Akuyona imfihlo yokuthi amaphesenti amakhulu abantu bezwe lethu ayaqhubeka nokuhlala ezindlini zeKhrushchev. Emindenini eminingi yaseSoviet, iKhrushchev yaba yindlu yakhe yokuqala nelinde isikhathi eside. Njengomthetho, amafulethi eKHrushchev asatshalaliswa ezinhlanganweni, nakho. Kusukela lapho, okuningi sekushintshile. Izindlu ezinjalo zivame ukufika kithi kusuka ogogo nomkhulu noma zitholwe kwimalimboleko njengendawo yokuhlala etholakalayo. Ungakwenza kahle kanjani ukulungiswa kwendlu yangasese eKhrushchev?
Ukuhlelwa kwefulethi elijwayelekile eKhrushchev kungenzeka kwaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Njengomthetho, kungamakamelo okukodwa noma amabili (imvamisa esondelene), ekhishini elingamamitha ayisithupha kanye negumbi lokugezela elihlanganisiwe elingamamitha amathathu.
Abanini abasha bavame ukuthola esimweni esingesihle kakhulu. Kepha uma uchitha isikhathi esithile, kusho kanye nomzamo, khona-ke i-Khrushchev ejwayelekile ingaphenduka izindlu ezibonakalayo.
Uma uzoba nesibopho kulowo msebenzi, khona-ke ngisho nabanikazi bamafulethi ezakhiweni ezintsha bazohlongozwakala kwizangaphakathi lakho elisha, elinesitayela nelikhululekile.
Ukuthuthukisa ifulethi eKhrushchevka Shembisa ukuqala ngendlu yokugezela. Mayelana nokwakhiwa egumbini lokugezela Shchechevka, saxoxa kwesinye isihloko.
Izinkinga Eziyinhloko
I-Khrushchev ekuqaleni yayisekwe njengenketho yesabelomali sezindlu, ngakho-ke idedelwa ngokuphelele kwanoma yikuphi ukweqisa - womabili amagama obuhle futhi asebenzayo.
Isakhiwo sihlinzeka ngesikhala okungenani esiwusizo - impela njengoba udinga ukwanelisa izidingo eziyinhloko. Igumbi lokugezela alifani. Igumbi lokugezela eliseduze eliseduze litholakala imishini emikhulu yamapayipi - amabhati, ukucwila kanye nendlu yangasese. Kepha sisadinga ukubeka umshini wokuwasha, ishelufu, isibuko, amathawula, izimonyo namakhemikhali asendlini lapho. Ngakho-ke, imibuzo yobuhle nemibuzo elula ihlala ingemuva, inikeze izindaba zokusindisa isikhala.
Ngakho-ke, inkinga yokuqala yokulungiswa kwendlu yokugezela eKhrushchev iyindawo encane kakhulu.
Inkinga yesibili kungenxa yokuthi iKhrushchev ingukuthi uma ingaphazamiseki, khona-ke izindlu ezindala kakhulu. I-Khrushchev yokuqala kakhulu ye-KHrushchev ingeyoku-1959, kanye nalokhu - ngezakhiwo ezingama-1985. Lokho wukuthi, namuhla, i-stushchev "eneminyaka engaba ngu-30. Abaningi emashumini eminyaka babengenalo ngokweqile, ngakho-ke isimo sazo zonke izinhlelo zobunjiniyela - indle, ukuhlinzekelwa kwamanzi, umoya omncane ushiya ukufiswa okuningi. Njengoba amadivaysi wesimanjemanje amapayipi adinga ukuxhumeka kumapayipi amasha, anokwethenjelwa namapayipi wendle, khona-ke, kungcono, kungcono ukubuyisela yonke i-wiring. Okungenakwenzeka ukumiselela kuyadingeka ukulungisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo esingesihle sokuxhumana, ukungasebenzi kokubuyiselwa kwabo noma ukudlulisela kunciphisa inkululeko yokuthola indlu yokugezela eKhrushchev.
Inkinga yesithathu ayihambelani kuphela eKhrushchev, kodwa futhi nakunoma yisiphi indlu "esandleni se-ambulensi". - - Izindonga ezingalingani ezidinga umsebenzi owengeziwe ukuze zihlukaniswe ngamathayili.
