Ukuhlelwa kokhonkolo okhonkolo oshonile kudinga amasistimu anjalo anamuhla ezakhiwo, njengezitezi ezifudumele. Uma ubheka kuqala, ukugcwaliswa kanye nokuqondanisa kokhonkolo akunankinga.
Kodwa-ke, lapho kuhlolwa, lo msebenzi unama-nuances amaningi, kuphela obona ukuthi ungathola i-screen emnyama esezingeni eliphakeme engasikho isikhathi esiyishumi. Ubuchwepheshe bokugcwaliswa kosimende uthango lwendlu yangasese nakho kunezici zalo.
Inhloso yesibopho sikakhonkolo
Usimende Black Screede wenza esakhiweni saphansi semisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezimbali zaphansi, indima eyinhloko inamathiselwe kulokhu noma enye impahla yokugcwaliswa kokhonkolo.
Cabanga ukuthi yindima engadlala ngayo ungqimba lukakhonkolo olubi ehlelweni lokutholakala kwezitezi endlini yangasese.
Ukwehlisa izinga
I-Screed izosindisa ezinkingeni ngezimpi kanye nokudangala
Inhloso esemqoka yokwehla kwesimende ukudala indawo ebushelelezi futhi ehlala isikhathi eside yesisekelo.
Ukubekwa kwanoma yisiphi isimbozo sanamuhla sanamuhla akunakwenzeka endaweni engalingani, embozwe ama-grumps kanye nokudangala.
Isendlalelo esisezingeni eliphakeme kwelinye icala senza ukuthi kukonge izingoma ezinamathela ezinamabini zokupholisa ukunamathela, okukuvumela ukuba wenze ungqimba lwawo mncane.
Kwezinye izimo, ngaphandle kwesisekelo esibushelelezi, akunakwenzeka ukuthola indawo enhle kakhulu yokuhlobisa phansi.
Ukwakha Isisekelo Esiqinile
Izitezi ezimnyama, ngenxa yezimpawu ezikhethekile zamandla ezixazululo zokhonkolo, zidlala indima yomhlaba ezakha ubukhali befenisha kanye nemishini yasendlini. Ukusuka ekutheni ukugcwaliswa kokhonkolo okuqinile kugxile kangakanani emandleni ezitezi endlini.
Izici zokuqeda okuqediwe ezibekwe esisekelweni esiqinile se-monolithic ngeke ziguqukele esihlobene nomunye, ukuze zidangele futhi ziqhekeke.
Lapho ufaka endlini yayo, amasistimu wokushisa athuthukile anjalo, njengamanzi noma ikhebula kanye namakhethini amakhebula, akunakwenzeka ukukwenza ngaphandle kokugcwaliswa kokhonkolo.
Kulokhu, kwenza imisebenzi emibili ngasikhathi sinye - ukuvikela nokushisa okushisa.
Imisebenzi evikelayo
Ukhonkolo uzovikela izitezi ezifudumele ekuchazeni nasekuvezweni kwemishini
Izinto zokushisa kwezinhlelo zokufudumeza phansi zisengozini yokuvezwa ngokomzimba. Ngaphansi komthwalo wangaphandle, amapayipi epulasitiki lapho ukugeleza okupholile kungachithwa khona futhi kusaba khona.
Njengomphumela wamanzi afudumele noma antifreeze, kuzoba nzima noma ngokuvamile kuyeka. Lokhu kungenzeka uma phansi kumbozwe phezulu kwezinto zokushisa.
Ukushisa izintambo zikagesi ngendlela efanayo, evulekile, yokubeka i-laing kungaphazanyiswa ngengozi noma umucu wazo wokufakelwa ungonakaliswa.
Ukuze ugweme inkinga enjalo, izakhi zokushisa ezifudumele ezingatholakali ku-concrete screed, kodwa futhi zithululelwa ngesihlahlana. Ngaphansi kwegobolondo elinjalo, abasayesabi ngamathonya angaphandle.
Ukudlulisa ukushisa
Isisekelo esinjalo sikhanye kahle
Ukuthela izinto zokushisa ngeSixazululo sikakhonkolo kukuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezitezi ezifudumele.
