Lapho esethenge i-laptop enhle noma ifoni epholile, siyathokoza ngokuthenga, sincoma isethi yezici nangejubane ledivayisi. Kepha kuyadingeka ukuxhumanisa igajethi kwizikhulumi ukulalela umculo noma ukubuka i-movie, siyaqonda ukuthi umsindo okhiqizwa yidivayisi, njengoba bethi "beshayela". Esikhundleni somsindo ogcwele futhi ohlanzekile, sizwa ukuhleba kwe-neuroent ngomsindo wangemuva.
Kepha ungacasuki futhi uthuke abakhiqizi, inkinga ngomsindo ingaxazululwa ngokwakho. Uma uqonda ama-chip futhi wazi ukuthi ungathengisa kanjani kahle, ngeke ube nzima ukwenza umsindo wakho we-amplifier. Esihlokweni sethu, sizosho ukuthi ungayenza kanjani i-amplifier yomsindo ngohlobo ngalunye lwedivayisi.
Ungayenza kanjani i-amplifier yomsindo?
Esigabeni sokuqala somsebenzi ekwakheni i-amplifier, udinga ukuthola amathuluzi futhi uthenge izingxenye zezakhi. Umjikelezo we-amplifier wenziwa ebhodini lesekethe eliphrintiwe ngensimbi elungiselelwe. Ukwakha ama-chip, sebenzisa iziteshi ezikhethekile zokuthengisa ezingathengwa esitolo. Usebenzisa ibhodi yesekethe eliphrintiwe likuvumela ukuthi wenze insiza ecwebezelayo futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.
Imvamisa yomsindo we-amplifier
Ungakhohlwa ngezici zeCompact-Channel Channel Amplifiers ezisuselwa ku-chip yochungechunge lwe-TDA, okuyinhloko kwalo ukwabiwa kwenani elikhulu lokushisa. Ngakho-ke, zama ngedivayisi yangaphakathi ye-Amplifier, khipha ukuxhumana kwe-Microcircait nezinye izingxenye. Ukuze uthole ukupholisa okwengeziwe kwe-amplifier, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa i-radiator lattice ngokususwa kokushisa. Usayizi wegridi uncike kwimodeli ye-chip namandla we-amplifier. Beka indawo yokushisa ucwila ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwizindlu ze-amplifier.
Enye into yokwenziwa okuzimele kwe-amplifier yomsindo ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kwamandla. Lokhu nakho kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise i-amplifier emotweni ngokuyixhuma ebhethri noma emgaqweni usebenzisa amandla ebhethri. Izinhlobo ze-amplifier ezenziwe lula zidinga i-voltage yamanje kuphela ngama-volts ama-3 kuphela.
Izinto eziphambili ze-amplifier
Uma ungumsakazo wokuqala we-anateur, khona-ke ukuthola umsebenzi olula kakhudlwana, sincoma ukuthi usebenzise uhlelo olukhethekile lwekhompyutha - ukwakheka kwe-Sprint. Ngalolu hlelo ungakha futhi ubuke ama-Schemas kukhompyutha yakho. Qaphela ukuthi ukudalwa kweSikimu sakho uqobo kunengqondo, kulelo zimo kuphela uma unolwazi olwanele nolwazi. Uma ungumsakazo ongenalwazi lweRadio Anateur, bese usebenzisa amacebo enziwe ngomumo futhi afakazelwe.
Ngezansi sizonikeza uhlelo nezincazelo zezinketho ezahlukene ze-amplifier yomsindo:
I-Amplifier ye-headphone
I-amplifier yomsindo yamahedfoni aphathekayo anamandla aphezulu, kepha idla amandla amancane kakhulu. Lesi yisici esibalulekile se-amplifiers yeselula edla amabhethri. Futhi kudivayisi ingabekwa isixhumi, ukuze sibe namandla kusuka kunethiwekhi nge-adaptha engu-3 Volt.
I-amplifier eyenziwe ekhaya eyenziwe ekhaya
Ngokwenziwa kwe-amplifier yama-headphones, uzodinga:
- I-Chip TDA2822 noma i-Analog ka2209.
- Isikimu somhlangano we-Amplifier.
- Ama-capacitors 100 μf 4 izingcezu.
- Isidleke se-plug yehedfoni.
- Isixhumi se-adaptha.
