Induduzo yokuba egalaji incike kakhulu ekutheni kwaphansi kwenziwa kahle. Kufanele ihlale isikhathi eside, ethembekile, umswakama-imelana. Lezi zidingo aziphenduli izinto eziningi zokwakha. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ngokhonkolo egalaji. Ukuze enze imisebenzi yakhe, kufanele yenziwe kahle. Njengoba - Ngokuningiliziwe, ngezinyathelo esizichaza kule ndatshana.
Ukulungiselela Isisekelo
Phansi ngokhonkolo egalaji kwenza emhlabathini. Kepha imvamisa inhlabathi ngokwayo ayikho isisekelo esinokwethenjelwa ngokwenele futhi iyisisekelo esiminyene, ngakho-ke kudingeka idivaysi eyisisekelo - i-cushion kusuka ku-rubble nesihlabathi. Umsebenzi wokuqala futhi oyimpoqo - ukususwa kwengqimba evundile, kuze kufike enhlabathini emsulwa. I-organic kanye nama-microorganisms asuswa ngongqimba oluvundile, futhi aqukethe ubungako bawo obuncane.
Isigaba sokuqala socingo lwesisekelo sikakhonkolo egalaji - ukususwa kwengqimba evundile
I-Zero Level Mark
Ngenxa yalokho, uvela ukuthi ushaye ukujula okuthile. Izolala itshe elichotshoziwe nesihlabathi, kepha ukuqonda ukuthi ukujula kwawo noma ngokweqile kwanele, kuyadingeka ukuthola izinga le- "zero" lobulili ". Ngendlela elula, uma isitezi silele ngomkhawulo womnyango. Imvamisa bakwenza ngaphansi komkhawulo, kepha-ke kuzofanele ngandlela thile ukwenza ukususwa kwamanzi, futhi nakanjani ngeke kube khona entwasahlobo, ekwindla, ebusika, neqhwa elijabulisayo, - ngokuqinisekile.
Maka ku-perimeter yezindonga ze-FOLOWE ZERO. Kulula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ngomakhi wezindiza (nge-elekthronikhi noma izinga noma izinga). Faka insimbi ukukhombisa indiza evundlile, bonisa ezingeni elifunekayo bese udweba ugongolo.
Nge-Laser Level Work Easy
Uma kungekho zinga le-laser, sebenzisa amanzi. Akukabi lula kangako kuye: kufanele udlulise umaki kaningi kuzo zonke izindonga ezine. Lawa mamaki axhunyiwe ngqo, esikhundleni sombusi, ungasebenzisa izinga le-bubble, ngasikhathi sinye ongalawula ukuthi wonke amamaki asethelwe yini.
Izinga lamanzi kuzodingeka ukuthi lidlulise amamaki kuzo zonke izindonga
Ukubalwa kobukhulu bezendlalelo ze-PGS
Ngenxa yale misebenzi, sinomgodi nophawu lwe-zero floor. Manje usungakwazi ukubala ukuthi yiziphi izingqimba ezishubayo ezidingekayo ukuze uphume ekuphakameni oyifunayo. Kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka kusuka osayizi abanjalo:
- Ubukhulu obuhle bokukhanya kokhonkolo egalaji (uma kunemoto yabagibeli noma ukuthutha okulula) - 10 cm;
- Ubukhulu besendlalelo samatshe esichotshoziwe okungenani 10 cm;
- isihlabathi okungenani singu-5 cm;
Kuvela ukuthi umgodi akufanele ube mncane kuno-25 cm ukujula. Futhi lokhu akunandaba nesembozo esiphansi. Uma uyisisekelo sokhonkolo ukuze uphathe umlayezo noma upende, khona-ke akukho masentimitha angeziwe adingekayo, nganoma iyiphi enye imali ekhonjiwe, engeza ubukhulu obudingekayo.
Isakhiwo sekhonkrithi esiphansi egalaji
Njengoba usuthole isibalo esithile, ungahlela inani lesihlabathi nemfucumfucu. Uma izingqimba zikhulu kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi ulale phansi phansi naphansi (kepha hhayi ungqimba oluvundile). Uma ukujula komgodi akwanele, sithatha inani elithile lokuzala.
