Ukwakha umoya oyingqayizivele weNdlu kungumsebenzi onzima. Yize kunezinto eziningi zokuqeda ukuqeda, ifenisha, izitayela, zonke azihlukile. Futhi ngifuna uqobo lwami, uqobo, uqobo, akekho omunye umuntu. Okuphumayo, kunjalo, kuyinto. Ngisho ezimbili. Owokuqala uku-oda uhlobo oluthile lomkhiqizo womkhiqizo e-Master. Okwesibili ukukwenza kube ngokwakho. Futhi akekho noyedwa oye waqhamuka nomhlobiso ongcono ongaphakathi kunemidwebo, kepha akuyena wonke umuntu ongadweba. Awudingi. Ungenza imidwebo ezintweni ezingejwayelekile. Imisebenzi enjalo nakanjani izohluka futhi ihlukile.
Kusuka kokuzizwa futhi ezizwayo
Singabona kalula imidwebo namaphaneli avela kuzizwe. Ngokuvamile, eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaba kuhle, kanye nemikhiqizo evela kuyo. Izigqoko nezinye izinto ezincane zibona ngokujwayelekile, kepha imidwebo yezizwe ayizwakali. Ngakho-ke ichaza imidwebo ezintweni ezingejwayelekile, ake siqale, mhlawumbe, kuvela. Okokuqala ungenza indawo, izimbali. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ngolwazi ungenza amaphaneli amaningi athakazelisayo.
Le yimidwebo enjalo engajwayelekile ingenziwa ngoboya besebenzisa inqubo yokuhamba.
Ukuze uthole ukuzulazula kusetshenziswa uboya obukhethekile. Lapho wenza imidwebo, ibekelwe izingqimba kanye nesisekelo (i-phlizelin), yakha umdwebo oyifunayo. Lapho wenza izithombe ezivela oboyeni, inqubo yenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Okokuqala, ingemuva liyabekwa, impumuzo, khona-ke yonke imininingwane emincane nencane.
Ukwenza ingemuva
Okokuqala, thatha lezo zithunzi zoboya ezakha ingemuva. Sibabeka ngaphandle kweFlizelin, bezama ukungashiyi wusizo. Kungcono ukwenza izingqimba ezimbili ezincane. Isizinda esiphumela sidluliswa esihlokweni esiseduze kwe-foam rubber (5 cm ubukhulu noma ngaphezulu). Bese uthatha inaliti ekhethekile (yokugcwalisa). Ukubambelela ngokuqondile, kuvame ukubhoboza uboya. Lokhu sikuthola ukuthi kuyaxhuma nesisekelo. Uma ubheka uhlangothi oluphambene lwefliselina, imicu evelele kufanele ibonakale.
Qala ngokwakha ingemuva
Lapho-ke i-workpiece ibekwa ku-polyethylene (ngosayizi Kukhulu kunesithombe ngokwayo), uboya bumanzi ngesosici sensipho (ilitha elilodwa lamanzi ashisayo kungenye yezipuni zezingane ezigayiwe) futhi iqala, inqubo yokuhamba ngokwayo uqobo. Okokuqala, uboya obumanzi bokushwabana izandla (ake sikhanyise phansi, kancane kancane ukucindezela). Imicu yoboya obumanzi iyabamba phakathi kwabo, ukwakha indawo eyodwa inqubo yokuhamba ngezinyawo emanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela ukuthi kuzwakale. Kuphela imidwebo esiyidingayo ukufuna ubuningi obuphezulu. Yeka lapho isisekelo siqinile ngokwanele. Umswakama owengeziwe we-waterfront ngethawula leTerry.
Faka imininingwane emincane
Faka imininingwane
Manje ngemuva udinga ukwengeza imininingwane yokupenda: izihlahla, izimbali, amatshe, njll. Izandla ezomile (ezindizeni zoboya ezimanzi) ukubeka iziqu zezihlahla, izihlahla, amatshe. Ezintweni ezintsha, sihamba kahle ngenaliti, simanzi, safa ngezandla zakho. Ngemuva kwalokho sebenzisa amathuluzi aqinile - i-roller yokhuni. Isithombe esimanzi sinomusa lapho futhi seza lapha nge-PIN egingqa ngokhuni.