Iqiniso ngukuthi i-coefficient of Heat Transfer Concrete iphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izinto.
Ngenxa yalokhu, amandla afudumele adlula phakathi kwe-screed ngokulahleka okuncane, futhi izindleko ezincane zamandla ziyadingeka ukushisa igumbi lokushisa elinethezekile.
Umsebenzi wokulungiselela
Emakhoseweni ukhonkolo kudingeka avale imifantu, susa udoti
Isihloko ngesihloko: ukwakheka kwendlu enamakamelo amathathu emndenini onezingane ezimbili
Ngaphambi kokwenza uthayi phansi phansi ngezandla zawo endlini yangasese, kufanele kwenziwe umsebenzi othile wokulungiselela.
Umlingiswa wabo uzoncika ngokuphelele ekwakhiweni kwendlu nokuthi yiziphi izindawo ezithwala izigameko ezihlelelwe ukuba zithulula.
Esandleni sokuhlala esakhiweni ngasinye, kungaba:
- Indawo engaphezulu komhlaba. Le nketho kungenzeka uma ukwakheka kwendlu kungahlinzeki ngokuba khona kwesitezi esingaphansi noma esingaphansi. Kulokhu, njengesisekelo sokugcwaliswa kokhonkolo, ingaphezulu lenhlabathi liqondile.
- Phansi kokhonkolo. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesisekelo se-screed. Endlini yangasese, kufakwa phansi amakhonkrothi phansi kusuka emapuletini noma kuthululelwa indlela ye-monolithic ngokwesekwa kwezindonga zekhonkolo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izindonga zendlu zingenziwa ngezinto ezihluke kakhulu - izitini, ngokhuni, ukhonkolo olwenziwe, njll.
- Phansi kokhuni. Naphezu kwemibono ephikisanayo, idivaysi yekhonkolo ekhokhwa phansi ngokhuni kungenzeka. Kulokhu, kudingeka kuphela ukulungiselela izinkwa zokhuni ngokuhambisana ngokuphelele nemithetho yokwakha.
Ukugcina kuphela zonke izincomo ze-SNIPS eziphathelene nokugcwaliswa kwamasimende, ungathola indawo esezingeni eliphezulu efanele ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo.
Cabanga ngenqubo yokwenza umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngokucaciswa ngakunye kwamacala abhalwe phansi.
Ukulungiselela isisekelo senhlabathi
Isisekelo somhlabathi sikhululwa kudoti kanye ne-turf kuze kube yilapho imicamelo yesihlabathi
Okokuqala, kuzodingeka ukukhulula yonke indawo yesitezi esizayo kusuka kunoma iyiphi i-organic. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Ukuhlelela" akusho nje kuphela izihlahlana notshani kuphela, kodwa futhi nongqimba lomhlabathi omnyama ongelutho.
Kufanele isuswe ngokucophelela kuze kube ngokubonakala kokubukeka kwezinhlobo zemibumbana ezingaphansi - isihlabathi, ubumba, soglinka, njll.
Iqiniso ngukuthi izinto eziphilayo zibandakanyeka ekuhambeni kwesikhathi, zincipha ngosayizi, ngakho-ke, isixazululo se-bay ku-organic inhlabathi ungqimba, sizibeka engcupheni iminyaka eyishumi nambili ukuze uthole ukungabi nalutho ngaphansi kwezitezi. Ongakuholela kukho, kucacile kunoma ngubani: ukuqhekeza isisekelo se-monolithic, futhi esimweni esibi kakhulu nokudonswa kwayo okubunjiwe nokudonswa kokwakhiwa kobuze.
Ngemuva kokususwa kwesendlalelo, izinga leplatifomu likhiqiza. Ngalezi zinhloso, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa isisekelo somhlaba ngokuhambisa umhlabathi ngezigaba eziphakeme ukwehlisa.
Izindawo ezihlekisayo ngemuva kokuphothulwa komsebenzi kumele zithambekele ngokucophelela. Ukuthola umphumela ongcono, kungenzeka ukuchitha ingxenye enkulu yesisekelo esinamanzi amaningi ekuhlelweni ngokuphelele kwenhlabathi.
