AbaseRussia abaningi baphoqeleka ukuthi bahlale ezindlini ezincane ngamakhishi amancane. Kwesinye isikhathi indawo yabo ayikho ngaphezu kwe-5-6 m2. Ngokwemvelo, egumbini elinjalo, ngisho nokupheka kungakhululeki. Umndeni omkhulu kahle awunalo ithuba lokuqoqa etafuleni elilodwa. Ukuphuma kwesikhundla kungaba yikhishi-lounge, kuhlangene kusuka emakamelweni amabili. Futhi uma unamathisela inganekwane, khona-ke ekugcineni awukwazi ukuba namandla kuphela, kodwa futhi kube yifulethi elihlukile ekuklameni kwalo.
Uma ifulethi linekhishi elincane, linganwetshwa ngokulihlanganisa negumbi lokuhlala.
Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwegumbi eKhrushchev
Njengomthetho, igumbi lokuhlala eKhrushchev (okuthiwa amafulethi atholakala ezindlini ezakhiwe kuma-60-70s ekhulu leminyaka elidlule) alikho egumbini elihlukile. Lesi sici senziwa ngelinye lamakamelo okuhlala. Kepha lokhu akuwona ukuphela kwengcindezi yalesi sindlu. Ukucabanga kabusha kokucabanga, kuyadingeka ukubheka ezinye izimayini zekamelo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuphakama okuncane kwekamelo, ngenxa yalokho akunakwenzeka ukuveza igumbi elinokugqamisa phansi noma ophahleni.
- Izindlu zangasese ezincane (zihlangene) nemigwaqo. Ngakho-ke, ngeke kwenzeke ukwandisa isikhala nge-akhawunti yabo.
- Ukuvuleka kwewindi okuncane nokuntuleka kokukhanyisa kwemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici sezindlu ezinjalo ukuthi zonke izindonga eKhrushchev zithathwa njengezithwali. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, ngeke badilizwe ngokuzimela (noma ingxenye ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye). Ngokuguqulwa kwefulethi kanye nezinhlangano ezikhishini ekhishini negumbi lokuhlala, uzodinga inqubo yezobuchwepheshe yokwenziwa kabusha, okumele ihlanganiswe emizimbeni efanelekile yokubuka.
Umdwebo 1. Izinketho ezijwayelekile zendawo yamakamelo eKhrushchev.
Futhi lapho ulungisa ukulungiswa okulandelayo, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubuyela ephrojekthi evunyelwe. Izinhlaka zokuthwala kufanele zibekwe ngokuhambisana okucacile kwecebo. Futhi izinto zokwakha zidinga ukusebenzisa lezo ezichazwe kumadokhumenti.
Kepha ngenxa yalokho, uzothola ikhishi elibanzi elihlanganiswe negumbi lokuhlala. Futhi lapho ukuhlela ukuhlela, ungabhekisa hhayi kuphela ukwakhiwa komuntu ngamunye wekamelo, kodwa futhi nezidingo nezidingo zakho.
Izinzuzo nokubi kwegumbi lokuhlala kanye nobumbano ekhishini
Imvamisa, lapho kufakwa kabusha eKhrushchev kusetshenziswa izinketho ezi-2. Hlanganisa isikhala sasekhishini nelinye lamakamelo (igumbi lokuhlala). Noma unamathisele egumbini lokugezela elihlanganisiwe. Kepha noma iyiphi indlela oyikhethayo, kuyadingeka ukuphindisela ekuhlelweni kokuqala kwefulethi. Indlela elula kunazo zonke yokucabanga ngokuguqulwa okuzayo lapho unohlelo lwecebo lendawo yokuhlala. Kungenziwa ngokuzimele noma ukungena ku-BTI. Izinketho ezivame kakhulu zendawo yamakamelo ezindlini ezinjalo zikhonjiswa ku-Fig. munye.
Ikhishi elinegumbi lokuhlala elihlanganiswe egumbini elilodwa linenzuzo enkulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukunwetshwa kwesikhala hhayi isivakashi kuphela, kepha futhi nendawo yokusebenza.
- Amandla okupheka ukudla futhi awukhonze egumbini elilodwa.
- Ekamelweni elinjalo, ungahlomisa amasayithi amaningi okuzijabulisa noma ukuzilibazisa.