Odongeni lwegaraji, ungafaka amamaki lapho ungalawula khona ubukhulu bezendlalelo. Ngobubanzi obuncane begaraji - amamitha ayi-2 noma ngaphezulu - lawa mamaki anele. Uma igalaji libanzi, kuyadingeka ukusetha ezinye izigxobo eziningi phakathi nendawo futhi ziyasebenza nokumaka. Into ethambile, wonke amamaki kumele aqambe amanga endizeni efanayo. Kuyinto elula ukwenza lokhu futhi ngeleveli. Enye indlela ukuthatha ibha yefulethi noma ibhodi, unamathisela kumamaki asetshenzisiwe. Phezulu kubha / Board Beka lelo zinga. Uma konke kusethwe kahle, i-bubble izoba phakathi.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukuphonsa kuphi udoti wokwakha?
Uma uhlela ukwenza umgodi egalaji, yisikhathi sokumba ngaphansi kwalo umgodi. Uma umgodi ungodonga lwezitini, ungathela ngokushesha phansi kokhonkolo kuyo. Ngenkathi uzodonswa ngaphansi kokhonkolo egalaji, uzothayipha umugqa wokuphepha odingekayo futhi kuzokwazi ukubeka izindonga. Bangaxoshwa ngemuva kokuflathi ama-cushion asezingeni eliphansi nesihlabathi.
Izinto zokwakha zokwenziwa
Ngaphansi kokhonkolo ojwayelekile egalaji, kungcono ukungathathi amatshe, kepha itshe elichotshoziwe. Amatshe amatshe, anemiphetho yalo eyindilinga, awusoze wathobela iziqu ezidingekayo. Futhi uma isisekelo ngaphansi kokhonkolo singazinzile, ngisho nokuqhuma kwepuleti okuqinisiwe okuqinisile. Ngakho-ke, ulethe itshe elichotshoziwe, ingxenye ephakathi nencane. Maphakathi ne-60-70%, okusele akujulile.
Umcamelo uqukethe imfucumfucu ehlanganisiwe nesihlabathi
Asikho isidingo esikhethekile sesihlabathi somcamelo wezidingo ezikhethekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi kube ngaphandle kokufakwa kobumba, kepha kungenzeka ukukuqeda ngaphambi kokufaka.
Yenza umcamelo ngaphansi kwesitezi sokhonkolo
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuvumelanisa phansi komgodi. Sisusa ukungahambi kahle, silale ukucindezelwa, sithola izinga eliqonde emkhathizwe. Ungacabangi ukuthi phansi kokhonkolo egalaji kungenziwa ngokwephulwa. Ungenza, kepha khona-ke ukuqhekeka kwesitofu, kufanele uphinde wenze kabusha.
Manje sithatha i-vibroplatfomform (ungaqasha) noma i-manual tamp kanye nenhlabathi ecwebezelayo. Ngesikhathi kwenzeka leli cala, waphinde waqondanisa indiza. Lapho inhlabathi ivaliwe, ungathela imfucumfucu. Balala wonke umthamo ngokushesha - ama-10 cm awavamisile ukubanjwa. Ungqimba oluphezulu lungu-5 cm, kodwa okungcono - 3-4. Silala ingxenye edingekayo, sabalalisa, uvuse (izigebengu) ukufeza cishe ubukhulu obukhulu. Thatha ipulasitiki ethambile noma evuthayo ne-trambam.
Kungcono ukuhlikihla i-vibroplitoy
Le rubble tumbler enesitezi sikakhonkolo egalaji ibaluleke kakhulu - inani elithile lemfucumfucu liqhutshwa emhlabathini. Ngenxa yalokhu, iba mnene ngokwengeziwe, umthamo wokuphatha uyakhuphuka, amathuba okudonswa kwemali ayifakwanga. Ama-tamping abhekwa njengokwanele uma kuza ebusweni, awushiyi amathrekhi. Ngendlela efanayo, yonke imisebenzi yemfucumfucu yemfucumfucu iyalahlwa, iletha ubukhulu obudingekayo.
Etsheni eliqhekeke eliqhekekile lithululela isihlabathi. Ihlukaniswe futhi ibe yizicucu ezingama-2-3 cm. Isici sesihlahla sesihlabathi: kufanele ifakwe umswakama, namanje ithi - Shed. Isihlabathi esimanzi sangena, siphinde sigxile ezingxenyeni ezithile.