Ingqimba yemicamelo ye-sand-gravel kumele ibe ngu-5 - 15 cm
Uma kungekho kholo oluhle lokusondela ekulinganiseni inhlabathi eningi, kungabuzwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yesixazululo sikakhonkolo.
Ngenxa yalokho, esikhundleni sendawo ebushelelezi ehlelekile ye-Draft Floor, ubeka engcupheni yokuthola ukucwasana okubalulekile kwelinye lezinhlangothi.
Ngemuva kokuthi indawo yenhlabathi ihlanganiswe nesimo esamukelekayo, ikhiqize umcamelo we-sand-gravel ngobukhulu be-5-15 cm ngobukhulu obungu-5-15 cm. Futhi ukuze uthuthukise ukushaya kwesixazululo nenhlabathi, futhi njengasesimweni sokushaqeka okucashumayo okuhlaziyi ngesikhathi sokugazinga kwesizini. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi enhlabathini egcwele futhi egcwele amanzi.
Ukulungiswa phansi kokhonkolo
Uhlobo olunzima kakhulu lwe-Screed yokuthulula yendlu yangasese, uma sibalwa ukuthi zonke izindinganiso zokwakha sezivele zaqashelwa lapho zifaka ama-slabs.
Kulokhu, uzobe uhlola wonke amalunga amapuleti futhi, uma kunesidingo, vala imifantu enamapuleti noma i-silicone sealant.
Uma izitezi zokhonkolo zifakwa ngaphansi kwe-bias evundlile, zivumelanise amaphutha afanayo nje kufanele abe khona.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukushaja amabhethri we-GEL
Ukulungiswa phansi kokhuni ku-screed yokuthulula
Bheka isakhiwo sokhuni samandla, kufanele sikwazi ukumelana nesisindo sethayi ekhonkolo
Isikhathi esiningi kuzoba ngumsebenzi lapho kulungiswa phansi kokhuni ukugcwaliswa kwesihlahla sosimende. Isisekelo sokhuni sivame kakhulu esakhiweni somuntu ngamunye sokuhlala.
Ngamafuphi, phansi kokhuni akuhloselwe ukugcwala ukhonkolo phezu kwabo. Lokhu kuxhumene nezimoto ezilinganiselwe kakhulu zesihlahla, futhi ngempilo encane kakhulu yenkonzo yokhuni uma kuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kunezimo lapho kufanele wenze okuhlukile bese uhlomisa usimende ubheke phansi ngokhuni.
Okokuqala, kuzofanela wenze ukubuyekeza okuphelele kwezinhlaka zokhuni zokutholwa kokubola noma isikhunta. Zonke izinhlaka ezithintwe yisikhunta kufanele zisuswe, futhi ingaphezulu kwezinto ezisele zokhuni zicutshungulwa yizingoma ze-antiseptic. Funda kabanzi mayelana nesisulu esitezi sokhuni, bheka le vidiyo:
Kuzoba kuhle ukwelapha izinkuni ngesisombululo ngokumelene nezihlahla zezinambuzane - iziqhwaga.
Ngemuva kokucwaningwa kwamabhuku, isakhiwo sokhuni kufanele siqiniswe ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma kunokungabaza mayelana nekhono layo elisekelayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa isisekelo ngezinsika ezengeziwe zenethiwekhi.
Iqiniso ngukuthi i-concrete screed enobukhulu obungu-5 cm inenqwaba yama-200 kg nge-sq.m., ezokwakha ingcindezi ehlaba umxhwele kulo lonke ukwakhiwa kwalo lonke elase-overlaps.
Ama-lags ngaphansi kwe-boardwalk kumele abekwe esigabeni esingadluli ku-0,5 m. Amabhodi ngokwawo kufanele abe yinqwaba okungenani ama-5 cm, futhi kuyinto efiselekayo ukubenza bavela ezimisweni ezihlala isikhathi eside, njengezindebe.