- Cishe amasentimitha angama-30 ocingo lwethusi.
- Into eshisayo yokushisa (icala elivaliwe).
Isikimu se-Amplifier se-HeadnePhone
I-amplifier yenziwa ebhodini lokujikeleza eliphrintiwe noma ukufakwa okufakiwe. Musa ukusebenzisa i-pulse transformer kuleli fomu, ngoba kungaphazanyiswa. Ngemuva kokwenza, le amplifier iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngomsindo onamandla futhi omnandi ocingweni, isidlali se-Player Comp.
Izinketho ezingaphezu kweyodwa ze-amplifier eyenziwe ekhaya yamahedfoni, ungajwayelana nevidiyo:
I-Laptop Audio Amplifier
I-laptop amplifier ihamba ngezimo lapho amandla ondla akhiwa khona kuwo awanele ukulalela okujwayelekile, noma uma izikhulumi zehlulekile. I-amplifier kumele yenzelwe izikhulumi zangaphandle ezifika kuma-watts ama-2 nokumelana nomoya kuze kube yi-4 ohms.
Isihloko ngesihloko: kanjani futhi kanjani ukupenda umnyango ovunyiwe
I-Laptop Audio Amplifier
Ukwakha i-amplifier, uzodinga:
- Ephrintiwe ibhodi yesekethe.
- I-TDA 7231 Microcircuit.
- 9 Volt Power Supply.
- Icala lokubekwa kwezakhi.
- I-condenser non-polar 0.1 μf - izingcezu ezi-2.
- I-condenser Polar 100 μf - 1 ucezu.
- I-condenser Polar 220 μf - 1 ucezu.
- I-condenser polar 470 μf - 1 ucezu.
- Ukuphikisa unomphela 10 com - 1 ucezu.
- I-Resistor njalo 4.7 OHM - ucezu olu-1.
- Shintsha isikhundla sesibili - ucezu olu-1.
- Isidleke sokungena kwi-Louditivence siyisiqeshana esingu-1.
I-Laptop Audio Amplifier Circtuit
Ukuhleleka komhlangano kunqunywa ngokuzimela kuya ngohlelo. I-radiator epholile kumele ibe ngosayizi kangangokuba amazinga okushisa asebenza ngaphakathi kwezindlu ze-amplifier awedluli ama-degree angama-50. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa idivaysi ngaphandle, kuyadingeka ukwenza izindlu ezinezimbobo zokujikeleza komoya. Ukuze uthole izindlu, ungasebenzisa isitsha sepulasitiki noma amabhokisi epulasitiki avela ngaphansi kwemishini yomsakazo yakudala.
Ungabuka imiyalo ebonakalayo kuvidiyo:
I-Amplifier yomsindo yomsakazo wemoto
Lesi sikhulisi somsakazo wemoto sihlangene ku-chip ye-TDA8569Q, uhlelo alunzima futhi luvame kakhulu.
I-Amplifier yomsindo yomsakazo wemoto
I-Microcircat inezimpawu ezilandelayo ezilandelayo:
- Faka amandla Amandla 25 Watts ngesiteshi ngasinye kuma-4 ohms nama-watts angama-40 ngesiteshi ngasinye ku-2 ohms.
- Amandla okuhlinzeka ngama-6-18 volts.
- Ububanzi bezikhathi ezivuselelwe kabusha ze-20-20000 Hz.
Ukusetshenziswa emotweni, umdwebo kufanele wengeze isihlungi ekuphazanyisweni okwenziwe yi-generator nohlelo lokulahla. I-microcircuit nayo inokuvikelwa okufushane nokushisa ngokweqile.
Uhlelo lwe-amplifier lomsindo lwe-avtognitol
Ihlola nohlelo olwethuliwe ukuthenga izakhi ezidingekayo. Okulandelayo, dweba ibhodi yesekethe ephrintiwe nezimbobo zokumba kulo. Ngemuva kwalokho chitha ibhodi nge-chlorine iron. Ekuphetheni, ludim bese uqala ukuthengisa izingxenye ze-microcircuit. Qaphela ukuthi imigwaqo yamandla ingcono ukumboza ungqimba omkhulu womthengisi ukuze kungabikho bufakazi bokudla.
Ku-chip kudingeka ukufaka i-radiator noma ukuhlela ukupholisa okusebenzayo ngosizo lwe-kuller, ngenye indlela, ngevolumu ekhuphukayo, i-amplifier izokwehla.
Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa i-chip, kudingeka wenze isihlungi samandla ngokuya ngohlelo olulandelayo:
Isikimu sokuhlunga sokuhlunga
I-throttle esihlathini esidonsayo ngokushintshana okungu-5, ngocingo olunesigaba esingu-1-1,5 mm, usokholweni indandatho nge-20 mm.
Futhi, lokhu kuhlunga kungasetshenziswa uma i-recorder yakho ye-tepi ibamba "ngokucindezela".
QAPHELA! Qaphela futhi ungadidanisi lobumbano lwamandla, ngaphandle kwalokho i-microcircuit ihlanganiswe ngaso leso sikhathi.
Ungayenza kanjani i-amplifier yesiginali ye-stereo, ungafunda futhi kuvidiyo:
I-amplifier yomsindo kuma-transistors
Njengomjikelezo we-transistor amplifier, sebenzisa uhlelo olungezansi:
Umsindo we-ampliitis audiotor
Isikimu, noma ubudala, kepha sinabalandeli abaningi, ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
- Ukufakwa okwenziwe lula ngenxa yenani elincane lezinto.
- Asikho isidingo sokulungiselela ama-transtors abe ngababili abavumelanayo.
- Amandla we-10 we-watt, anomugqa onele amakamelo okuhlala.
- Ukuhambisana okuhle namakhadi womsindo omusha nabadlali.
- Ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu yomsindo.
Qala ukuhlangana kabusha isikhulisi samandla. Hlukanisa iziteshi ezimbili ze-stereo ezinama-windings amabili wesibili agijima kusuka ku-transformer eyodwa. Esakhiweni, yenza amabhuloho ku-Schottky Diodes nge-rexifier. Ngemuva kokuthi amabhuloho ahlungiwe CRC kusuka kuma-capacitors amabili a-33,000 igf naphakathi kwawo amelana no-0.75 ohms. Umgcini wokuhlunga udinga usimende onamandla, onesihluku samanje ku-2A, uzosusa ukushisa okungu-3, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthatha nge-5-10 W. Bonke abanye abaphikisane ohlelweni, amandla ka-2 w azokwanela.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungapenda kanjani isango lensimbi elihle futhi isikhathi eside
I-Amplifier kuma-transistors
Iya ekukhuthazeni i-amplifier. Konke ngaphandle kwempelasonto ama-transistors TR1 / TR2 atholakala eBhodi uqobo. Ama-transistors okuphuma afakwa kuma-radiator. Ukumelana no-R1, u-R2 no-R6 kungcono ukuqala ukubeka kuqala ngokushesha, ngemuva kwakho konke ukulungiswa kokuwa, ukukala ukumelana kwabo kanye nokuphikisa kwabo okuhlala njalo ngokumelana okufanayo. Ukuhlelwa kuncishiswe kumisebenzi elandelayo - ngo-R6 kusethwe kumandla kagesi phakathi kwe-X no-zero ukuba yingxenye ye-voltage + v ne-zero. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngosizo lwe-R1 no-R2, okusele okukhona manje kusethiwe - Sibeka umhloli ukukala ngqo njengamanje futhi alinganise okwamanje ePower Power Power Point. Konke ukuphumula ekilasini kube ngaphezulu futhi eqinisweni, uma kungekho kusiginali yokufaka, konke kungena emandleni ashisayo. Kumakholomu angu-8-ohmic, lokhu okwamanje kufanele kube ngu-1.2 futhi kumandla kagesi angama-27, okusho ukushisa okungu-32.4 watt ngesiteshi ngasinye. Njengoba ukusetha kwamanje kungathatha imizuzu embalwa, ama-transistors evikelekile ngempela kwenzeka kuma-radiator apholile, ngaphandle kwalokho azowela ngokweqile.
Lapho ulungisa futhi ubheke ukumelana ne-amplifier, imvamisa ye-CBC ingakhula, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa i-5.5 μf ye-inlet capacitor, kanye 1 noma 2 μF kwifilimu ye-polymer. Kukholakala ukuthi lolu hlelo aluthambekele ekuzithembeni, kepha uma kwenzeka kunamaketanga we-tsobel phakathi kwephuzu x nomhlaba: r 10 ohm + nge-0.1 μf. Ama-fuses adinga ukubekwa zombili ku-transformer nakumanzi wokufaka wesifunda.