Ukudiliza imisebenzi
Hlela indawo yepayipi kanye nefenisha endlini yokugezela. Kuhle kakhulu ngemuva kokukhipha yonke imishini yakudala bese uqeda. Ukuba phambi kwamehlo "eshidi elihlanzekile", uzoba lula ukumkhumbula. Ukuqala umsebenzi wokulungiselela kulandela ukudiliza imishini yokufaka amapayipi. Ngaphambi kwalapho, ungakhohlwa ukucisha ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ashisayo nabandayo.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Uketshezi oluwuketshezi lwemisebenzi yangaphakathi nangaphandle
Ngemuva kokuthi kususwe amapayipi amadala, qhubeka ukudiliza izintambo zamapayipi amanzi, uma kunesidingo. Okulandelayo, kufanele ususe izigqoko ezindala zokuqeda. Upende ovela ezindongeni futhi phansi kususwa ngosizo lwebhulashi lensimbi eliqinile, futhi uthayela ungqongqozwa nge-perforator noma isando nangesicebi. Uma ufuna ukuvumelanisa phansi, i-screed ichotshozwa yi-perforator ukuze ukhonkolo. Udoti osele nothuli kufanele kulungiswe ngokucophelela.
Esikhundleni samapayipi
Kuyadingeka ukuqala ukushintshwa kwamapayipi namapayipi wendle ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kodonga. Okokuqala kufanele ube nohlelo olunembile lokubekwa kwemishini yokuhlanza, ngokusho kwawo amapayipi azohanjiswa egumbini lokugezela.
Uma kungenzeka, buyisela amapayipi ama-Iron asebekhulile epulasitiki. Azithembeki zingaphansi kwensimbi, kepha zibanda kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukufakwa kungenzeka kube yodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapayipi epulasitiki nama-tees asiza ukukhipha amasentimitha amaningana esikhala esiwusizo.
Amapayipi afakwe ezicathulweni odongeni noma zinamathiselwe kukho ngama-metal clamps. Uma ufisa, ungazifihla e-niche ye-drywall, kepha "udla" isikhala esiningi. Kusukela eKhrushchev, isikhala samahhala sesisindo segolide, kungcono ukuchitha isikhathi ekunamathisweni nasezindongeni ezibusayo.
Lapho ipayipi lendle liyi-wiring, ungakhohlwa ngomthambeka. Kufanele kube ngu-10-20 mm ngemitha ye-mongon ngayinye. Uma kunesidingo, khulisa ubukhulu bekhonkolo ekhonkolo phansi, kepha qiniseka ukuthi ubona ukuphakama kwamapayipi wendle. Lapho ipayipi i-wiring ixhumeke khona ku-riser, nikeza amandla okufaka i-reapar crane, ukuze ukwazi ukucima ngokuzimela amanzi ashisayo nabandayo.
I-Electricity Wiring yenziwa ngaphambi kokuqeda, ngoba ngokubeka izintambo, izindonga nazo zizodingeka.
Hlinzeka egumbini lokugezela inani elidingekayo lezitolo, zingcono kabili. Ngekilasi lezokuphepha elifanele. Ukushintshwa kumele kube ngaphandle kwekamelo lokugezela.
Uma kuzoba nemishini eminingi kagesi egumbini lokugezela, setha idivaysi evikelekile yokuvala i-wiring.
Ukukhetha izinto
Uma umsebenzi wethu ukusebenzisa ukulungisa igumbi lokugezela imali eningi ngangokunokwenzeka, inketho engcono kakhulu ipenda izindonga zopende ongavunyelwe.
Ngaphezu kwezindleko eziphansi, le nketho inenzuzo ehlukile: sebethole upende omhlophe kanye kel ungafinyelela ngqo umbala owudingayo, kanti okunye ukuqeda kungahlali kunikeza ithuba elinjalo.
Kepha kune-nuance eyodwa ebalulekile: Ukuze izindonga ezidwetshwe zibukeke kahle, izindonga ezibushelelezi zidingeka, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukufeza izindonga ezinjalo eKhrushchev.
Sabhala ngokuqedwa kwezindonga zokugezela kwenye enye indatshana.