Manje unganakekela izindonga zomgodi, uma kunjalo. Ziboniswa ezingeni elinesitezi esihlanzekile noma eliphakeme kancane - ukuze ukwazi ukugeza imoto ngqo egalaji, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi amanzi azowela kuwo.
Ukuvunyelwa kwe-SAmpfer
Phansi kokhonkolo kwenhlabathi kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukuntanta". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwenziwa ngokungathandeki ngezindonga zesakhiwo. Kulokhu, izindonga kanye phansi zingama noma zikhule ngokuzimela komunye nomunye, ngenkathi zigcina ubuqotho.
Ukuze phansi phansi egalaji kusuka kukhonkolo, bekuxhunywe nezindonga, eceleni kwe-perimeter faka itheyiphu yemali (kuthengiswe ezitolo zokwakha) noma uthathe imivimbo emincane yegwebu (ubukhulu be-10 mm). Ububanzi be-band - 12-15 cm - kufanele benze okuncane kokuqedwa kokuqeda phansi. Ukuphakama okwedlulele kwemali bese kugawulwa ku-floss ngephansi.
Itheyiphu ye-wempfer
Isitezi esingangeni manzi ukhonkolo egalaji
Umswakama ukhonkolo ngokwawo ngokwawo awesabi, umswakama owandayo uyingozi emzimbeni womshini, kanye nezinto nemishini ebanzi kakhulu egalaji. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha amandla angenamanzi kuncike ekutheni amanzi angaphansi komhlaba atholakala eduze kangakanani nokuthi angavuka kangakanani ngesizini.
Uma amanzi aphansi komhlaba ephakeme, azikho izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokungena kwamanzi, kepha ukuze zisetshenziswe kwifilimu eliminyene le-polyethylene (density ama-microns angama-250, ungaqiniswa, awukwazi). Kulokhu, ifilimu lidingeka kakhulu ukuze umswakama kusuka kukhonkolo ungangeni esihlabathini, okungenakwenzeka ukuvumela. Ngokuntuleka komswakama, ukhonkolo awutholi amandla adingekayo futhi uzokhubeka.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukuhlola ama-hatch ngaphansi kwethayela - Ukufinyelela okufihliwe kwezokuxhumana
Ukuhlwitha kwamafilimu okuvimbela amanzi
Ngezinga eliphakeme lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kungcono ukuthatha amanzi manye amanzi futhi athembekile - i-hydroizol noma ama-analogues ayo. Kunoma ikuphi, amaphaneli efilimu asakazeka - ancipha ngomunye nomunye ngo-10-15 cm. Ukunciphisa amathuba okungena kwamanzi, amalunga ahlehliswe nge-skotch enezindlela ezimbili, ungaphinda kabili (ekuqaleni kokuhlangana futhi isiphetho).
Ukuvimbela amanzi kuqala ezindongeni, ngenhla kwetheyipu. Lapho ilungiswe okwesikhashana. Ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kokhonkolo futhi ukusetha kwaso kunganqunywa.
Ukuqinisa
Njengoba imithwalo icatshangelwa ukuthi iyisitezi esibi, ukhonkolo egalaji eliqinisiwe. Ngaphansi kwezimoto zabagibeli, ungasebenzisa i-mesh eqediwe kusuka ku-wire of 7-8 mm ububanzi, ubukhulu beseli bungama-15 cm. Ukuthola uhlelo olulodwa lokuqinisa, izingcezu ze-mesh zibekwa komunye nomunye ngeseli elilodwa. Ama-grid amabili abopha enye enezinye ama-clemps epulasitiki noma ngocingo olukhethekile lokugoba.
Ukufakwa emanzini kwamanzi ngegaraji kwenziwa nge-hydroograph, i-mesh eqinisiwe ifakiwe ezitini
Elinye iphuzu - igridi kufanele ibe sezinqikingeni zikakhonkolo, cishe maphakathi. Vele uyibeke kwifilimu izolunga - insimbi ayilonakaliswa ngaphakathi kokhonkolo kuphela uma ukujula okungenani okungama-3 cm. Ukuze phansi kokhonkolo egalaji isikhathi eside futhi akuzange kuqhekeke, Igridi iphakanyiswa ngaphezulu kwamanzi nge-3-6 cm. Kunokusekelwa okukhethekile kwalokhu, kepha kuvame ukusebenzisa ama-halves wezitini. Bane-khulu ka-6 cm. Ukuzifaka ngaphansi kwegridi yokuqinisa ukuze kungakhathazeki kakhulu.