Isigaba sokugcina sibeka izakhi ezincane ezivela eboyeni
Lezi zakamuva zibeka imininingwane emincane yevolumetric: izimbali, amafu, amatshe, amagatsha amancanyana, iziqu, amaqabunga ... ukuze zibe izithambeko, zisebenzise ama-petals avela emathangeni. Inqubo iyefana: babeka, isethi yobungcweti (inaliti yadonswa), imanzi, ihlanganisiwe, yasusa izinsalela zoketshezi. Uma into iqinile ngokwanele, ungaphinda inqubo.
Izithombe zemisebenzi: imidwebo yovolo (imizwa)
I-Vase enamajongilanga avela ku-wool - imidwebo evela ezintweni ezingejwayelekile
Ama-Landscapes nawo alungile kakhulu ngendlela yokuhamba
Lezi izinketho
Ama-tulips angu-volumetric. Indlela Eyinkimbinkimbi Eyinkimbinkimbi, Imininingwane eminingi kanye nemicu eminingi
Njengokuphila
Imidwebo yovolo evela eboya ngaphakathi
Ngokukhuphuka kwekhono, ungathathwa futhi ukuthola lelo phrojekthi.
ISumper Summer odongeni
Izithombe / Amaphaneli kusuka kumicu
Okuningi, mhlawumbe indlela ejwayelekile yokwakha imidwebo emibhalweni enemibala yenkohliso. Kepha le yinqubo ebuhlungu kakhulu futhi yesikhathi eside, yize ubuchwepheshe bujabulela. Kepha kukhona nezindlela ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokushesha okukhulu. Lawa amaphethini agcotshwayo wentambo nokwelula (umoya). Ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi le midwebo ezintweni ezingejwayelekile. Kepha amasu ajwayelekile ngokunemba.Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukulungisa nokwakhiwa kwendlu yangasese eKhrushchev (izithombe ezingama-55)
-Ngaboniyo
Izintambo zithatha noma yikuphi, kungenzeka ngokugoba. Izithombe zenza ngesisekelo esinzima: ekhadibhodi, epulasitiki, ingilazi. Ubuchwepheshe obulula. Okokuqala, i-contour yesithombe isetshenziswa esisekelweni. Ekhadinibhodi nasepulasitiki ye-opaque, kudonswa, ku-glass kanye nepulasitiki esobala awukwazi ukudweba, kepha ukubeka phansi umdwebo. Okulandelayo, ukukhiqizwa kuqala:
- I-contour iphuthelwa yi-PVA glue, intambo yombala oyifunayo iyafakwa. Kwezinye izibopho, kuqhathaniswa (kumnyama, ngokwesibonelo), kwabanye - kuya engxenyeni yengxenye.
Ngokusho kwe-contour edonswayo, siqala ukweqa imicu
- Imiphumela ephumayo igcwele imicu. Ungabhekana nesisekelo, faka intambo eyomile ku-glue, ungayithambisa intambo nge-glue bese uyibeka esisekelweni esomile. Kubukeka kukuhle ngokuvunguza. Le ndlela ilungile uma iyingxenye ye-hull, ingemuva noma enye into efanayo. Indlela yesibili yizingxenye zentambo yobude obufunayo, ezifakwe komunye nobuso. Le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho kubalulekile ekuqondisweni kwentambo - ukudweba impumuzo, ukuqondisa koboya, njll.
Lapho uhlaka lukulungele, gcwalisa umnyombo
- Gcwalisa ingemuva. Akudingekile ukwenza kusuka kumicu.
Konke kuyikho. Lapho konke sekugcwalisiwe, sishiya iphaneli eqediwe kusuka ku-Fige ukuyoma izinsuku eziningana. Ngemuva kokomisa i-glue, ingambozwa nge-varnish esobala (thatha isisekelo samanzi - bese soma ngokushesha, futhi ayiphunga iphunga).
