Izitebhisi ezivela ePhili lephrofayili: ukubalwa kanye nokuzijabulisa

Imikhiqizo yensimbi yayibhekwa isikhathi eside, futhi kuma-Blacksmiths abenzile imikhiqizo eyakhiwe yaphathwa ngenhlonipho enkulu. Konke kwaba lula kakhulu ngobukhona obukhulu bezinto zokwakha. Amapayipi wephrofayili elungiselelwe athengwa futhi alandele uhlelo, umklamo owuthandayo u-Welded. Akuyona into ehlukile nesitebhisi esivela epayipi lephrofayili. Kwenze ngezandla zakho kulula uma kukhona okuhlangenwe nakho ngomshini we-welding.

Izinzuzo zezitebhisi ezivela epayipi lephrofayili

Ukufaka izitebhisi zensimbi, thola izinzuzo eziningi. Kusekusebenzeni kwayo kuphumelela phambi kwemikhiqizo yokhuni noma izitebhisi zensimbi ezilungele.

Ama-Plus wepayipi lephrofayili afaka okulandelayo:

• Igcina imali nempilo ende yenkonzo yesitebhisi;
• amandla okuchaza nokuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwanoma yiliphi uhlobo;
• Inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu nezinye izinto zokwakha neziqede;
• Isikhathi esincane esichithwe ekufakweni, kodwa sanikela kuphela ukuthi inkosi enezinto ezihlangenwe nakho;
• amathuba okwenza umsebenzi kanye nomhlangano wesakhiwo kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokwakha;
• idivaysi yesitebhisi noma kuphi (phakathi kwesakhiwo nangaphandle kwesakhiwo);
• Ungapheka inguqulo eyenziwe lula yesitebhisi, ethatha isikhala esincane esingaphakathi endlini.

Eminye imiklamo emapayiphu wephrofayili, i-Weldid yibuchwepheshe bamuva, njengokuthi kukhuphuka emoyeni.

Izinhlobo

Ngokusho kwamakhosi, izitebhisi zanoma yiluphi uhlobo zingakhiwa ngamapayipi wephrofayili. Uhlu lwabo luhlanganisa imiklamo elula kanye nokwethulwa kwamafomu abunjiweyo. Lapho wenza umsebenzi, kunezici. Zibheke ngemininingwane eminingi.

Ibhayisikobho

Ezitebhisini zikaMashi, idivaysi ibonakala ngezindiza eyodwa neziningi. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngamamashi ambalwa iqoqwa ekwakhiweni okukodwa ngeplatifomu yendawo evundlile noma ahlomise izinyathelo zohlobo olusebenzayo. Akudingekile ukuthi ukhulume ngesidingo sohlobo oluthile lwezinhlobo zezilwane. Bathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi ngokulinganayo. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukukhetha kuncike ngosayizi wendawo, okuqinisekisiwe ukufakwa kwezitebhisi.

Uma izitebhisi ziqukethe imashi eyodwa, kuzothatha indawo eyanele ngakho. Endabeni lapho kunokuntuleka kwesikhala, kuzofanele kwakhiwe umkhiqizo ngale ndlela ukuze uthathe indawo encane ngangokunokwenzeka. Abaningi bazama ukukhulisa amandla ezitebhisi, okuholela ekuphazamiseka lapho kuqhubeka khona.

Isitebhisi esine-steepness enkulu singahlelwa kuphela ukuze kuguqulwe ezakhiweni zenhloso yezomnotho.

Isitebhisi ngeMashi eyodwa, ukuthatha indawo endlini, ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise kahle isikhala ngaphansi kwaso. Imvamisa ifakwe ngaphansi kwamakhabethe, nich noma igumbi lokugcina. Futhi imikhiqizo enjalo ifakwe emnyango wendlu. Uhlobo olufanele lungasetshenziswa ukushaya i-attic.