Ukufakwa kweMayakov
Ukuze phansi egalaji kwakukhona, kufanele kuqondaniswe. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu nge-strip ekhethekile ekhethekile, ebizwa ngokuthi "umthetho" (ukugcizelela uhlamvu "kanye" kusuka egameni elihleliwe). Le bar isuselwa kumapulangwe abushelelezi abekwe ezingeni elifunekayo. Babizwa ngamaLunthouse.
Noma yiziphi izinto ezibushelelezi nezinde zingasetshenziswa njengezinkuni. Kungaba amapayipi, imigoqo, izilonda ezikhethekile ezithengiswa ezitolo zokwakha. Kufanele zibekwe kwelinye izinga nge-slab ekhonkolo esetshenziswe ezindongeni.
Babeka amalambu avela odongeni olude, abheke kulowo lapho kuhlelwa khona iminyango (imvamisa kuvela ukuthi odongeni olude). Isinyathelo sokufaka - 25-30 cm vele kunesilinganiso soMthetho. Uma umthetho uneminyaka engu-150 cm ubude, ibanga phakathi kwama-beacons kufanele kube ngu-120-125 cm. Kusuka ezindongeni, okungu-30 cm ukubuyela emuva, bese kubeka enye indawo yokuhlala ebanga kusengaphambili.
Wathulula isikhumba kakhonkolo egalaji ngama-beacons
Imvamisa ifakwe eziqhingini zesisombululo esixubile. Beka isilayidi esiphakeme kancane kunokudingekile, ukukhanya kwelanga kucindezelwe kukho ukuze kusezingeni elifanele.
Lapho ufaka ama-linthousees, kungenzeka ukwenza umthambeka okhanyayo wesitezi sikakhonkolo ubheke eminyango (0.5-1 cm ngemitha ngayinye). Kulokhu, amanzi azodutshulwa kusukela phansi kuya komgwaqo. Vele uqaphele ukuthi ukhonkolo kuleli cala kudinga okuningi - kuyadingeka ukunquma kude nomnyango wamandla phansi, kepha lokhu kunxephezelwa ngokusebenza kalula.
Okwesilanga olulandelayo, ngemuva kokugcwaliswa, ama-beacons ayasuswa, ukungabi nalutho kugcwele isisombululo futhi kuqondanise ngezinga elilodwa ngesitezi esasigcwele ngaphambili.
Ukugcwaliswa kokhonkolo egalaji
Ukhonkolo okhonkolo we-Gentle for Gender egalaji - M250. Izici zalo zingaphezu kokwanele amandla nokumelana nesithwathwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu besitofu bukhulu, noma ngosayizi omncane, igalaji lidinga inani elikhulu lesisombululo. Ake silinganise: egalaji elincane elinezilinganiso ezi-4 * 6 m ngokukhuluphala kokhonkolo, kuzothatha u-4 m * 6 m * 0.1 m = 014 cubic metres. Ngeqiniso lokuthi udinga ukubandlulula, kuzoba ama-3 cubes. Uma ukwenze ngezandla zakho ngosuku olulodwa, udinga ukusebenzisa ama-mixers amabili ukhonkolo - eyodwa ngeke ibhekane. Ngomsebenzi kuzothatha iqembu elihle.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukudonsa okuphahla lweplastiki: Montage ngezandla zakho ngamathayi, ama-gut, amapayipi
Ukuxova ukhonkolo ku-concrete mixer udinga iqembu elikhulu
Isihlanganisi ngasinye sokhonkolo kufanele sime umuntu oyedwa. Lokhu kuhlinzekwa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zishesha futhi zizozilanda na zilandise. Uma izakhi zidinga ukuthathwa - laba bantu ababili. Futhi, amabili kufanele athwale ukhonkolo endaweni yokulala kwayo futhi eyodwa - shesha. Kukhona i-brigade ebonakalayo. Ukwakheka kuzofanele kusebenze usuku lonke. Noma ngabe abasizi bakhululekile, bondle ukuba bondle. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi lokhu kuhlangana kuzosiza ukonga imali ebalulekile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-oda lokuqeda ukhonkolo oliqedile kusuka efektri. Ngaphandle kokuthi usebenze ezandleni eyodwa, uthele phansi ezingxenyeni ezithile. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi, kepha kungasongela imifantu emikhakheni yezingxenye zezingxenye zaphansi, zigcwele ngosuku olulodwa. Kungenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba okuvela kokufakelwa okunjalo uma ususa ubisi lukasimende ngebhulashi lensimbi, elakhiwa ngaphezulu.
