Isithombe
Esikhathini esihlotshiswe kahle sokhuni, ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi emvelo kwenza kube ngcono futhi kube mnandi ukunambitha kunangemva kokucutshungulwa kwesitshalo sokwelashwa kwamanzi. Umthombo onjalo utholakala unomphela futhi ungasebenza njengenketho yokubhuka ngokwehluleka ekuhlinzekeni kwamanzi okuzimele noma ezizimele.
Ukudweba kahle kokhuni.
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezi-3 eziphambili ezitholakala ekujuleni kwendawo kusuka ebusweni: i-rogir, inhlabathi ne-artesian. Umgibeli wenzeka ekujuleni okuncane, akahlanzwa ngokuphelele ekungcoleni futhi angeke asetshenziswe njengamanzi okuphuza. Amanzi ase-Artesian atholakala ngokujulile, umthombo onesithukuthezi ngaphambi kwabo uthela amanzi ebusweni bamandla adonsela phansi. Ngokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi endaweni yezwe, amanzi aphansi komhlaba kufanelekile.
Umklamo omuhle wokuzifaka esitsheni
Uhlobo lomthombo ovaliwe luncike ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi okudingekayo. Uma izinga lokugeleza lincane, amanzi azoqala ukuqina nokubola. Ukumba nokuhlomisa kahle ngezandla zakho ngezidingo ngazinye, kungcono ukukhetha uhlobo lwemayini.
Ngokuthathwa kwamanzi amancane, kukhethwa kahle ngokhuni lohlobo olungaphelele. Ukungeniswa kwamanzi kuleli cala kuzohlinzekwa ngesihlungi esingezansi. Imayini ifakwe ku-1/3 ye-aquifer, umsoco ovela kulolu silinganiso ngeke kuncike. Ukuhlelwa kwezihlungi ezindongeni ze-shaft kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kwandise kancane ukugcwaliswa komthombo.
Isikimu soMhlangano Wendlu Ejwayelekile.
Lapho usebenzisa izinkuni zokuqinisa izindonga zekhijolo ye-mine log noma imigoqo ebuthene ebusweni. Idizayini iqalwa emgqonyeni futhi yangabaza e-Aquifer nge-recess yomhlabathi kancane kancane. Imiqhele iyanda kusuka phezulu kwebandla. Ngokuqina kwenhlabathi ehlukene kanye nobunzima bokuhamba kwezinkuni obusafufusa, kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela zokwakheka.
Irisidi lamanzi kufanele lifakwe isihlungi esingezansi. Nge-disolument eqinile ye-aquifer (entanta) ngaphambi kokuhlela isihlungi esingezansi, amabhodlela avuswa ngamabhodi ngokulondolozwa kwama-slots noma ngezimbobo ezomile.
Umthombo owakhelwe kahle kufanele ube nokujula kokungabi ngaphezu kwe-15 m. Ngokujula okukhulu, ukukhulisa inhlabathi kuzoba nzima. Imayini enokujula okungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-5 kungenzeka ukungena emanzini angaphezulu komhlaba angcolise amanzi asamanzi aphambili.
Ubukhulu obuguqukayo bezimayini bamukelwa kuphela ngenxa yezizathu zokusebenziseka kalula emishini yazo futhi banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha nezindleko zabasebenzi. Indawo yomthombo, i-Ackaly ayithinti ukwanda kokugeleza kwamanzi. Ingxenye yamuva yezindaba eziphansi kuphela lapho umthombo unikwa amandla ngezikhiye ezikhuphuka. Ekuhlanzeni okuhle kakhulu komthombo onjalo, izinga lokugeleza liyanda. I-ORETAMP yemayini ingusayizi wamaqembu 0.8-1.2 m, amapharamitha anjalo azovumela ukusetshenziswa kweThuluzi leTramp Manual futhi kungakhiqizi inhlabathi eyeqile.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Yini engcono: plywood noma ipulangwe?