Ngokuya kokonga isikhala, kufakwa ama-design amakhasi amabili. Imvamisa efakwe ekhoneni lekamelo ezindongeni ngakwesokudla. Kwesinye isikhathi baphenduka ithuba ngo-180 noma bahlele ama-Mashi amathathu. Kulula kakhulu ekufakweni yizitebhisi ezinenkundla yokudlala.

Ngezinyathelo zesikhathi esengeziwe kuzodingeka ukuthi zibe ne-tinker. Kepha ekuvikeleni izinhlaka ezinjalo, singasho ukuthi zibukeka zikhanga ngokwengeziwe ekwakhiweni.

Izitebhisi ezijikelezayo ezenziwe ngamapayipi wephrofayili ngezinyathelo ezisebenzayo

Kulufa

Ukusuka kokukhethwa kukho okuhlangene, uhlobo lwesikulufa lwesitebhisi lumakwe. Ukuvela koqobo lwangempela noluhle, bese ufaka umkhiqizo, ngisho nasemkhathini we-1.5 × 1.5 m. Izinhlaka ezinjalo zivame ukuba nesithenjwa esiseduze nezinyathelo ezinamathiselwe kuzo izinyathelo. Okokugcina onqenqemeni kungathembela ekuxazululeni okuphukile noma amapuleti ensimbi.

Kepha naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo, kunezinsolo zokwakhiwa kwesikulufa. Ngakho-ke, umkhiqizo awuvumeli ukukhulisa izinto ezinkulu zefenisha. Ukuze ukunyakaza kwabaqashi, ngisho nezandla ezingenalutho azikhululekile. Yanelisekile nge-screw Staircase kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu lapho kungekho okunye ukuphuma.

Kunobunzima ekubaleni nasekufakweni. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukwenza isitebhisi esinjalo ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho okuqondile.

Uma, naphezu kokuncipha kwemikhiqizo yesikulufa, kukhona abalandeli balolu hlobo lwezakhiwo, ochwepheshe beluleka eduze kwephrojekthi kuhlobo lwe-Twilty of masters ambalwa futhi bandise ukuvulwa. Kulokhu, sebenzisa isitebhisi sesitebhisi esilula kakhulu.

Isihloko ngesihloko: isihlalo esinoguquko ezitebhisini: Izinhlobo zezakhiwo nezici zomsebenzi ozimele

Isitebhisi esivimbela uhlangothi

Isitebhisi

Enye yezinto ezihlukile zedivayisi yezitebhisi ezivela epayipi lephrofayili ziyisitebhisi sezitebhisi. Uma abaqashi bahlala endlini yangasese, isitebhisi sokugoqa singenye yemikhiqizo edingekayo epulazini. Iphrofayili yensimbi enesigaba sesiphambano se-40 × 40 mm ye-racks yama-racks kanye nama-20 × 20 mm ngokufaka ibhasiwe, kanye nezindlela ezihlangenwe nakho, ama-bolts nezikulufa.

Ama-Hinges azokwenza ukwakheka kokugoqwa, futhi ukuze kunganyamalali ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, kuhlinzekwa ngabamivilo.

Ngokufakwa kwesitebhisi ngezandla zabo kuyadingeka ukuba namathuluzi nesipiliyoni nabo. Ukudonswa kwangaphambi kokudonsela phansi, okukuvumela ukuba wenze ngokushesha nangokunemba. Isibonelo sohlelo olunjalo luvezwa esithombeni esingezansi. Uhlobo olulula olungathatha indawo yesitebhisi esifanelekile kusuka epayipi lephrofayili.

Kuvidiyo: Izitebhisi eziphuma nge-prosuptruby zenze ngokwakho.

Yini okudingeka uyazi lapho ubala noma yiziphi izitebhisi?

Izibalo zezitebhisi ezivela kwi-Profstrub ziyefana nemiklamo evela kwezinye izinto. Inqubo ayiyinkimbinkimbi, kepha idinga ukulungiswa kwephrojekthi. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhombisa yonke imingcele yezitebhisi ezivela epanini lephrofayili kulowo umdwebo, indawo yamakhona kanye nezinguquko ezincane kakhulu ngohlobo lomkhiqizo.