Ikati elinjalo: isithombe sentambo
Inyoni enesitayela
Enqubweni
Ingaphakathi elinesitayela
Ubuhle Butterfly
Izinhlamvu zekhathuni, izinhlamvu ezidwetshiwe, izithombe nemidwebo etholakala kahle kwintambo. Konke kunesitayela futhi somuntu. Inembile, ukuxabana kwezithombe ngeke kusebenze, njengoba le ndlela ayihloselwe lokhu. Kepha kulula, kuyaqondakala, kudinga isikhathi esincane. Lesi yisifundo esifanelekile sokuqamba okuhlangene nezingane.
Kusuka kumicu nezinayini
Imidwebo ethokozisayo itholakala kwimicu kanye nezinzipho. Le ndlela inegama layo - I-String Art (I-String Art). Ukusuka egameni lamagama esiNgisi - intambo (intambo).
Ngokubukeka, kunzima ukudidanisa okuthile, kusukela kwenqubo yoqobo, izithombe zicacile ngokwezithombe. Ngokuya ngento, kungahle kube khona egumbini lezingane ezinesitayela se-fantasy noma i-pop art pop art yesimanjemanje, i-art deco. Ungathola izinketho ngisho ne-minimalism ... Izinzuzo nazo zingabhekiswa eqinisweni lokuthi ukwenziwa kwephethini kusuka emicu nasezinzipho (izikhonkwane) kuthatha isikhathi esincane. Okuncane okungenzeka kwenziwa kungakapheli ihora. Indlela elula, ngakho-ke ungaheha izingane.
Izithombe ezivela ezintweni ezijwayelekile: izipikili nemicu ...
Yiziphi izinto ezidingekayo
Imicu ingathathwa. Imvamisa sebenzisa imicu yokugoba. Ngokuya ngombhalo, imiphumela ehlukile iyatholakala. I-Smoker inika imigqa ecacile, "Shaggy" yakha isizinda esiminyene. Bayelulwa baba yizikhonkwane ezincane noma izikhonkwane. Imisindo yanoma yimuphi umbala nobukhulu. Into esemqoka ukuthi ama-cap acocekile, kepha hhayi amancane (hhayi aqede izipikili). Ubude - kuya ngesikali sesithombe. Nge-Centerter encane eyanele-eyodwa nesigamu, kuma-overalls amaningi - kungenzeka kube ama-perhamn amathathu.
Ngemidwebo emikhulu sidinga izipikili eziqinile
Izikhonkwane zifanelekile uma umdwebo uhambisana nokuthinta okumnandi: izimvemvane, ama-dragonflies, izimbali ... kulokhu, sithola izikhonkwane ezinobuhlalu. Futhi basebenzela umhlobiso ngasikhathi sinye.
Isisekelo sisetshenziswa yinoma yikuphi, lapho ungathola khona ama-clove. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa igwebu elikhulu elikhulu. Kukhanya, kungena kalula futhi kungena neminye yezikhonkwane nezikhonkwane. Isihlahla siyafaneleka, i-chipboard (ingavinjwa, ungagaya).
Inqubo enkulu yokukhiqiza
Inqubo yendalo ngokwayo ilula. Khetha umdwebo. Okokuqala, kungcono ukukhetha okuthile okulula, ngenombolo enkulu kakhulu yezinto. Isibonelo, thatha imbali enesitayela.
Imbali, iqabunga ... yenza kube lula kangaka
Esisekelweni esikhethiwe siyasetshenziswa. Uma ukwazi, ungathola ngesandla, uma ungaqiniseki ngamakhono akho - usika i-stencil, ufake isicelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-contours, yondla ama-carnations ekwandeni okungaba ngu-1 cm. Ezindaweni zokugoba okubukhali, kungenzeka futhi kaningi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwemidwebo kusuka ezipikili nasemicu: Izithombe zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Ngemuva kokuba yonke imizwa yenyama ingenqunu, sithatha intambo, ekugcineni senza i-loop, silungise kwesinye sezipikili. Isipikili sokuqala sikhethwe ngokungacabangi. Ukuvikela intambo, nge-oda lesiphithiphithi, siqala ukukhotha izintambo ze-carnations. Ukugcwaliswa kungenziwa ngobunye nobuncane obuncane. Kunoma ikuphi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukubonwa ukuthi lezi yimicu ehlukile. Kukule thokozo lale misebenzi. Lapho lonke ivolumu ligcwaliswa, lungisa intambo kwenye yezinzipho. Lapha, empeleni, konke. Ungafaka kuphela ama-clove kancane uma kunesidingo.