Umqondo omuhle uzoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-paste eshisayo yokuxhumana okuphezulu phakathi kwe-transistor ne-radiator.
Manje amagama ambalwa mayelana necala. Ubungako bezindlu bubekwe ngama-radiator - NS135-250 kumasentimitha-skwele angama-2500 nge-transistor ngayinye. I-hull ngokwayo yenziwa ngama-plexiglas noma amapulasitiki. Qoqa i-amplifier ngaphambi kokuqala ukujabulela umculo, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa isizinda sesehlukaniso kahle umhlaba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, anamathisele i-SZ kuye ku-minus of the login, futhi akhiphe ama-minus asele ku "Star" eduze kwe-fingerwersers.
Icala le-Amplifier elizwakalayo kuma-transistors
Izindleko Eziyisibonelo Zokudla Kwe-Transistor Audio Amplifier:
- Hlunga izingcezu 4 izingcezu - ama-ruble angama-2700.
- I-Transformer - ama-ruble angama-2200.
- Ama-radiator - ama-ruble angu-1800.
- Ama-transistors ngempelasonto - izingcezu ezi-6-8 zama-ruble angama-900.
- Izinto ezincane (ukumelana, ama-condensers, ama-tratistors, ama-diodes) azungeze - ama-ruble angama-2000.
- Izixhumi - ama-ruble angama-600.
- I-Plexiglas - ama-ruble angama-650.
- Penda - ama-ruble angama-250.
- Ibhodi, izintambo, umthengisi mayelana - ama-ruble angama-1000
Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lingama-ruble ayi-12,100.
Ungabuka futhi ividiyo yomhlangano we-amplifier yevidiyo kuma-transistors eJalimane:
Umsindo we-Lamp Amplifier
Isifunda esilula sesibani se-Amplifier sinama-cascade amabili - i-pre-amplifier ku-6N23P kanye ne-Power Amplifier ku-6p14p.
Umjikelezo we-wamp amplifier
Njengoba kungabonakala kuhlelo, womabili ama-cascade asebenza ekufakweni kwe-triotodode, futhi ama-anode wamalambu asondele kakhulu emkhawulweni. Ama-Curturents akhiwe nabaphikisi beKathode - 3MA ngokufaka kanye ne-50A ngesibani sokuphuma.
Imininingwane esetshenziselwa i-amplifier yesibani kumele ibe yintsha nekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukuphambuka okuvumelekile kwama-resistor amahlelo kungaba yi-Plus-Gunus 20%, futhi amandla abo bonke abameli bangandiswa ngamahlandla ama-2-3.
Ama-capacitor wokuhlunga kumele abelwe kumandla kagesi okungenani ama-volts angama-350. I-capacitor enenqwaba kufanele ibalwe ukungezwani okufanayo. Abaguquli be-Amplifier bangaba okujwayelekile - i-TV31-9 noma i-analog yesimanjemanje - I-TWSE-6.
Umsindo we-Lamp Amplifier
Umlawuli weVolumu kanye ne-Stereo Balance ku-Amplifier kungcono ukungafaki, ngoba idatha yokulungiswa ingenziwa kwikhompyutha noma kumdlali. Isibani sokungena sikhethiwe kusuka - 6n1p, 6N2P, 6N23P, 6H3P. I-6p14p, 6p15p, 6p18p noma i-6p43p (ngokumelana okwandayo kwe-cathode Resistar) kusetshenziswa njengePenter Penter.
Noma ngabe unesiguquli esisebenzayo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-transformer ejwayelekile nge-40-60 watt rexifier ngokujika kokuqala ku-paw amplifier. Kungemva nje kokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo nokulungiswa kwe-amplifier kungafakwa i-pulse transformer.
Sebenzisa okujwayelekile kwama-plugs nezintambo ukuxhuma izipikha ukufaka ama- "pedalings" kuya kwabangu-4 oxhumana nabo.
Izindlu ze-amplifier ye-paw zivame ukwenziwa kusuka egobolondweni lemishini yakudala noma amabhlokhi ohlelo.