Izindlela eziphambili ezidinga ukubhekwa lapho zidweba iphrojekthi yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo:

• ubude bezitebhisi noma imashi;
• I-Mark Angle;
• Ububanzi besikhathi;
• Ukuphakama kwesikhulisi;
• ububanzi bezinyathelo;
• Ubukhulu bendima ngaphansi kwezitebhisi.

Uhlobo ngalunye lwezitebhisi lunezici zalo ekufakweni okumele kubhekwe lapho kubalwa futhi kuvunywa uhlelo.

Ukubalwa kwe-Mashing Design

Izibalo zezitebhisi zomashi ziqala ngokunquma ukuphakama kwezitebhisi. Kwenze lula. Kuyadingeka ukukala ibanga ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu kuya phezulu phansi.

Ukusebenziseka lula ukunyakaza akunikezeli nje kuphela ukuqina komkhiqizo, kodwa futhi nobubanzi besiteji, ukuphakama kwengozi. Amapharamitha ajwayelekile afakiwe kuwo womabili amapharamitha: Usayizi wesiteji uyahlukahluka kusuka ku-200 kuya ku-400 mm, kanye nengozi - kusuka ngo-150 kuya ku-200 mm.

Ekusebenzeni, ukuphambuka kuvame ukwenzeka, kepha kuhlanganisa ukunyakaza ezitebhisini kusuka kwimikhiqizo yensimbi.

Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuhambisana nokulingana phakathi kwalezi zindinganiso. Kuyadingeka ukubala ngokusho kwefomula: A + B = 470 mm, lapho kuphakama khona i-riser, ububanzi be-b

Ngemuva kokuthola amapharamitha we-sticky futhi i-riser aqhubekele ekubalweni kwenani lezinyathelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukuphakama kwe-span kuhlukaniswe ukuphakama kwengozi. Lapho-ke ukuqagela kwezitebhisi kunqunywe. Kubalwa ngokuphindaphinda ububanzi besiteji kuya kwinani lezinyathelo.

Ekhaya, inani eliphansi lobubanzi be-span lingu-800 mm. Lapho unaka yonke imithetho, izitebhisi ezingehora elilodwa ngokuphakama kophahla ka-2,5 m unokuqagela phansi kusuka ku-5 m. Ngakho-ke, ngokuntuleka kwendawo yokuhlala, kungcono ukuhlela izakhiwo ze-swivel zibe yimashi eminingana.

Esigabeni esilandelayo, kuyacutshungulwa ukubala ubude bomgibeli. Lapha i-Theorem Pythagora izosiza. Amakhekhe ukuphakama kwesikhala kanye nokuqagela kwawo phansi. Kuyadingeka ukusonga izigcawu zalezi zinkomba, bese ususa impande yesikwele kusukela umphumela. Idijithi ephumela futhi izosho ubude be-kowra.

Lapho kubalwa, azikho izinombolo ezivame ukutholakala. Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukubahlanganisa nabo njalo kwabakhulu.

Ukubalwa ku-Pythagoreo Theorem: l = √ (D² + h²)

Enye ipharamitha eqinisekisa induduzo yokunyakaza ezitebhisini, i-stepness yayo. Ngokwawo wonke amazinga, idivaysi ekhethekile yokusebenzisa unomphela kufanele ibe ne-angle yokuthambekela kusuka ku-23 kuye ku-37. Ukuzijwayeza, i-angle ephezulu yokuthambekela ingafinyelela kuma-40.

Ukubalwa kwesitebhisi sesitebhisi

Kuyaqabukela lapho isitebhisi esivulekile esitezi sesibili ukusuka epayipi lephrofayili selihlelwe ukuze kugcinwe isixazululo soMklami. Kaningi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhala endlini. Izindleko zedizayini yesikhathi kanye nezezimali zedlula imashi.

Ukubalwa kwezakhiwo zesikulufa kwenziwa kangcono usebenzisa umshini wokubala online, njengoba benesimo esiyindilinga. Kepha, uma kunesifiso nesipiliyoni, khona-ke ungakwazi ukubala futhi ngesandla.