Izinketho nokwehluka
Manje kancane ngama-nuances. Esibonelweni esingenhla, kuphela isibalo esinqunyelwe kuma-clove sigcwalisiwe. Kepha mhlawumbe okuphambene. Igcwele imicu engaphandle kwemingcele echazwe yizipikili. Izithombe ziyathakazelisa futhi.
Amaphaneli kusuka kumicu kanye nezinzipho: ingemuva ligcwele
Futhi kokuqala, nasesigabeni sesibili, umehluko ngombala phakathi kwangemuva nemicu kufanele kube okubalulekile. Lokhu kunikeza ukucaca kwesithombe. Kuma-embodiments abuyinkimbinkimbi, ama-Threads angezelwe, kodwa adale ukubopha okuthile. Sekuvele kude nelula, isipiliyoni siza neminyaka yokuzilolonga. Ukubuka izithombe ezinjalo ziyi-Wizzy.
Isiphithiphithi lapha futhi asiphunga iphunga. I-oda eliqinile lemicu elidala amaphethini athile
Enye indlela yokwakha imidwebo engajwayelekile kusuka kumicu kanye ne-carnations ukudweba kuphela izinto ezithile zesithombe ngaleyo ndlela. Kubalulekile ukwephula isithombe kube yizicucu, indawo ye-carnation ngayinye ibalwa, ngoba futhi izici zomdwebo wodwa.
Enye inqubo
Le ndlela iyindlela yokudweba indawo yezwe ngosizo lwezipikili nemicu. Udinga umbono okhethekile okuvumela ukuthi wephule isithombe emgqeni, okonke uzokwakha isithombe esiqinile.
Imidwebo elungele amathoni found for ntambo kanye nezinzipho
Isithombe sezinto ezingajwayelekile zekhishi: inkomishi enesiphuzo esishisayo
Leyo nketho lapho isikhundla se-carnation ngayinye kubalulekile
Ungenza ngisho nemephu yezwe
Easy, Creative ... Kubalulekile ukuthola imicu eshintsha umbala wazo. Yize, futhi kusukela e-monophonic kuphenduka kukuhle
Isihlahla - isithombe
Iphaneli enhle ... ukuthungwa kwesihlahla kubalulekile.
Icala lapho ukuqondiswa kwentambo akufanele kube yisiphithiphithi
Imibono ehlukene ... umphumela uwukuhle kakhulu
Umhlobiso woNyaka Omusha ngesitayela se-stret-art
Lona umshayeli ophakeme kunabo bonke ...
I-Punk ngezinkinobho, ubuhlalu, ubuhlalu
Lokhu kungokwezinto ezingejwayelekile zokudala imidwebo - izinkinobho. Osayizi abahlukahlukene, bobunjwa, ukwakheka, imibala. Bonke bangena ebhizinisini. Ingasetshenziswa kuleli fomu njengoba injalo, ingapenda, ihlotshiswe ngama-sequins, ama-sequins, njll. Konke kuncike emcabangweni kanye nesifiso somlobi. Isisekelo sezithombe ezivela ezinhlotsheni. Amakhadibhodi, izinkuni, Foam, DVP, Chipboard, MDF, Leaf Fest Plastic, ingilazi. Kuya ngomqondo kanye nomphumela oyifunayo. Kuze kube sezingeni lezinkinobho kuyadingeka. Glue - i-universal, lapho ngenkathi yomiswa kuhlala kusobala.I-Techyique - Qala ngokulula
Kwesinye isikhathi izinkinobho zisetshenziswa kuphela njengengxenye yesithombe. Njengoba zingamavolumetric, zenza izimbali, amahlamvu, eminye imininingwane emincane nephakathi ne-convex. Isendlalelo, izingcezwana ezinkulu zenziwa kunoma iyiphi enye inqubo, kepha ezimweni eziningi kungumdwebo noma uhlelo. Izithombe ezinjalo zilula ukwenza ngokuzimela noma ngokubamba iqhaza kwezingane.