Ukukhetha indawo yomthombo
Ukukhetha okuhle kwendawo ukufaka umthombo.
Ukuze ungagcini umthombo, kubalwa ngenhlanhla, kungcono ukuxhumana nensizakalo yendawo ye-hydrogeological, lapho ungathola khona imininingwane ngezinhlobo zenhlabathi esizeni, ukujula kokuvela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Uma kunemithombo ezindaweni eziseduzane, mayelana namapharamitha azo nekhwalithi yamanzi kungacelwa omakhelwane.
Ukuzethemba okuphelele ekusebenzeni kahle kokusebenzisa ukwakhiwa okuzayo, ukumba kahle ukuhlolwa kwenziwa. Akunconyelwe ukuhlomisa kahle uma umhlaba osesiteyeni uxhaxha. Kungenzeka ukuthola ngokuthembekile mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa amanzi avela endaweni ekhona endaweni yemithombo yokuphuza kungaba seSanepidemptancy yesifunda.
Umthombo kufanele ususwe ezingxenyeni ze-septic, umquba, izakhiwo zemfuyo neminye imithombo yokungcoliswa okungenani okungenani engama-20 m. Ungayithuli ogwini lwamachibi nemithambeka yezindawo zokugcina. Ukusuka ezakhiweni zezimali esizeni, umthombo kufanele ususwe okungenani nge-5 m.
Ama-Earthworks asetshenziswe kangcono ehlobo noma ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba liyindawo ephansi kakhulu, evame ukuba pums them ngesikhathi sokumba imayini ngeke idingeke. Ukube bekukhona sekwephuzile entwasahlobo, kufanele ulinde inyanga ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa ekunciphiseni okwenele kwe-aquifer.
I-Welder Sirway Yakha ubuchwepheshe
Ukuxhumeka komdwebo ekhoneni kwelogi le-paw.
Ukwakha ilogi, kufanele ulungiselele amathuluzi:
- I-Benzo- noma i-Electric Saw, Hacksaw;
- izembe, chisel, isando;
- UBhabhele noTesl;
- I-Plumb, i-roulette kanye nezinga.
Izindlu zamalogi zithatha ukwakheka kwesikwele, kaningi kuno-1 × 1 m. Izinkuni zekhabethe lelogi zikhethwe ngesisekelo sendawo yezingodo ezihlobene nama-log. Okuqukethwe okungaphezu kwamanzi kutholakala kalula ekubolekeni kunokwakheka kukho. Kungcono ukuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezihlukile zehlathi. Izingxenye zemikhumbi kufanele zenziwe ngophayini, i-willow noma i-aspen, elenga phezu kwengqimba yamanzi - kusuka ku-larch, kusuka elm, i-alder noma i-moraine oki. Ngale nhlanganisela yezinto ezibonakalayo, umthombo ungasebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
Izingodo ze-Oak ezidlulise inqubo yokugcwalisa, engxenyeni engaphansi kwamanzi emthonjeni kungenzeka zingageli ngaphezulu kwalelikhulu leminyaka. Kepha ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa okucacisiwe, umuthi uzonikeza ukunambitheka okumunyu futhi ushintshe umbala unsundu. Ezinye izinhlobo zokhuni zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zithinta ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Ukhuni kufanele lube ngqo, luncishwe amathuba. Kumalogi asetshenzisiwe, akufanele kube nezindawo ezithinteke ngokubola noma izinambuzane. Amagxolo ngaphambi kokuqopha i-log kubhekwa. Ukucubungula okuqukethwe ngama-antiseptics noma ezinye izingoma zokuvikela akunconywa.
Isikimu sesango sokhuni.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Amathiphu wokukhanyisa okulungile kwe-balcony eKhrushchev
Ukuze uthole ukuhlelwa komthombo, izingodo zisetshenziswa ngobubanzi obungu-18-20 cm, iziqu ezinkulu zihanjiswa kanye. ISpiele ibekwe ngaphakathi kwelogi. Umhlangano wesifunda wenziwa kuqala ebusweni. Uma ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwemayini kuhleliwe, imiqhele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili nasendaweni.