Ekuqaleni, uzobheka amagama amapharamitha asetshenziselwa ukubala imikhiqizo yohlobo lwesikulufa:

• "H" - ukuphakama okuthe mpo komkhiqizo, ukuphakama kophahla kanye nobukhulu bokugcwala kunqunywe;
• "H1" - ibanga phakathi kwejika. Kusho ukuphakama phakathi kwezinyathelo ezitholakala ngokuqinile phezu komunye nomunye;
• "H" - ukuphakama kwesikhumulo;
• "H1" - Ukujula kwesigaba;
• "R" - inani lemisebe yangaphandle yomkhiqizo, umugqa wokufakwa kwezilwane;
• "R1" - I-radius engaphakathi ayifaki ukujaha;
• "R" - i-radius yokuxhaswa okuphakathi.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukwenza kanjani izitebhisi ngezandla zakho: Ukukhetha uhlobo lokwakha, ukubalwa kwamapharamitha nokufakwa

Ukubalwa kwezibalo empeleni kususelwa kwimigomo efakiwe yokwakheka kwesikulufa, kwethulwe ngezansi:

• Ezindaweni ezidlula emgqeni we-radius esebenzayo, lapho umuntu evame ukufaka imilenze yakhe, ukujula kokunye kufanele kube ngo-200-400 mm.

• Ukujula kwesiteji ekusekelweni (kude kwe-10-15 cm kusuka kulo) kufanele kube okungenani i-100 mm. Ukuphakama kwe-riser kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-120 kuya ku-220 mm.

• Inani eliphansi lobubanzi bokuphuma kwezakhiwo zesikulufa yi-100 cm, uma kungekho ku-Perill - kuze kufike ku-150 cm.

Noma yikuphi ukubala kuqala ngezilinganiso. Kuyadingeka ukuchaza kahle ipharamitha ye-radius yangaphandle, ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kanye nendawo yamaphuzu wokufaka nokukhipha, okuthiwa yi-spinning angle. Bese uqhubekela ekubaleni.

Isibonelo sokubala ngo- "R" m, "H" = 3 m, nge-angle esontekile engu-360 iyanqunywa. Ngala magugu, ubude bemashi abasebenzayo bunqunywa kusetshenziswa iFomula 2 * N * R1. Ngokuvamile kungu-2/3 kusuka kunani lepharamitha yangaphandle. Ngokwemininingwane eyethulwe, 2/3 * 2 * 3,14 * 1000 = 4190 mm = 4.19 m izotholwa.

Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, inani lezinyathelo ezisefomula enkulu n = l / h1 ibalwa. Sichaza amanani we- "H1" = 250 mm futhi sithola u-4190/20050 = 16.79. Kuyadingeka ukuzungeza iningi, ekugcineni sithola iqiniso lokuthi lesi sinyathelo sokugcina sihambelana nezinga lesitezi sesibili, khona-ke izinto esizitholayo eziyi-16.

Ububanzi obuncane kakhulu besiteji esisesisekelweni ngu-100 mm. Bala inani endaweni ebanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qala ngokuthola ubude bemashi yangaphandle ngokuya ngefomula ye-2pr. Ngemuva kokwenza izibalo, sithola ama-6280 mm = 6.28 m. Ukwehlukanisa inani eliphumela kwinani lezinyathelo, sithola u-6280/17 = 369 mm.

Ukubalwa kokuphakama kwengozi kwenziwa ngomgomo ofanayo nangesakhiwo sokuma. Ukuphakama kwe-3 m kuhlukaniswe ngenani lezinyathelo, ngenxa yalokho sine-176 mm. Ukusebenziseka kahle kobukhulu kwenziwa ngokuya ngeFomula 2H + H¹ elilinganayo kusuka ku-600 kuye ku-650 mm. Ngemuva kokwenza ukulungisa, sithola umphumela ka-190 mm.