Isihlahla ebusuku ... umphumela othakazelisayo
Izimbali ezimnene zenziwe ngezinkinobho ezithambile ezipinki
Eminye imibala, nezinye izimo
Ukudweba, okuhlotshiswe ngezinkinobho ... kuguqula isithombe esithandekayo sangaphakathi
Izithombe ezivela ezintweni ezijwayelekile: izinkinobho zilungele lesi sigaba
Inqubo eyinhloko
Uma ufisa ngezinkinobho, ungenza noma yisiphi isithombe, i-silhouette noma isithombe. Kuqala ngemidwebo elula kunazo zonke. Kule nqubo, kubonakala sengathi akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi, kepha isikhathi singumsebenzi omningi uthatha okuningi. Okokuqala, kungcono ukubona umphumela emahoreni ambalwa. Khetha ifomu elilula: Inhliziyo, i-Apple, inyanga, ilanga, imbali enkulu elula, isithombe sesilwane, izinyoni. Vele ukhumbule ukuthi ukufana kwe-portrait akuyona eyale ndlela. Kufanele ube nefomu elibonakalayo.
Ungasenza kanjani isithombe sezinkinobho: Izithombe zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula. Qala uthinta uhlaka ngesisekelo. Kuyavela - dweba ngesandla. Cha - usike ephepheni. Umdwebo ungaphrintwa. Umdwebo usike i-contour, unamathisele esisekelweni, usole ipensela. Uma udinga imibala eminingana, usola imingcele, (imibala) ehlukanisa.
Imithunzi eminingi nezindlela zombala ofanayo, kuthakazelisa umphumela
Ama-silhouette ezilwaneni zezinkinobho. Hhayi isipho esibi sabathandi bezilwane
Umholi ekwenziweni uyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, futhi umdwebo olula kakhulu ungaba umphumela wobuciko bengane
Inhliziyo enjalo - umhlobiso wangaphakathi wasemuva
Imibono ehlukene, kepha bheka kahle
Okuningi okulula okwenziwe ekwenziweni kwemidwebo yamaphaneli ezenziwe ekhaya kusuka ezinhlotsheni
I-Magic Peacock yaphenduka izinkinobho
Izinhlanzi ezikhanyayo zizohlobisa i-nursery ... hhayi kuphela
Ngokulandelayo, izinkinobho ezikhona zigcwalisa i-contour. Kweminye imidwebo, kubalulekile umkhawulo ocacile. Ngosizo lwezinkinobho ngisho nobungako obuncane kakhulu abutholakali. Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa ubuhlalu, ubuhlalu. I-VIGN INNICE ngaphakathi, ungavala futhi nobuhlalu noma ubuhlalu. Konke lokhu kubukeka kakhulu.
Ukukhetha amathoni, osayizi, ukwakheka kwenkinobho ngayinye kuthatha isikhathi eside
Ngokuhlangenwe nakho, kuzokwenzeka ukutholakala okungathi sína nge-canvases. Kepha ukubekezela nokuphelela kwakho kufanele kube kukhulu nje. Sekuvele kukhona i-hue nosayizi wenkinobho ngayinye.
I-Panno kanye ne-Fabric and Lace Paintings
Izindwangu kanye ne-lace - nakho okukhona okujwayelekile kokwenziwa kwamaphaneli nemidwebo. Manje akuphathelene nama-applique noma ama-patchworks we-patchwork - ayinkimbinkimbi ekusebenzeni futhi adinga amakhono athile. Lokhu ngukuthi manje kukhona izindwangu ezinjalo, umdwebo noma ukuthungwa kwazo kungaba umhlobiso wangemuva wanamuhla. U-lace akaphelanga ukuba ucebile okuningi. Futhi uma kukhona ama-napkins amadala noma uyazi ukuthi ungazihlanganisa kanjani, ungenza imidwebo ethakazelisa kakhulu, amaphaneli. Into esemqoka umbono nekhono lokubona ikusasa lamaphaneli engxenyeni ejwayelekile yendwangu.