Uma uthatha isinqumo soku-oda ukhonkolo ku-mixer, kufanelekile ukufaka i-tray etholayo, ezothumela umfudlana wekhonkolo enkabeni yegaraji. Ukusuka enkabeni kuvele kulula ukusabalalisa kuwo wonke ama-engeli, bese welula umthetho. Ukwenza lula ukuzilibazisa kokhonkolo futhi kwandise uhlobo lwayo, ngokushesha ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa kokhonkolo kokuqala, kucutshungulwa yi-vibrator engaphansi kokhonkolo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-bub Bub Bubble aphuma ngokushesha, ukhonkolo uba ngumanzi othe xaxa futhi ugcwalisa yonke imithambo. Izilonda zizodingeka kuphela ukuqondiswa, futhi mhlawumbe ukuqondanisa okuyingxenye.
-Nokupheka
Ngemuva kokugcwalisa ukhonkolo, uma umgwaqo ungashisi kakhulu, ungavele uvale iminyango yegaraji. Uma kukhona iwindi, kufanele kudonswe ukuze imisebe yelanga ingangeni kukhonkolo. Uma umgwaqo womile futhi ushisa kakhulu, ukhonkolo uhlanganiswa ifilimu le-polyethylene noma i-burlap emanzi.Evikini, i-slab kufanele ibe ngamanzi nsuku zonke. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ku-burlap - kungenzeka ungahlushwa ngokukhethekile ngamajezi amancane ukunisela umngcwabo, futhi uzonikeza umswakama ukhonkolo. Uma phansi kokhonkolo egalaji kuhlanganisa ifilimu, kususwa ngaphambi kokunisela, bese welula futhi. Lapho unisela kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amaconsi ancanyana - udinga i-nozzle enezimbobo eziningi. Kunoma ikuphi, izinga lokunisela - esimweni esimanzi ngokulinganayo (kunqunywa ebusweni obumnyama obumpunga obumnyama), kepha ngaphandle kwama-puddle amakhulu.
Indawo ekhonkolo ekhonkolo egalaji
Kunezindlela ezimbili okukhethwa kukho - faka ama-slabs asevele akhukhula, i-bay ngaphezulu kwe-screed (isakhiwo esilinganisweni esingezansi) noma ukwenza ukufakwa ngokushesha, kukubeka ngaphansi kwepuleti eliyinhloko.
Phansi okufakwe egalaji
Lapho ukhetha okuhlukile kwesibili, ukufakwa kufakwe ngaphezulu kwesendlalelo esingenzi manzi, igridi yokuqinisa ihleliwe kuyo. Yonke le nqubo yokugcwalisa egalaji iyafana, kudingeka kuphela ukubheka ubukhulu bokufakelwa lapho kubalwa ukujula komgodi.
Njenge-heater ngecala elinikezwe, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-polystyrerererererererererenerererene (i-EPPs) enobukhulu okungenani abangama-35 kg / m3. Inezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu, ingamelana nemithwalo esindayo, ayithathi futhi ayivumeli amanzi noma umusi. Ngakho-ke lokhu kubuye kwangezeleleki amanzi.
Ukuzethemba ukuthi kungaphansi kwamasondo, ukufakwa akuthengiswa, kunengqondo ngaphezulu kwayo ukubeka ungqimba lwe-geotextile. Lona ulwelwesi olungelona olungelona olusetshenziswa kudivayisi yemigwaqo emikhulu. Umsebenzi wayo ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo, nje lokho esikudingayo.
Ubukhulu obuncane be-EPP bumba okungenani ama-5 cm, okungcono - 8 cm. Yekani kangcono ngezingqimba ezimbili, lapho ubeka ukuguqula umthungo - ukwahlukanisa phansi emhlabathini ngangokunokwenzeka.