Enye inketho ye-Amplifier yesibani ungabona ividiyo:
Isihloko ngesihloko: ukomisa i-Vinyl Wallpaper ngemuva kokunamathela
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezikhulisi zomsindo
Ukuze ukwazi ukunquma ukuthi yiliphi ikilasi lama-amplifiers omsindo alolusetshenziswa oliqoqe, hlola ukuhlukaniswa kwe-UMPS ngezansi:
- Class A. - Ama-amplifiers alesi sifundo asebenza ngaphandle kokusika engxenyeni eqondile yezimpawu zeVoltamper zezinto ezengeziwe, eziqinisekisa ubuncane bokuhlanekezela okungahlukanisi. Kepha kulokhu kufanele ukhokhe usayizi omkhulu we-amplifier namandla amakhulu adliwa. I-CPD yekilasi i-amplifier ingu-15-30% kuphela. Leli klasi lifaka izibani nezithasisi ama-amplifiers.
- Class B. - Ama-Amplifiers Class asebenza ngesiginali esinqunyiwe sama-degree angama-90. Kule modi yokusebenza, kusetshenziswa uhlelo olunamakamelo amabili, ingxenye ngayinye ithuthukisa ingxenye yayo yesiginali. Ikilasi eliyinhloko le-B Amplifiers yi-dispifiers yokuhlanekezela kwesiginali ngenxa yenguquko yesinyathelo segagasi elithile liye kwelinye. I-Plus yalesi sigaba se-amplifiers cabanga ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela kuma-70%. Kepha naphezu kokusebenza okuphezulu, amamodeli wesimanje ekilasi le-B amplifier, ngeke uhlangane emashalofini.
- I-Class AU. - Lokhu kungumzamo wokuhlanganisa ama-amplifiers achazwe ngenhla, ukuze kufinyelelwe ukuntuleka kokuhlanekezelwa kwesiginali kanye nokusebenza kahle.
- Class N. - Kuthuthukiswe ngokukhethekile izimoto, ezinomkhawulo we-voltage odla amakhasi e-cascade akhipha. Isizathu sokwakha ama-class h amplifiers ukuthi i-real beep inomlingiswa we-pulse namandla awo aphakathi iphansi kakhulu kunesihloko. Uhlelo lwalesi sigaba se-amplifiers lususelwa ohlelweni olulula lwe-AB Class Amplifier lokusebenza eBrodge Parlick. Kunezelwe uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-Voltage Voltage olukhethekile kuphela. Into esemqoka yohlelo oluphindwe kabili yi-capacitor eqongelayo yekhono elikhulu, elihlala lishaja kusuka kumthombo wamandla amakhulu. E-Power Peaks, le capacitor ixhumanisa umjikelezo wokulawula nomthombo wamandla amakhulu. I-voltage kagesi yesigaba sokukhipha se-amplifier okuphindwe kabili, ukuvumela ukubhekana nokuhanjiswa kweziqongo zesiginali. Ukusebenza kahle kwama-class h amplifiers kufinyelela kuma-80%, ngenkathi kuhlanekezela isiginali kungu-0,1% kuphela.
- I-Class D yisigaba esihlukile se-Amplifiers esibizwa nge- "" Digital Amplifiers ". Ukuguqulwa kwe-Digital kunikeza izinketho ezengeziwe zokucubungula umsindo: kusuka ekushintsheni kwevolumu kanye ne-timbre ekuqalisweni kwemiphumela yedijithali, njengokubuyiselwa komsindo, ukucindezelwa komsindo, impendulo ye-acoustic. Ngokungafani nama-amplifiers we-analog, isiginali yokuphuma yeClass D Amplifiers iyi-pulse eyisikwele. I-amplitude yayo ihlala njalo, futhi ubude besikhathi siyahlukahluka ngokuya nge-amplitude yesiginali ye-analog efaka okokufaka kwe-amplifier. Ukusebenza kahle kwalolu hlobo lwama-amplifiers kungafinyelela ku-90% -95%.
I-Amplifier Class A.
I-Class B Amplifier
I-AV. I-amplifier
I-Amplifier Class N.
I-Amplifier Class D.
Ekuphetheni ngithanda ukusho ukuthi umsebenzi we-elekthronikhi udinga inani elikhulu lolwazi kanye nesipiliyoni esithengwa isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, uma kungenzeka okuthile kungenzeki, ungapheli amandla, ukuqinisa ulwazi lwakho kweminye imithombo futhi uzame futhi!