Insiza yokungena kwamanzi
Ukugoqa amanzi angena kwamanzi kuphoqe amadevu
Okulandelayo, ngaphezulu kwesisekelo, kufanele kuhlelwe amandla amanzi. Kuyadingeka ukuvimba ukuvuza kwamacala amancane omswakama kusuka egumbini elingaphansi ngokusebenzisa ama-pores kukhonkolo.
Ukuqongelela phansi phansi, ukuncipha kuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kokubumba nokubola.
Ekwakhiweni kwesendlalelo esiphindayo samanzi, kungasetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbili zezinto zokwakha - ukunamathela kanye ne-calene (kugoqwe) kungavunyelwe amanzi angangeni manzi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Bituminious kuvikela kahle izinkuni kusuka kumswakama
Izinhlobo zokuqala izingoma ze-liquid ezisetshenzisiwe zisebenzisa amabhulashi noma ama-roller. Badalwe ngesisekelo seBitumen noma ama-polymers, kanye nomgomo womsebenzi wabo ukugcwalisa yonke imifantu emincane kakhulu, emboza ukufinyelela kokuncipha egumbini.
Ukufakwa kwe-inlet kukhiqizwa ngendlela yama-rolls, agoqwe phezulu kwesisekelo futhi anamathele kuwo ngokusebenzisa i-adhesive mastic.
Ishidi ngalinye lamanzi asongwe amanzi lihlehliswe komunye nomunye ngomunye nomunye ngo-5 - 10 cm, futhi okuhlanganisiwe kubhalwe kahle ngesisombululo esinamathela. Uma kunesidingo, izingqimba ezingama-2-3 zokuphamba amanzi zingaboniswa.
Ukuqinisa
Isikali ngokuqiniswa kuzoba namandla kakhulu
Isigaba esilandelayo somsebenzi ukudala uhlaka oluqinisiwe. Ukuqiniswa kukuvumela ukuthi unyuse kakhulu amandla okugcwaliswa kokhonkolo, vimbela ukuqhekeka kwalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ekhaya, ama-armamarkas angenziwa ngezandla zakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga ukuqiniswa kwensimbi noma kwe-fiberglass nge-6 - 10 mm, i-knitting wire noma ama-bulgaria. Sika ukuqiniswa ezingxenyeni zobude obufunayo, obubopha ngocingo ngokuwela. Ngenxa yalokhu, sithola i-lattice ngosayizi wamaseli acishe abe ngu-5 cm.
Ngaphansi kohlaka kufanele lubekwe kunoma yiluphi ulwelwe ukuze igridi ingalali ngaphezulu kwesisekelo, futhi yaphakanyiswa ngaphezu kwalo okungenani 10 - 20 mm.
Ukulungiselela ingxube yokugoqa
Okulandelayo, qhubeka ngqo nokuthululwa kwamaphansi okusalungiswa. Ukwakheka kwabo kungalungiswa ngezandla zakho, noma uthenge inhlanganisela eyenziwe ngomumo esitolo sokwakha.Isihloko ngesihloko: I-Spring Crafts ekhaya nezingane
Isixazululo Esihlukile
Ukungeza amapulasitiki kuzokwenza inhlanganisela inhlanganisela
Le nketho, naphezu kwe-archaic yayo, isathandwa kakhulu ngenxa yomnotho wayo.
Ukwenza isisombululo sokugcwalisa isisulu, uzodinga izinto ezilandelayo:
- I-Portland Cement Brand ayiphansi kune-M-400.
- Isihlabathi esikhulu noma amatshe amancane.
- Amanzi.
Uma ufisa, amapulasitiki anengekayo enza ukhonkolo futhi enze kahle futhi u-phambili kusixazululo kungangezwa kwikhambi.
Lokhu kuzokwenza lula ukuqondanisa futhi kuzokuvumela ukuthi wenze umsebenzi ngamandla amancane nesikhathi.
Lapho usebenzisa i-screed endlini yangasese ngaphezulu kwezitezi zokhuni njengeflicker, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-perlite noma i-clamzite, ezokwehlisa ubungako kanye nesisindo sekhambi.
