Isisekelo esiyisisekelo sokufakwa okukhiqizwa ngogesi nge-electromagnets yathuthukiswa yiBritish Experimenter ne-Physistics Michael Faraday ngo-1831, eyakha i-Faladay Disk, okungomunye wabakhiqizi beFaladay. Emva kwalokho, abakhiqizi bakagesi babehlala bethuthukiswa ngaphakathi kwengxenye eyodwa nesigamu. Ama-asynchronous and alternrous alternator, eyodwa nesigaba esithathu, ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwe-inverter futhi nayo yadalwa. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zinhlobo?
Ama-generator avumelanayo
Ku-alternator evumelanayo, ugesi wenziwa ngokuhlangana kwemvamisa yemvamisa yokujikeleza kwesitebele kanye ne-rotor. Amandla we-electromotive noma i-EMF yakhelwe lapho insimu esungulwa yizigxobo zikamazibuthe ze-rotor ziwela ukuvela okuqala. Kumajeneli anjalo, i-rotor kungaba yizinkathi ezingapheli noma i-electromagnet enezigxobo eziningi ezimbili. I-TOLE-POLE-ROOR TOOROR, enesivinini esijikelezayo se-3000 RPM, ifakwe kuma-backup generator, futhi kuma-generator amakhulu akhiqiza ugesi ubusuku nemini, i-rotor ijikeleza imvamisa ye-1500 RPM.
Ngemuva kokuqala i-generator evumelanayo, i-rotor yakha amandla kazibuthe abuthakathaka, kepha kancane kancane inani lokuvukela kwalo landa nokukhuphuka kwe-emf. Esikhathini sokuphuma, ukuqina kwamandla akwagesi kulawulwa kusetshenziswa iyunithi yokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo (i-AVR), eshintsha amandla kazibuthe ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwamandla kagesi ku-rotor kusuka ekuvuseleni umoya. Lapho kusebenza ama-geradous avumelanayo, "ukusabela kwehange" kungenzeka, okungukuthi, lapho umthwalo ongavuleki wenziwe wasebenza, i-generator iyancipha futhi i-voltage iyawa. Futhi esimweni lapho umthwalo we-capacitive unikezwa, kunalokho, i-generator kufanelekile futhi amavoti akhula.
Inzuzo yama-generator avumelanayo angugesi ozinzile endaweni ephumayo, kepha ukungathandeki kwawo ukuthambekela kokugcwala ngokweqile, okungenzeka lapho imithwalo ikhula futhi idlula lapho kuvela khona i-AVR iyunithi.
I-generator evumelanayo iyakwazi ukukhiqiza kafushane ngokukhipha okunjalo okungamanje okungadlula inani eliphakeme kaninginingi. Njengoba ezinye izinto zikagesi ezibandakanya ama-motor kagesi, ama-compressors, amaphampu kanye abanye, kukhuphuke kakhulu okukhona, futhi banomthwalo okhulayo kunethiwekhi, umthombo omuhle kakhulu womabili ama-reds main kanye nesipele uzoba nje ama-alternars.
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Abakhiqizi be-asynchronous
Ukujikeleza kwe-rotor kulabo bama-generali ngaphambi kwesikhathi se-perover magnetic field, edalwe yi-stator. Ama-generator anjalo kagesi afaka ama-rotors anezinhlobo ezimbili zokufaka umoya - iziqebele ezimfishane nesigaba. Ku-generator ye-asynchronous, umgomo wokusebenza ufana ncamashi nasesihlotsheni sawo esivumelanayo - i-stator idala amandla kazibuthe ku-auxiliary winding, bese edluliselwa yi-rotor namafomu esitobhini se-EMF. Kepha umehluko ulele eqinisweni lokuthi imvamisa lapho amandla kazibuthe ayajikeleza ingashintshiwe, okungukuthi, ukulungiswa kwawo akuvumelekile. Kungakho imvamisa kagesi yamanje, ekhiqizwa nge-alternator, kanye namandla kagesi, ixhumeke ngqo ngokuvukelwa kwe-rotor, okuncike ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwe-drive motor generator kagesi generator.