Into esemqoka ekukhetheni izindwangu ukubona umbono
Iphaneli Yezindwangu Nezindwangu
Umqondo wokuqala ukuthola izindwangu ezinemibala emibili. Isimo esiyinhloko - imibala kufanele ibe efanayo, imidwebo ihlukile. Indlela elula yokuthola izinketho ezimnyama nezimhlophe. Zonke ezinye izithunzi - ukuyothenga ukuyothenga. Yize i-Intanethi ingasiza. Izindwangu ezikhethiwe zingezelwe ngohlaka. Amafreyimu angaba ngosayizi ofanayo nokwakheka, kungahluka. Nokuthi futhi enye inketho ibukeka kahle.
Kungenziwa izicubu ezintathu ukwenza iphaneli enjalo
Imibala kumele iphindwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi
Kufanele kube nokuthile okujwayelekile
Okuyisisekelo - Ukukhetha imibala ...
Umhlobiso onesitayela sodonga - iphaneli yendwangu
Umqondo olandelayo: Thola izindwangu ngemibala ehlanganisiwe. Kungahle kube nemibala emithathu-nane lapha, futhi kufanele ihlangane ngokuhlanganiswa okuhlukile kumaflaps akhethiwe. Njengomthetho, thatha imibala emibili eyisisekelo: imhlophe + emnyama, emhlophe, emhlophe + grey, emnyama + grey bese engeza imibala eyodwa noma emibili kubo. Vele ukhumbule ukuthi imibala "eyengeziwe" kumele ibe khona ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, iphaneli ngeke lihlangane kakhulu, okwesibili, lizongena kalula ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi.
Isisekelo sitholakele siphinde safakwa ngohlaka lwamasayizi ahlukene futhi abekwe odongeni. Umzuzwana owodwa: Uma kunzima ukuphuthelwa uhlaka olufanayo, bese kuthi osayizi namafomu ahlukile ahlanganiswa kahle. Bheka isithombe bese wenza into efanayo.
Thola umdwebo ocacile wesithombe, uhlukanise ngezingcezu, welule isisekelo. Silungele isithombe esiyingqayizivele somhlobiso wangaphakathi
Uma igumbi liphenduke licindezelwe, ungangeza imibala
Ukuphrinta okunjalo kunjalo
Umdwebo onjalo ku-The Fastric Okutholayo futhi akuyona inkinga
Umqondo wesithathu: Thola umdwebo omkhulu okhanyayo, uhlukanise ngezingcezwana eziningana. Kuvela uhlobo lwesithombe se-modular, ethandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Uma izindwangu zibonakala zingaphefumuli, zama ukuthola amakhasa. IsiRussia, isiShayina ... nganoma yiziphi izisusa zobuhlanga. Izithombe ezinjalo zingajwayelekile futhi zisiza ukugqamisa ikhaya lakho.
Ama-motifs ezwe avumelana ngokuphelele nesitayela sanamuhla
I-Lace Fairy Tale
I-Lace ngumsebenzi wobuciko uqobo. Ingaqiniswa nje kwi-substrate ehlukile. Nayi imidwebo evela ezintweni ezingejwayelekile.
Kusuka kuma-napkins angenantambo kungenziwa ngephaneli yobuhle emangalisayo
Ucezu olukhulu kwisizinda esihlukile
Ama-lapkins amancane ama-napkins anezinhlaka ezihlukile
Kunombono ozosiza ukwenza izithombe eziningi ezahlukene zivela kuma-napkins amaningana. Ama-napkins, nokho, azophangwa. Ngakho-ke, siqinisa uhlaka lwamaphepha e-monochrome anemibala ethoni egcwele. Faka i-lace, upende wokufafaza ku-canister. Upende kufanele ahlukaniswe.
Ungawenza kanjani imidwebo eminingi ehlukahlukene kusuka kuntambo eyodwa
Kulobu buchwepheshe, kungenzeka ukwenza imidwebo eyodwa, unga - ama-triptychs, amaphethini we-modular, njll. Umphumela omuhle kakhulu utholakala ngama-napkins ahlanganisiwe. Banephethini ebekiwe kakhulu. Umdwebo we-Factory Lace unzima ukudlulisela ephepheni, i-Hota kungenzeka.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Kulula kanjani ukuqeda izindonga ze-chipboard