcwala amakhemikhali.
Amapayipi okugeza ama-Heating Systems nge-Biospresparuations yindlela esebenza kahle futhi enobungane bemvelo, imithetho nobuchwepheshe obubandakanya ukwethulwa kwezidakamizwa ze-microbiologiological ohlelweni lokushisa.
Ukujikeleza ngamapayipi ohlelo, amalungiselelo okuzalwa ahlukanise i-organic, udaka olunamafutha namadiphozithi aqinile. Imithetho nobuchwepheshe bendlela le ndlela ayinikezi nge-disaskely noma ukuvala umlomo. Elinye iphuzu elihle kuleli cala ukuphepha kwabahlanza banamuhla bezinhlelo ezindala.
Ukugeza uhlelo lokushisa ngokusebenzisa ama-pneumohydrogen namakhemikhali
Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ukugcwala amasistimu wokushisa amadala. Imithetho nobuchwepheshe bokwenza umsebenzi onjalo kuhlinzekela umthelela ohlelweni lweDrum Hydraulic, oludlulela ngohlelo ngejubane le-1200 m / s futhi lishaye amabakaki ekukhamuleni nase-sludge. Izindonga zama-radiator namapayipi, ngenkathi zingabhujiswanga, ngoba Azinawo ngaphezu kwe-2% yamandla aphelele womthelela we-wave, kanye nokuwa kwe-98% okusele kuma-deposits ahlukahlukene, abhujisiwe futhi akhishwe ngomkhono oguqukayo ohlelweni lwendle.
Isihloko ngesihloko: ukukala kanjani umnyango wokungena: Ukukhetha kwe-canvase yomnyango
Ukubheka imithetho ye-hydrotreaty, kungenzeka ukuthi kuncishiswe kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza, ngoba Asikho isidingo sokushintsha amapayipi nama-radiator.
Amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene wamakhemikhali avumela ukuhlanza futhi ahlanze amapayipi, ama-risers kanye nezinye izindawo zohlelo lokushisa olune-reagents ngokususelwa kuma-organic nase-inorganic acid. Le ndlela yokugcwala kwamakhemikhali ibhekwa njengenye yezomnotho, futhi ihlanganisa hhayi izindawo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezindawo ezinzima zokuthola amandla.
Scheme of Heat Exchanger.
Endabeni yokusebenzisa ama-reagents anjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imithetho yokusebenzisa kwabo, okuvame ukunikezwa kwiphakheji. Kwezobuchwepheshe kusho ukuthi ukuqeda ngokuphelele iminonjana yesikali nokugqwala ohlelweni lokushisa amahora angama-5 ukuya kwezingu-10.
Kodwa-ke, imithetho yokusebenzisa imali enjalo ikhombisa isidingo sokulinganisa isimo semishini yokushisa. Isimo somzimba sama-radiator namapayipi, izinga lokugqoka, ukushuba kodonga - la mapharamitha kumele ahlolwe kahle ngengozi yokulimala kwamakhemikhali, ukwakheka kwawo, njengomthetho, kufaka phakathi i-hydrochloric acid.
Cabanga ngeqiniso lokuthi nokwenza yonke imithetho yokufaka uhlelo lokushisa, awukwazi ukufeza umphumela owufunayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yokungcola okukhulu ikakhulukazi, kudingeka ukuhlanzwa okuphelele, imithetho yazo iphakamisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela eziningana ezahlukahlukene.
Izici zokugeza okuvuthayo kwe-exchanger yokushisa
Uma i-Heat Exchanger ingcoliswe kakhulu noma yehluleke ngokuphelele, ukugcwala okuvuthayo kungasiza. Imithetho nobuchwepheshe bokugeza okuvuthayo kulula kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa i-exchanger yokushisa, susa wonke amapuleti, sizithobe kwikhambi elikhethekile, faka iphakethe ngalinye ngesandla, faka iphakethe lamapuleti emshinini wokushisa. Emva kwalokho, i-Exchanger Exchanger iyahamba futhi icindezelwe.Ukubheka imithetho yalo msebenzi, uzothola izinzuzo eziningi:
- Ukugeza okuvuthayo okuvuthayo kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu;
- Noma yikuphi ukungcola kuqedwa;
- Konke kwenzeka ngokubonakalayo, futhi ungabona yonke inqubo yomsebenzi.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona ababi abangeke bagwemeke, babone yonke imithetho yomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke, uma ngabe ukushisa kwakho kusebenze ukugqokwa, ezimweni ezibucayi, noma impilo yezimpawu zenjoloba yaphela, kungenzeka ukuthi ushintshe ukubeka uphawu kokushisa, okuzoholela ekwandeni kwezindleko nesikhathi somsebenzi.