Esinye isinqumo sesabelomali ukuhlobisa odongeni ngamaphaneli epulasitiki. Banemibala eminingi ehlukahlukene kanye nezici, zibekwe kalula futhi zisuswa kalula, azidingi izindonga ezibushelelezi ezingenaphutha futhi zibanakekele. Funda eminye imibono ku-athikili mayelana nokulungiswa kwesabelomali kwendlu yokugezela.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Awukakakhethi ama-baguette ophahla lwamakhethini, khona-ke siya kuwe
Ukudonswa kwemali okuwukuphela kweminyaka 'akuwona amakhulu eminyaka', kungekudala kuzodingeka ukuthi kuthathelwe indawo impahla ehlala isikhathi eside.
Umhlobiso ojwayelekile wezindonga ngethayili nethayili le-porcelain. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa zifanelwe ukuthandwa kwazo, ngenxa yempilo yenkonzo ende, ukumelana nokushisa kwehla kanye nokufaka izikhala. Namuhla esitolo ungathola amathayili ahluke kakhulu ekwakhekeni - isikwele, isikwele, hexagonal. Ngemibala namaphethini ahlukahlukene, akunangqondo ukutshela isikhathi eside - ukuhlukahluka kusethi enkulu. Uma ungagculisekile ngezixazululo ezenziwe ngomumo, ungakha amaphethini akho, uhlanganisa amathayili wemibala ehlukene kanye nokwenziwa.
Kusengaphambili, cabanga ngesisombululo sombala wekamelo lokugezela, umbono wekamelo alonke ngokuqondile kuya ngalo. Izici zokukhetha kanye nomhlobiso wezindonga ezisendlini yokugezela kuxoxwa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe kwenye i-athikili.
I-Tile iyi-coating engcono kakhulu hhayi kuphela ezindongeni, kodwa futhi futhi phansi egumbini lokugezela, Njengoba ikwazi ukuqinisekisa izinga elifanele lokufaka amanzi angalini. Kukhona ezinye izinketho zokumboza phansi ezisegumbini lokugezela. Okushibhile kakhulu i-linoleum, i-lamisproof elibiza kakhulu yama-laminate. Kepha ngokwezimpawu zayo, zombili izinketho zilahlekelwa phansi kwethayela.
Uphahla lungapendiswa ngopende omhlophe noma amaphaneli epulasitiki.
Kodwa-ke, sikucebisa ukuthi usebenzise imali ethile bese ufaka uphahla lweluliwe.
Okokuqala, kubukeka kukuhle, okwesibili, kukuvikela ekuvuleni kusuka ngaphezulu. Futhi uma umisa ukukhetha kwakho kwisicweli esicwebezelayo, khona-ke ophahleni olubonakalayo luzobonakala luphakeme kakhulu kunalokho okuyikho ngempela.
Idizayini yophahla kufanele ingene ekwakhiweni okuphelele kwendlu yokugezela. Uphahla egumbini lokugezela kungenzeka luhluke kakhulu, funda isibuyekezo sethu futhi sifake amaphupho akho aqamba.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umhlobiso ophahleni ungacutshungulwa kuphela lapho izindonga seziphelile.
Ukulungiselela izindawo eziphezulu
Ukulungiswa phansi kanye nezindonga zokubeka izinto zokuqeda kuqala ngokususa izimbobo ezindala, esivele sizitshele ngenhla. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlanganiswa okudala okuvela ezindongeni kuyasuswa, uma kunesidingo, kudingeka aqondaniswe. Sebenzisa lo plaster oyisihloli ochwepheshe. Lapho udaka lomile, phatha izindonga nge-putty. Kungenzeka ukuvumelanisa izindonga ngosizo lwamashidi we-plasterboard, kepha le ndlela izokwehlisa kakhulu indawo esele encane yegumbi lokugezela.
Phansi kulungiswa kanjena: Ngemuva kokususa i-concrete yekhonkolo yakudala, ukususwa kwemfucumfucu nothuli, kwafakwa khona amanzi, ungakhohlwa ngokugcina amasentimitha ayi-15 ezindongeni, bese uthele i-screed entsha.
Ukubhekana namathayili odonga
Inqubo:- Ngosizo lwe-plumb neleveli yokwakha, faka ukumakwa kwemigqa evundlile neqonde mpo odongeni.
- Lungiselela i-Glue ye-tile futhi uyisebenzise kwi-spatula esendaweni yodonga lapho kuzokwenziwa khona umsebenzi.
- Ngemuva kwalokho ifosholo elikhethekile elinamazinyo, lidlula endaweni ephathisiwe yodonga. Kwi-grooves ye-grouble ye-grue.