Ukuthola ukhonkolo osezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, kufanele ulandele izilinganiso ezinconywe ngamazinga wokwakha.
Ithebula libonisa ububanzi bezakhi zokulungiswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezixazululo zikasimende.
Ukuxubeka okulungele
Ekuxubeni eyomile, izakhi zikhethwa emthanjeni oqondile
Namuhla ezitolo ezinkulu lapho kunobubanzi obukhulu bokuxutshwa okulomile okuhloselwe ukuthela phansi okusalungiswa.
Izixube ezomile, ngenxa yomthamo okhethwe kahle wezakhi, zihlukaniswa ngekhwalithi ephezulu yesisombululo esiphumela.
Enye futhi okulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ukulungiselela isixazululo esilungele ukusetshenziswa, kwanele ukuncibilikisa ingxube ngamanzi ngezilinganiso ezibonisiwe kwiphakheji. Ukubuyiselwa okuwukuphela kokuhlanganiswa okuqediwe yizindleko zabo eziphakeme.
Ngakho-ke okusalungiswa phansi, kugcwele ukusetshenziswa kwezingxube ezomile, kuzokubiza izikhathi ezi-2-3 ezibiza kakhulu kunamalungiselelo abo athululelwe ukhonkolo.
Ukuthela uthayi.
Izilonda zingenziwa ngephrofayili yensimbi
Ngemuva kwayo yonke imisebenzi yokulungiselela ithathiwe ukugcwalisa ikhambi. Okokuqala, bonisa izimpawu ezivundlile - ama-beacons ". Kungenzeka ubenze basuke kujantshi obushelelezi bokhuni, ibha noma iphrofayili yensimbi.
Sinemigqa yazo ehambisanayo kuyo yonke indawo yokugcwaliswa kwesikhathi esizayo. Ibanga phakathi kwazo akufanele lidlule ku-1 m ukuthola ukuvumelanisa okunembe kakhudlwana kwesendlalelo sokhonkolo.
Endaweni lapho unawo ngaphansi komhlaba, faka ifomu le-limiter ngosayizi we-hatch yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukuqondanisa kwama-beacons ngaphesheya komkhathi kwenziwa nge-laser, i-hydraulic noma izinga lokwakha. Qala ukufakwa kulandela kusuka endaweni ephezulu kakhulu yesisekelo.
Ngenxa yalokho, saphenduka izingxenye ezixandekile zakhiwa ngokufana kwabeka ama-beacons. Siqala ukubagcwalisa ngodaka olusezingeni elifanelekile, likuvumelanisa nosizo lomthetho omkhulu. Ukuthela lula umsebenzi omkhulu kufanele kuqalwe ekhoneni elikude maqondana nomnyango.
Uma ubukhulu besendlalelo esezingeni eliphakeme budlula ama-50 mm, kunconywa ukuthi uthele kuma-receptions amabili. Okokuqala, ungqimba wokuqala uthululwa, futhi ngemuva kwalokho kwanele ukoma, ungqimba lwesibili. Ngalesi, uzokugwema ingozi yokuqhekeka phezu kongqimba obukhulu bokugcwaliswa lapho uyomisa.
Futhi, i-Screen yoMlomi ayikhuphuki, kufanele ivalwe ngefilimu ye-polyethylene, evimbela ukuhwamuka okukhulu kwamanzi. Funda kabanzi ngokugcwaliseka kwezikhathi zama-beacons, bheka le vidiyo:
Ngesimo sezulu esishisayo, ngenhloso efanayo, sidinga ukunisela ingaphezulu likakhonkolo ngamanzi njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2. Umnqamulajuqu womisa ukugcwaliswa kokhonkolo kuncike ekukhulumeni kwawo, ukuvumelana kokuqala kanye nezinga lomswakama egumbini.
Imvamisa le nqubo isuka ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngaphambi kwesonto. Ubulukhuni obuphelele lukakhonkolo buthola kuphela amasonto ama-4 kuphela ngemuva kokugcwaliswa, ngakho-ke umsebenzi oqhubekayo ohlelweni lwephansi kunconywa hhayi ngaphambi kwenyanga.