- Kukhona ithuba lokusebenzisa umklamo ngamunye.
Isihloko ngesihloko: UValentine ngoFebhuwari 14 ngezandla zabo (izithombe ezingama-43)
Umdwebo 2. Ukwenza kabusha i-Khrushchev.
Kepha ikhishi legumbi lokuhlala eKhrushchev linobunzima:
- iphunga elibonakalayo lokulungiselela ukudla;
- Ukukhulisa umswakama kanye nokushisa kwangaphakathi;
- Isidingo sokuhlanza nsuku zonke.
Amafutha nokungcola kuzofaka nakanjani kwifenisha kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindwangu zegumbi lokuhlala. Futhi imisindo yokusebenza kwemishini yasendlini ingaphazamisa idili noma isidlo sakusihlwa somndeni. Kepha ngazo zonke lezi zinkinga ungabhekana nazo.
Izinketho zokuvuselelwa kabusha kwefulethi
Iningi labantu libonakala sengathi iKhrushchevka incane kangangokuba ukuguqulwa komhlaba wonke kuyo akunakwenzeka. Kepha kwanele ukukhombisa inganekwane encane, futhi ifulethi lakho lingaphenduka libe loft othokomele noma efulethini lesitudiyo. Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 eziphambili zekhishi negumbi lokuhlala.
Kuwokuqala okubhekisele ekubhiseni kodonga phakathi kwamakamelo amabili. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphuma ekhishini ephaseji kuyabekwa. Ngakho-ke, amathuba okubhaliswa kwesikhala esisodwa esihlukaniswe yindawo. Isibonelo sokwenziwa kabusha okunjalo kukhonjiswe ku-Fig. 2.
Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ubeke egumbini elilodwa, uhlome ngesichibi esikhulu, igesi kanye nemishini eyinhloko, indawo yokudlela eneqembu lokudlela negumbi lokuphumula. Ingahlalisa elinye itafula noma i-bar rack, ifenisha ephakeme, i-TV kanye nama-racks. Uma ufisa, indawo yokuhlala ingathathelwa indawo ngekhompyutha noma ngedeski lokubhala.
Umdwebo 3. Efulethini elinamakamelo elilodwa ungasusa ukwahlukaniswa noma ubuyise ama-shrinds nangobuhlakani obucacile.
Umbhangqwana osemusha noma indoda enesizungu izozizwa kahle efulethini le-studio. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ukwahlukaniswa kwangaphakathi akuhlinzekiwe, futhi imisebenzi esekelwayo ithathe amakholomu angabeka umklamo oyinhloko wegumbi elihlala ekhishini. Imvamisa, le ndlela ayisho ukuthi ubukhona bendawo enkulu eyabelwe ngaphansi kokupheka. Ngalesi sakhiwo, isikhala esikhulu sihlala igumbi lokuhlala elihlanganiswe nehhovisi noma igumbi lokulala.
Kulolu hlobo, ukuguqulwa kulungele kakhulu igumbi le-KHrushchev. Futhi uma umuntu ehlala efulethini elilodwa, khona-ke ungaphatha ngisho nezindonga phakathi kwendlu yokugezela, ikhishi kanye ne-Corridor. Bazothathelwa indawo lula noma ukuncipha lula, amaphaneli afudukayo, ububanzi. Umklamo onjalo uzokhulisa kakhulu indawo ewusizo, kepha uzogcina umthwalo odingekayo ezindlekweni. Umklamo waleli gumbi ukhonjiswa ku-Fig. 3.
Lezi akuzona zonke izinketho ongazihlanganisa ngazo isikhala sekhishi negumbi lokuhlala eKhrushchev. Ungahle ube nemibono yethu yokuvuselela kabusha. Kepha, ecabanga ngokubonakala kwegumbi lakho lokuhlala elizayo, ungakhohlwa ngenduduzo kanye nokusebenziseka kwabantu abahlala endlini.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Moseic egumbini lokugezela - okudingeka ukwazi
Izinketho Design Design
Igumbi elihlanganisiwe eKhrushchev kumele lihlukaniswe ngezindawo ezisebenzayo. Kuyadingeka ngokwehlukana cabanga ngokwahlukana kwekhishi negumbi lokuhlala. Ikakhulu isikhala esengeziwe sizokuvumela ukuthi ufake imibono enesibindi kakhulu.