Emakhoneni okusikwa, izakhi zixhumeke ku-paw ngaphandle kwensali. I-fastener yenziwe ngosayizi ongu-10 cm ngosayizi obheke mpo. Ngamandla e-Design, umqhele oseduze ubopha amabakaki, ahlangana emakhoneni anemigoqo. Maphakathi nodonga ngalunye ngesikhathi sokufakwa kusondla amabhodi. Izingodo zenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokucophelela, ngoba akuvunyelwe ukunakekela, i-paklet izothinta ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Ukuqinisa izingodo zemayini
Ngezimayini zedivayisi, umthombo uzodingeka:
- Ama-loms namafosholo (ajwayelekile futhi afinyeziwe);
- I-Sledgehammer, uJack, Winch;
- I-Trenoga, intambo kanye ne-polysaster;
- Amabhakede kanye nezikali zokususwa komhlaba kanye ne-sludge;
- Umthamo wenhlabathi;
- Intambo noma izitebhisi zamandla;
- mpompo wokumpompa amanzi;
- itshe lokuqwashisa noma elichotshoziwe;
- Ubumba olomile lwe- "Clay castle".
Umdwebo wophahla wempilo.
Ukuqinisa isisusa se-shaft kwenziwa ngobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, kuya ngesakhiwo sezendlalelo zenhlabathi..
Intaba oyifunayo yenziwa ekujuleni okudingekayo kwemayini engaphezu kuka-6 m. Ebusweni besayithi elikhethiwe, isemayini esizayo somthombo simakwe. Ekuqaleni, ukuhoxiswa komhlaba kwenziwa nge-1.5-2 m. Ingxenye yenziwa ngengxenye nenani lomqhele ekujuleni kokuqala. I-protRusion engenhla ingaphezulu kwenziwa ngemiqhele emi-3-4. Ku-lumen yemayini ngobunono ezindlini eziqoqiwe, hhayi ukuvumela ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi kusuka ezindongeni.
Phansi kujule cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30, ngaphansi kohlaka, inhlabathi isuswa phakathi nodonga, kepha ishiywe emakhoneni. E-niche yomqhele ophansi, ukusekelwa kufakiwe (i-wedge lining). Lapho-ke inhlabathi ikhethiwe ngaphansi kwamakhona. Ukuxhaswa kungqongqozwa ngaphandle futhi ibhokisi liyalungiswa ngokufana. Njengoba izimayini zijuliswa ngenhla kungu-tripod one-polyaste ukwenza lula ukukhulisa inhlabathi ekhiqizwayo. Ukuze umhlangano ofanele we-Log Over The My kwezinye izikhathi, uhlaka lwezingodo luyakhiwa, i-polyspaster inamathiselwe endaweni ephakeme nge-1.5 m ngaphezulu komhlaba.
I-sediment ye-bar ikhiqiza ama-sledgehaft ngokusebenzisa izingodo ezakhiwe. Ukuze indlu ye-log ilele phansi emayini ibe lula, esisekelweni sayo kwesinye isikhathi isicathu esikhethekile esinommese wokusika sibekwe. Okulandelayo, ukujula okulandelanayo kwemayini nokunwetshwa kwemigqa engenhla yemiqhele yenziwa. Amanzi agelezayo apendwe ngamabhakede, futhi anciphise umqhele ophansi uyaqhubeka.
Uhlelo lwedivaysi elungiselelwe kahle.
Lapho i-adquifer ifinyelelwa, imayini izogcwalisa kancane ngamanzi anodaka. Ukhiphe ipompo, futhi umnyuzi upeyishwe ngamabhakede. I-Log House yehliswa ngaphambi kokuvela kwamandla wamanzi angavumeli ukukhishwa okwengeziwe.