Ama-asynchronous alternators anokuvikelwa okuphezulu ezenzweni ezivela ngaphandle futhi zinozwela kancane emibuthanweni emifushane, ukuze zilungele imishini yokufudumala. Labo bamongo balungele kahle amadivaysi afaka esikhundleni esinomthwalo we-ohmic (osebenzayo), oguqulwa cishe kuwo wonke ugesi ohlinzekwa yibo, ukusebenza - amakhabethe, amalambu okukhanyisa, amalambu okukhanyisa, amalambu, amalambu, amalambu, amalambu, amalambu, amalambu, amalambu, amalambu, ama-heater, njll.
Ukulayisha okuphezulu (ukuqala) komthwalo, okwenzeka lapho kuvulwa, ngokwesibonelo, imishini yokupompa, kuthatha umzuzwana, kepha i-generator kagesi kufanele ikumelane nayo. Futhi yilokhu - sicabanga ukuthi udinga ukuhambisa inqola esindayo, efakwe endaweni evundlile. Ukuze uhambise i-trolley, kuyadingeka ukwenza umzamo omkhulu, odingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukunyakaza kwayo. Kuyisimo esifanayo esenzeka lapho sekwethulwa i-compressiotor noma amasistimu, ama-motor kagesi nanoma yimaphi amaphampu, ngakho-ke, genkrator kuphela ojwayele ukukhiqizwa kukagesi angabhekana nakho.
Imithwalo esebenzayo kugridi yamandla aphakathi inxeshezelwe ngama-choke noma ama-capacitors, kanye nokusebenzisa ingxenye ekhuphuke kakhulu yesiphambano kagesi kanye nabaguquli.
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I-asynchronous alternator inokubuya okubalulekile - kusuka kungenakwazi ukubekezelela imithwalo eyengeziwe. Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, kulula ukuklama futhi kushibhile kune-analog evumelanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bakagesi base-Asynchronous bane-design evaliwe, ekwazi ukubanikeza ukuvikela okuhle kumswakama nokungcoliswa kwangaphandle.
Isigaba Esithathu Sokukhiqizwa Kwe-Generator
Abanye abantu bayaqiniseka ukuthi i-generator kagesi yesigaba esisodwa imbi kakhulu kunezigaba ezintathu. Umqondo walabo abangaqondi ukuthi ugesi kulula ukuyiqonda - isigaba esisodwa singaphansi kwesithathu, ngakho-ke kubi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, khetha phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla kathathu nangokwesigaba esisodwa kumele kususelwe kwizidingo zabasebenzisi bokugcina.I-generator kagesi enezigaba ezintathu ayidingeki ukondla amaqembu amathathu abathengi besigaba esisodwa, futhi ukuze bondle amadivayisi esigaba ezintathu.
Kuyenzeka ukuthi ukwakheka kokufakwa kwesigaba ezintathu endlini kwenziwa emaqenjini esihlaselayo, kepha kuyasiza ukungasebenzisi, kepha abasebenza ngogesi, ngoba kulokhu udinga ukuvikelwa okubizayo kohlelo lwamandla, nokufakwa kwalo kuyabiza kakhulu. Cishe zonke izinto zanamuhla zendlu ziyisigaba esisodwa, kanti nezigaba ezintathu zazingamamodeli amadala ama-motor kagesi nezitofu zikagesi.
Ama-motors kagesi amathathu anobubi obuthile obukhulu - ngamandla we-alternator, ngokwesibonelo, 10 kW, amandla esigaba ngasinye azoba ngu-3.3 kw. Phakathi kwezigaba, ukukhishwa okuphezulu komthwalo wamandla kungenzeka kungabi ngaphezu kwama-25% okungokwakho, okuyi-1/3 yamandla we-generator aphelele. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, i-generator yesigaba esisodwa esinamandla ka-4,5 kw izoba namandla amakhulu kune-generator yesigaba ezintathu nge-10 kW.