Umdwebo 4. Izindonga nefenisha ngemibala ekhanyayo eyandisa igumbi elihlala ekhishini.
Igumbi lokuhlala ekhishini lingahlukaniswa ngezindawo ezinezindlela ezihlukile. Kepha imvamisa sebenzisa amasu alandelayo:
- ukwakhiwa kokwakha;
- Ukuhlukaniswa okubonakalayo;
- Ukuhlukaniswa okunengqondo kwezindawo.
Uhlobo lokuqala lufaka amasu adinga ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezengeziwe zokwakha nezinto. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwahlukaniswa, lula, isibhamu namaphaneli namaphaneli. Zibekwe ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, kepha i-plasterboard ihlala ithandwa kakhulu, njengoba kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ayibizi.
Kepha ukwamukelwa okunjalo kokwamukelwa kunemikhono ebalulekile. Noma yimuphi umklamo we-static unamathela egumbini eliseduze. Inkinga ingaxazululwa kusetshenziswa ukwahlukaniswa okuphansi, ama-bar racks, iziqhingi, njll. Ukubala futhi kufaka phakathi okubaziweyo futhi kukhulisa ingilazi, okukhulisa igumbi ngaphandle kokuvala isikhala.
Uma imali yanele, khona-ke ungafaka izicelo nezindlela ezivelele ngokwengeziwe zokuhlukanisa igumbi elihlala ekhishini eKhrushchev. Abaqambi bemfashini beluleka ukushisa ingxenye yegumbi nge-aquarium enkulu noma udonga lwamanzi. Azikho izixazululo ezingezinhle zesitayela esenziwe ngesitayela sobuzwe. Isibonelo, okwamanje lapho inani eliphakeme lokuthandwa kukhona izahlukaniso ezivulekileyo ezibuza isitayela esisempumalanga yegumbi lonke.
Ukwabiwa egumbini lokuhlala ekhishini kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izimbangi zaphansi zaphansi.
Ukubuka okubukwayo kufaka phakathi lawo masu asiza ukuhlukanisa igumbi kuphela. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene ukuqeda phansi kanye nophahla endaweni yokusebenza neyevangeli. Hlukanisa into eyodwa kusuka kwesinye isixazululo sombala (ikhishi liyakhiwa ngombala owodwa, futhi igumbi lokuhlala likwelinye). AKUKHONA NGEMPELA KULULA KAKHULU NJENGOBUCHWEPHESHE.
Ngokuhlukaniswa okunengqondo kwegumbi elihlala ekhishini, ifenisha enkulu isetshenziswa njengemingcele noma ukuvuna, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka kuma-racks encwadi. Le yindlela elula futhi elula yokuthola indawo yendawo engadingi ukutshalwa kwemali okwengeziwe kwemali.
Imithetho yezakhiwo zokuklama
Noma ngabe yini ukwakheka kwekhishi yegumbi lokuhlala olikhethile, kuyadingeka ukulandela imithetho ejwayelekile ethuthukiswa ngochwepheshe abanolwazi. Abayinkimbinkimbi ngokuphelele, kepha bakusize wenze igumbi lakho kahle nangobuchule.
Idizayini yekhishi negumbi lokuhlala kufanele lihlanganiswe ngokuvumelanayo ngohlelo lombala.
- Uma lincane izinga lokukhanyisa kwemvelo, okulula kufanele kube umbala wedizayini.
- Akufanele usebenzise amakamelo amakhulu ngisho nasekuqedeni, izithunzi ezikhanyayo.
- Izindawo ezahlukahlukene kufanele zibukeke zilinganise ngokulinganayo.
Umthetho wokugcina uhlonishwa kaningi. Imvamisa endaweni yasekhishini kukhona ifenisha enobukhulu futhi evamile emnyama. Ngasikhathi sinye, igumbi lokuhlala libukeka licindezelwe yilokhu kuqina. Ukuze ungenzi iphutha elifanayo lapho uhlela ukubukeka kwezakhiwo zakho, ulalele izeluleko ezilandelayo:
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungazikhetha kanjani amakhethini eminyango kusuka ezimpukane nomiyane
Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa igumbi lokuhlala nekhishi usebenzisa ukwahlukanisa okuphansi okuhlotshiswe ngesimo sekhawunta ye-bar.