- Faka i-tile odongeni futhi unikeze kancane. Ibanga phakathi kwamathayili avumelana ngeziphambano zepulasitiki.
- Lapho umsebenzi usuqediwe futhi i-glue ye-tile izoma, icubungule imishini ngokulahla amathayili.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Izincomo nemiyalo yokusebenza nge-Manual Wood Frame
Ukukhetha kwe-ware yokuhlanzeka
Abanini bamafulethi eKhrushchev kufanele bacabange kakhulu ukuhlobene nokukhethwa kwamapayipi egumbini lokugezela.
Okokuqala, udinga ukwenza ukukhetha phakathi kwendlu yokugezela kanye nokugeza, Njengoba egumbini elincane kunendawo eyodwa yalawa madivayisi. Ikhabethe lokugeza likuvumela ukuthi ugcine isikhala ukuthi kuzoba wusizo kithi ukuze ufake, ngokwesibonelo, umshini wokuwasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu asebekhulile nabantu abakhubazekile kulula kakhulu ukusizakala ukugeza kunendawo yokugezela.
Ngaleso sikhathi, kubhavu kufanelekile ukugeza izingane ezincane noma ukusula izinto ezinkulu ezidinga ukugeza izandla ezibucayi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthando oluningi kwesinye isikhathi lucwilisa emanzini afudumele negwebu elimnandi.
Amamodeli e-Corner of Baths, Ukucwila kanye Nezitsha Zasendlini Zasendlini kufanelekile egumbini lokugezela eKhrushchev. Isinki futhi singafakwa ngaphezu komshini wokuwasha, ngoba lokhu kuzodingeka ukuthenga imodeli ekhethekile ye-sink-pita, noma ukwakha izitebhisi ezithenjiswa kwithebhulethi. Kukhona futhi ukucwila okungenziwa kwenziwe ngenhla kwendlu yangasese, kepha lo mklamo awulula kalula.
Funda kabanzi esihlokweni sethu mayelana nokucwila emshinini wokuwasha.
Lapho ukhetha indlu yangasese, udinga ukunaka uhlelo lokukhipha. Kuvundlile, mpo noma oblique. Uhlelo lwe-vertical Drain lukuvumela ukuthi ubeke ithoyilethi eduze nodonga, ngakho-ke uvimba kangcono ukukhetha kwakho kukho.
Ukukhetha iminyango
Lapho ukhetha umnyango wokugezela, kufanele ucabangele amaphuzu alandelayo abalulekile:
- Umnyango kufanele ube namandla okushisa kanye nomswakama wehla, hhayi deform ngesikhathi.
- Kufanele ibe nokufakelwa okushisayo kanye nomsindo wezakhiwo ezifakiwe.
- Iminyango kumele ifakwe izibambo ezisezingeni eliphakeme nezikhiye, njengoba ziguga egumbini lokugezela ngokushesha.
- Umnyango kufanele ube umgodi. Uma kungenjalo, ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ukuqhosha igebe phakathi komnyango kanye phansi.
Futhi funda i-athikili yethu lapho kukhethwa khona ukukhethwa kweminyango ngendlu yokugezela ngokuningiliziwe. Ngakho-ke awukwazi ukulahlekelwa ekukhetheni okukhulu bese ukhetha umnyango osezingeni eliphakeme.
Umnyango wendlu yokugezela uvame ukwenziwa ngengilazi enolaka, ipulasitiki, izinkuni noma i-chipboard. Uma umisa umkhiqizo wakho emikhiqizweni yabakhiqizi abathembekile nabafakazelwe kahle, kusuka kulokho okwenziwa umnyango ngomnyango, ngokuqinisekile kuzokukhonza isikhathi eside.
Ukugcina isikhala, kufanele unake iminyango eshelelayo noma iminyango ye-pendulum swing evulwa kuzo zombili izinkomba. Ungase futhi umise ukukhetha kwakho eminyango yokugoqa, eyenziwe ngokwesimiso se- "Accordion".
Umnyango wendlu yokugezela ungafakwa kuphela ngemuva kokuba yonke imisebenzi yokuqeda isipheliswa. Uma nonke bethenga umnyango ojwayelekile wokujikijela, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokufakwa, qiniseka ukuthi iyavuleka, hhayi ngaphakathi kwekamelo lokugezela.