I-inverter generator
I-Inverter alternator ineyunithi yokulawula ngogesi ekwazi ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kukagesi osezingeni eliphezulu, ngokuntuleka kwamaconsi amavoloji. Ama-inverter alternators alungele ukondliwa kwalabo abathengi abadinga kuphela kumandla kagesi.
Uhlelo lokulawula i-Inverter lwe-alternronous senzelwe futhi lusebenza ngezinyathelo ezintathu: Khiqiza ugesi ngokuvama kwe-20 Hz; Ngemuva kwalokho kwakha inani laphakade le-12 v; Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqondile kwamanje kuguqulwa kwabanye abacishe babe ngama-50 Hz.
Ama-inverter generator ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu ze-volped autput Voltage:
- Kumamodeli ashibhile, umfutho onxande abonakala. Amamodeli anjalo angaphakela kuphela amathuluzi okwakha amandla. Lolu hlobo lwama-inverterers cishe aluthengiswa, ngoba luthandwa kakhulu futhi namathuba akhawulelwe kakhulu.
- Ama-generator we-augh avareji lendawo anganikeza umfutho we-trapezoidal. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi bondle imishini kagesi eyinkimbinkimbi yasekhaya, njengesiqandisi. Kepha ubuchwepheshe obubucayi kakhulu, i-voltage enjalo ivame ukunganele.
- Ngemfutho ye-sinusoidal, izimo ezinhle kakhulu zomsebenzi wanoma yimaphi amadivaysi adalwe - kusuka kokulula kakhulu kuya okunzima kakhulu. I-Sinusoidal Voltage inezimpawu ezizinzile futhi ihambisana kahle nawo wonke amapharamitha kagesi, ahlinzekwa ngamanethiwekhi kagesi aphakathi. Izindleko zalabo abangena ngaphansi kuphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbili.
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Izinzuzo zabakhiqizi be-inverter:
- isisindo nosayizi omncane kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nabakhiqizi abalula bamandla afanayo;
- Umsindo omncane ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okutholwe ngenxa yokuthi isivinini se-rotor siyashintsha;
- Ukusetshenziswa okuncane kakhulu kwamafutha, okutholakala ngokulawulwa ngogesi kwenqubo yokuphehla ugesi. I-generator ikhiqiza inani elinjalo lamandla adingekayo kubo bonke abathengi, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kuncipha noma kukhuphuke ngokuncipha okufanele noma ukwanda kwenani labathengi;
- Njengoba zisuselwa ku-alternator evumelanayo, ama-inverterter angahlinzeka ngamafuphi ama-speed-speed amandla anamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwamanye amamodeli wabakhiqizi be-inverter kukhona umsebenzi "wemodi yokulayisha", lapho i-inverter ingakhiqiza khona amandla ngo-50% ngaphezulu kunale. Kepha le modi ingasebenza cishe imizuzu engama-20-30;
- Ukusebenza kahle ngokwehluleka - cishe amahora ayizinkulungwane ezintathu.
Okubi:
- Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kungamahora ayi-8;
- babe nezindleko eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nezibonakaliso ezingezona ezingezona zamandla afanayo;
- Iyunithi lokulawula elekthronikhi liyazwela impela, futhi ukulungiswa kwalo kuyabiza kakhulu;
- Amandla aphezulu kuma-generator alolu hlobo ayi-7.2 kW, futhi azikho amamodeli anamandla amaningi.
iziphetho
Zonke izinhlobo ezingenhla zabakhiqizi, ngaphandle kwe-inverter, zingasetshenziswa hhayi kumamodeli wabathengi aphansi ezitshalo zamandla, kodwa futhi nasezinhlelweni ezinkulu zojene akhiqiza ama-megawatts kagesi.