- Khetha ifenisha yasekhishini nge-fafaza (kepha hhayi ecwebezelayo);
- Maqondana nemodyuli yasekhishini, qiniseka ukuthi ubeka ifenisha enkulu endaweni yokuhlala yegumbi lokuhlala;
- Susa ngokwehlukana igumbi ngokuhlukaniswa okuphansi, ukuma kwebha noma isiqhingi.
- Sebenzisa ukukhanya kusuka endaweni yomsebenzi ukukhanyisa ukukhanya kusuka phansi.
Lokhu kungamasu asetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi okuboniswe ku-Fig. ezine.
Khumbula ukuthi igumbi elidwetshiwe kufanele libukeke njengesikhala esihlanganiswe nesixazululo se-stylistic. Thatha umuntu ongenalwazi ofanele omunye nomunye unzima impela. Ngakho-ke, kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa izithunzi ezahlukene zombala ofanayo.
Umhlobiso owodwa wekhishi
Umklamo wanamuhla wasekhishini uyavuma ifenisha enama-facade akhanyayo. Uma ukhetha le nketho, bese usebenzisa izinto zokuqeda imibala evinjelwe: Grey, Sandy, Blue Blue. Lo mthetho usebenza kuwo womabili indawo yokusebenza negumbi lokuhlala.
Khumbula ngezinga lokukhanya egumbini. EKhrushchev, amawindi ajwayelekile anciphile impela. Futhi lapho uhlanganisa amakamelo amabili ngokuvulwa kwefasitela elangeni, akwanele ukukhanyisa igumbi lokuhlala ekhishini. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukunakekela eminye imithombo.
Okunengqondo kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukukhanya kwezinga le-multi.
Ngeke inikeze kuphela induduzo eyanele yabantu, kepha futhi isize ukwenza umklamo uthakazelise ngokwengeziwe.
Ungafuni ukuhlinzeka ngomthombo owodwa wokukhanya wayo yonke indawo ehlanganisiwe. Ama-chandelier amakhulu eKhrushchev abukeka eyindida. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azisebenzi. Kunengqondo ukubheka uhlelo oluhlukile lokukhanya lwendawo yokusebenza negumbi lokuhlala. Ekhishini, isibani esimaphakathi sivame ukudingeka kakhulu. Kepha ukukhanya kuyadingeka ngaphezu kwetafula phezulu, ukugeza kanye nesitofu. Imithombo eyengeziwe yokukhanyisa izokwenza umsebenzi we-hostess ube lula kakhulu.
Ekamelweni lokuhlala, kuyadingeka ukunikeza ukukhanya okuphezulu phezu kweqembu lokudlela. I-chandelier enjalo noma iqembu lamalambu lizobaluleka ezinsukwini zemikhosi nemikhosi enabantu abaningi. Uzodinga okwengeziwe kanye namalambu aphansi endaweni yokuzijabulisa. Kunengqondo ukuwabeka eduze kwefenisha ephakeme. Futhi ifenisha eyengeziwe yefenisha izokwengeza ukunambitheka ingaphakathi.
Ukukhuluma ngokukhuluma ekhishini futhi igumbi lokuhlala kuzosiza umhlobiso wendwangu. Ngenxa yalokhu, abaphathi abaningi babambelela ekhishini nasendlini yokuhlala amakhethini ahlukene. Kepha ukwakheka kwe-porter kungenziwa ngesitayela esisodwa. Futhi iphethini esekwantwini ingaphindwa ekwakhiweni kombhede, ama-plaids kanye nekhishi amancane afana namateyipu namathawula.
Sebenzisa izinto ezifanayo zokuhlobisa. Isibonelo, thola ama-vases wezimbali, amapuleti wezithelo, izibuko kanye namajeg kusuka kububanzi bemodeli eyodwa. Futhi ungazikhokhela ngama-napkins amahle afanayo. Izinto ezincane ezinjalo zizosiza ekwenzeni igumbi lakho lekhishini elihlala ekhishini lingabi yisitayela kuphela, kodwa futhi lijabule.