Ngemuva komsebenzi ekuqothulweni kwe-shaft barrel kanye nokususwa kwamanzi aqoqiwe kufakwe isihlungi esingezansi. Phansi kuqondaniswe futhi kulale ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi (20-30 cm). Isihlungi sakhiwa kusuka kuzingqimba ezi-3 ze-Rubble noma i-FRIVER ALERT. Izendlalelo ziboshwe ngo-15-20 cm ngokwanda kwezingxenyana kusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Ubukhulu bezingcezwana bukhuphuka ngesendlalelo ngasinye cishe izikhathi ezi-6.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Yini okufanele uyenze uma amanzi esitsheni sendlu yangasese ihlala isichichima
Eminye imicimbi yokufaka isonto emayini
Uma ukungcola kwesakhiwo kwenza kube nzima, ukufuya kwanelisekile emqheleni ophezulu futhi imithwalo enkulu iboshwe. Uma ibhokisi lehluleka ukunqotshwa ukujula okufiselekayo, ukunwetshwa okwengeziwe kwemiqhele kukhiqizwa emayini kusuka emayini kusuka phezulu kuya phansi kusuka emaphethelweni aphansi okusikiwe.
Ama-Crown angezwe ngezansi enziwa ngezingodo ezinde, anciphise ama-niches akhethekile akhethekile (Pecheura). I-collateral ifakwe njalo emiqhele ye-4-5 yemiqhele, iziphetho zezingodo ezimbili (iminwe) ePecheura 0.5 m. Imiqhele ebekwe ngale ndlela ayinikezi ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo ngenhlamvu yenhlabathi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuqinisa ingxenye yomgqomo oshiywe ngaphambi kwe-aquifer, ibhokisi liyavela emabhodini aminyene.
Uma ukujula okudingekayo komthombo kwaziwa kusengaphambili futhi akudluli ama-5 m, ukunwetshwa komqhele kungenziwa kusuka phansi kwemayini.
Lobu buchwepheshe busebenza uma izindonga ze-squm ziqine futhi umthamo wokugeleza kwamanzi kukuvumela ukuthi ufake. Umthombo usheshe ekujuleni okugcwele, imibhede ibekwe phansi - ipendiwe eceleni kwelogi. Amabhodi athungwa ngaphezulu, futhi umhlangano wamadlelo uqala phezu kwabo.
Ngokujula okungathandeki komthombo, ikhabethe le-log linamathiselwe ukufakwa ngaphezulu kwefreyimu shaft futhi lilenga ngaphezu kokuphakama endaweni eyi-1 m. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize i-Recess Free. Ngezimo ezithile ze-hydrogeologiology, indawo kunesidingo sokuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi kusuka ku-ror. Ukuze ulondoloze ubumsulwa bamanzi ethomuni lamanzi, izindonga zangaphandle zokusika zihlekisa ngamabhodi ekhanda.
Ibhodi lekhanda lakhiwa ngokuphakama kwe-0.6-0.8 m ngaphezu komhlaba. Inqaba yobumba ibekwe nxazonke kuye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umsele we-0,5 m no-1 m ngokujulile ukumba ekhanda. Ibhulakufesi lekhonkolo eliqinisiwe lenziwa ngaphezulu kokhiye ukuvimbela isikhunta namanzi emvula ukungena entweni yami. ISango lifakiwe ekuphakamiseni ibhakede, umthombo uhlome ngamabhodlela ama-2.
Ukuvikela ukwakhiwa komhlaba wonke, i-canopy ephindwe kabili elenga ku-0.5 m ohlangothini ngalunye lokusikiwe. Ungakha isakhiwo esivaliwe ukuvikela umthelela wasemkhathini.
Ukwakha kahle ngezandla zakho, kufanele ulungiselelwe izimo ezahlukahlukene zokuziqhenya ezihlotshaniswa nezakhiwo ezikhethekile zezendlalelo zenhlabathi. Uma inkinga ingaxazululwa ngosizo lolwazi olutholakalayo, kungcono ukuxhumana nochwepheshe. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhelwa ekuphepheni kwalolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