Njengomthetho, ubuchwepheshe bokushisa obungenhla bokushisa obukhulunywe ngenhla okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla buhluke ekukhetheni indlela ethile yokuhlanza amapuleti edivayisi ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwayo. Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezimbalwa eziphambili:
- Endabeni yokugcwala okuvuthayo, kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukususa ukungcoliswa ngejet lamanzi kusuka kumathuluzi akhethekile aphezulu wengcindezelo;
- Uma kukhona amadiphozithi ambi kakhulu, okokuqala udinga ukuhlanza amapuleti okushisa asuka engxenyeni ephezulu yokuqamba kwe-sediments usebenzisa isixazululo esiphezulu se-apulaatus, bese uwafaka futhi lapho i-applatus ephezulu yengcindezi igingqika lapho i-applatus ephezulu yengcindezi igingqika.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Sikhiqiza ukugcotshwa kwe-balcony endlini yochungechunge lwe-P-44 noma i-P-44T
Izici zokugezwa okungaphekiwe kokushibilika kwabashisi bokushisa
Ukuvimbela nokuvuselelwa kokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokufudumeza, kusetshenziswe i-bandwash, imithetho yazo efaka ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile eyenzelwe ukufutshana okucatshangwayo. Le ndlela isetshenziswa womabili ama-exchanger aqediwe wokushisa nokuthengisa.
Phakathi kokubi kwale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa iqiniso lokuthi uma i-Heat Exchanger ivalwe ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokufaka (izinhlayiya ze-sludge ngemuva kokushiswa kwamapayipi, njll.), Umthelela wokugeza ngokushisa ngeke uphumelele ngokwanele , noma ngabe yonke imithetho igcwaliseka. Futhi inzuzo, eqinisweni, ukuthi akudingekile ukuhlukaniselana i-Exchanger yokushisa.
Ukwakheka kwe-exchanger yokushisa.
Ukulimala kwamakhemikhali kwenziwa kusetshenziswa idivaysi ekhethekile. Le divayisi ivumela ukuhlanzwa kwamakhemikhali kwe-welded, sollellar noma i-lamellar ukushisa ukushisa. Ngaphandle, kuyithangi elenziwe ngeplastiki elinamandla elinamanzi aphezulu ahlomele ngento eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nephampu yokubuyisela emuva. Ngesikhathi sokugeza, ngokwesibonelo, ipuleti yokushisa eshintshana ngale divayisi ixhumeke ngokuhlukile kwiyunithi yeyunithi ngokusebenzisa izimbobo zokukhipha.
Ngaphakathi kwedivayisi uqobo, kwinqubo yokusebenza kukhona okokuhlanza okukhethekile okwenziwe ngesisekelo sezengezo ze-organic ne-orthophophoric acid. I-Orthophophoric acid ilungele kahle ukuhlanza kwamakhemikhali nokugeza: Ukuwa ngaphakathi kwe-Heat Exchanger Parlictuit, kuncibilikisa amakhompiyutha avela kuwo. Kanye nalokhu, ngenxa yokuthi esikhandlayo sokuwasha kokugeza amakhemikhali amakhemikhali okushisa futhi kufaka phakathi izithasiselo kanye nezithasiselo ze-organic, akubangeli ukulimala kwamapuleti wokushisa.
Ngemuva kokuthi wonke isikali sichithwe, isixazululo se-detergent kumele sikhishwe ngezimbobo zokuhlanza, futhi sihlanze i-exchanger yokushisa ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukulungele ukusebenzisa futhi.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje, uma ulandela yonke imithetho yokuqalisa kwayo, inezinzuzo eziningi, okungukuthi:
- Amandla okwenza umsebenzi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka noma ngokulungiswa okuhlukanisayo kohlelo lokushisa nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kufaka phakathi inkathi yokushisa;
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo amakhemikhali anobungani nezemvelo kuhlinzeka ngezimo zokusebenza eziphephile;
- Ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kanye nokukhiqizwa kokusebenza okuphezulu;
- Ukugcwaliseka kwalo lonke i-Contocking of Seber ngekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuhlanza amasistimu wokushisa nezinhlelo zokushisa, izidakamizwa zesimanje zisetshenziswa zikwazi ukuqeda ama-ferrous kanye ne-carbonate sediments kusuka kuma-alloys ethusi kanye nensimbi, futhi i-inhibitor ekhona ekwakhiweni kwawo ivimbela umphumela onolaka we-hydrochloric acid. Izinto ezisebenzayo ekwakhiweni kwe-ejenti yokuhlanza zisheshisa inqubo yokugcwala, okuvumela ukuthi ususe ngokushesha ngisho nokudilizwa okuminyene. Abasakazi bavimbela ukubekwa kabusha kwezimali ezihlanjiwe (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokujikeleza okuhlanjiwe), kanye nengxenye yokulwa kwe-inflation ayivumeli ukuthi kusetshenziswe kabusha isisombululo sokusebenza futhi kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kokubiziwe. "Izindawo ezifile", zikuvumela ukuba uhlanze ngokuphelele izindawo zamapayipi okushisa.