Yakha ukwakhiwa

Lapho esebhekane nomsebenzi onzima kakhulu, ngezibalo, qhubekela kwi-Marckup yephrofayili kanye nokwakhiwa kohlaka emidwebeni. Le nqubo ilula, ngakho-ke baya ngqo e-Welding of Elements kusuka kumapayipi. Abanye bakhetha ukuxhuma kuma-fasteners, kepha kunzima kakhulu futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ake sibheke imininingwane yokupheka izitebhisi kusuka epayipi lephrofayili.

Qoqa isikhathi sokumasha

Ukufakwa kwe-Mark Design Design kuya kohlobo lwayo:

• ukuqinisa ngokuthengisa okuqinisiwe okuqinisile;
• Izinto ze-welding kanye nemfundo yezifo.

Epayipi elilodwa lephrofayili

Kokukhethwa kokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthenga i-ProptTrubube enesigaba esisezingeni eliphakeme se-150 × 150 mm. Kuzoqinisekisa amandla athembekile. Ngokuza, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukwesekwa. Amashidi wensimbi 3-4 mm asezingeni labo, ububanzi obufanele abe ½ amanani okusola emjovo.

Ukupheka ogwini lwezinyathelo zepayipi kungaba ngezindlela eziningana:

1. Ezindaweni zokubopha, izinyathelo ezinesinyathelo esithile zifakwa kusengaphambili amashidi alungiselelwe, abeke izinyathelo ngezinyathelo. Kepha emthungo oyedwa welding, izinto ngeke ziwumise umthwalo. Kuyadingeka ukubanikeza ngesipele. Indima yayo ingadlala izingcezu zokuqiniswa kusuka ekhasini elifanayo noma iphrofayili encane. Kepha ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi ama-aesthetics esitebhisi esinjalo awekho ezingeni eliphakeme.

2. Idizayini yenketho yesibili ikhanga kakhulu. Okokuqala, imininingwane yokwesekwa kusuka ngepayipi elifanayo nengxenye yenkampani ethwala. Enye yeziphetho inqunywa engela yokuthambekela kwezitebhisi. Kule ndawo, ukwesekwa kufakwa esisekelweni. Kusukela ekugcineni kwesibili, amapuleti afakwa izinyathelo.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Izinzuzo zezitebhisi ze-Transformer kanye nezinhlobo zabo (abakhiqizi abadumile)

Umthwalo esitebhisini uyabonakala, ikakhulukazi lapho uthinta ipayipi eliyinhloko phansi. Udinga ukusabalalisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo. Lapho uthinta ishubhu elisekelayo ngokugqashuka, udinga ukuklebhula ipuleti yensimbi ngobukhulu obungu-5 mm.

Ubukhulu bepuleti kufanele bukhulu kakhulu kunalawo asetshenziselwa ukwesekwa ngaphansi kwesinyathelo.

Okolweni Ophukile

Uhlobo olulandelayo lwesitebhisi sefreyimu kusuka epayipi lephrofayili luyi-Mashi ephukile, esikhundleni semishayo emikhiqizweni yokhuni. Ama-pluses ayo afaka izindleko eziphansi nesisindo esiphansi, uma kuqhathaniswa nomkhiqizo ngepayipi elilodwa. Amapayipi athengwa ngesigaba sesiphambano se-40 × 60 mm. Kuvunyelwe okuthe xaxa, kepha akukho ngaphansi.

Ukushiswa kohlaka kukhiqizwa futhi ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Okokuqala, amabhilithi ahambelana nezimo kanye ne-riser ngokufakwa kobukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo kuyasikwa. Lapho-ke izinto ezilandelanayo zibhalwe ngama-engeli angakwesokudla bese zilungiselela iKosur. Okubi kwale ndlela kufaka phakathi umsebenzi onobuningi be-welding kanye nethuba lesakhiwo esingalingani.

2. Indlela yesibili yokufudumala ubuhle futhi ibhekisela kwelinye lamaphaphu. Kuyadingeka epayipini ohlangothini olulodwa ukusika i-brine, ingxenye ngesimo sokulungiswa ngaphandle kwe-anase. Uhlangothi olulodwa lwezinto ezibonakalayo luhlala luthintwa. Emva kwalokho, ipayipi lingene ekwakhekeni kwe-angle eqondile, yenza amalunga.

Ukuxhaswa kwezinyathelo kutholakala ngenxa yokufaka amakhona aphezulu ama-cosos phakathi kwalo ngeshubhu elincane.

Isikulufa umhlangano

Ukufakwa kwezitebhisi ezenziwe ekhaya ziqala ngokufakwa kokusekelwa kwepayipi ngokuqondile ngokuqondile. Indima yayo kufanele isebenze ingxenye ngesigaba sesiphambano esiyindilinga futhi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kufanelekile umthwalo omkhulu kuwo. Phansi esisekelweni sokusekelwa, ipulatifomu eliminyene nelithembekile lifakiwe. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokwakha, isiphambano sithunyelwa futhi sithenjiswa uthayi ukhonkolo.

Okulandelayo, iya kusekelwa ngaphansi kwesinyathelo. Kungenzeka futhi zenziwe ngezindlela ezimbili, ngokuya ngengxenye yesiphambano ye-True Tube:

1. Ukusuka kwensimbi-mill ngesigaba sesiphambano se-20 × 20 mm noma 30 × 30 mm, izingxenye zifakwa. Kufanele kube nefomu eliphindaphinda i-perimeter yezinyathelo ezizayo. Ukuze ungahlupheki ngokufaneleka ngosayizi wemininingwane ngayinye, ungaqala ukwenza isikhunta. Kusuka emabhaki lokhuni, kwakhiwa ifomu elifunekayo futhi linamathiselwe ephepheni le-plywood. Ihlala ingaphakathi kokufaka izingxenye zensimbi futhi ihlukanisene.

2. Ngendlela yesibili, amapayipi anengxenye yesiphambano engama-40 × 60 mm athengiwe. Ukushiswa kwe-welding, izinto ezilingana nemisebe esebenzayo ziyasikwa. Ngokwesiphetho ngasinye, izingxenye zifakwa engxenyeni efanayo yesiphambano kanye nobude obungaphansi kwamasayizi aphansi kakhulu kunosayizi ngohlobo lwezincwadi "T".

Ngemuva kokulungiselela izisekeli, zifakwa ezitebhisini ezisuselwa kubuyise endaweni yezinyathelo ngokuya ngephrojekthi. Ngokwethenjwa okukhulu, ukusekelwa kwezinyathelo kuqiniswa yi-backup enamathiselwe esisekelweni.

Umsebenzi wokuqeda

Uhlaka lwe-Homemade Staircase lulungile, futhi sekuyisikhathi sokwenza isiphetho sangaphandle. Iningi lalokhu kusetshenziswa lesi sihlahla. Izinto zokhuni zezinyathelo zikhethwe ngobukhulu okungenani be-40 mm. Ukukhombisa ingxenye yamuva yomkhiqizo nokusebenzisa impahla ngobukhulu obuncane bokubi.

Ukuvikela ipayipi lephrofayili kusuka ekugcekeni, kuqala kuhlanzwa kusuka othulini nasekungcoleni, isikhala se-welding sihlanzwa ngefayela. Ukonakele, omanzi futhi usebenzise upende ngezingalo ezi-2-3.

Endabeni lapho ukufakwa kwezitebhisi kuhlelwa ukuthi kwenziwe ngokuzimela, khona-ke inketho enamapayipi wephrofayili ilungile. Inqubo ilula kakhulu kunasezakhiweni sokhuni, futhi ukuthembeka kuphakeme kakhulu. Ukulandela izincomo ezethulwe kokuqukethwe kwe-athikili, okukhishwa kuzokwethenjwa, kufakwe ngokuqinile izitebhisi ezinamapayipi wephrofayili.

Izibonelo zohlaka lwe-Staircase (3 video)

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitebhisi kusuka ku-proptsub (izithombe ezingama-50)