Izingane eziningi zesikole zinikeza imisebenzi ethile ehlobo kwi-biology. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ukuqoqa amasampula omhlaba wesitshalo. Ukwakha i-herbarium emaqabungeni ngezandla zakho, kuzodingeka wenze umzamo omkhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe kahle izitshalo, zomise futhi uhlele kahle i-albhamu ekhethekile. Isigaba esincane se-master ekwenzeni iqoqo elimisiwe lamaqabunga lizokusiza ukuthi usekele i-nerd young emisebenzini yakhe. Ukusuka ezintweni zokwakha u-athikili uzofunda imithetho yokubeletha futhi ungahlela kahle i-albhamu ye-botanical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizotshela ngenye indlela yokudala iqoqo lezimila.
Imisebenzi yesayensi yeBotany yavumela umuntu wesimanje ukuba abe nomqondo wezitshalo ezingandile. Izinhlobo eziningana zinyamalala nsuku zonke, kanti ezintsha ziza zizongena esikhundleni sazo. Ukuze kulondolozwe ulwazi lwabameleli be-Flora ngakunye, kube nendlela yokuziqamba ngesimo sencwadi enamarekhodi mayelana nendawo yokuqoqa kanye nezimo zemvelo zesampula.
Yini i-herbarium
Igama le-herbarium livela egameni lesiLatini elithi Herba - "utshani". Imelela iqoqo lezitshalo ezomile ezibhalwe kusikhombi esikhethekile. U-Italian Botanist uLuca Gini waba umuntu wokuqala owayeqoqa i-herbarium esebenzisa iphepha. Lokhu okuqukethwe yi-hygroscopic kakhulu futhi kuvumela isikhathi eside ukugcina impahla eqoqwe.
Kulezi zinsuku, ososayensi abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi zeBotany bazibandakanye eqoqweni kanye nokwakhiwa kweHerbaris, umsebenzi oholayo emazweni angama-168. Amaqoqo amakhulu ezitshalo atholakala ezikhungweni zesayensi zase-US, eFrance, eRussia, eSwitzerland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasu wanamuhla akuvumela ukuthi ugcine imininingwane hhayi kuphela ngendlela yakudala - okwamanje kukhona okuthiwa yi-herberies yedijithali. Ziskena izithombe zamashidi egiya ngolwazi oluphelele lwesampula. Uma ungabona amaqoqo amakhulu kunawo wonke, kuphela ngokuvakashela iMnyuziyamu noma i-Science Institute, bese kuthi izinhlu ze-elekthronikhi zitholakala online.
Isihloko ngesihloko: I-Orangutang Crochet enencazelo kanye nezinhlelo: I-Master Class ngevidiyo
Qoqa i-Herbarium ekhaya kuwo wonke umuntu, ngoba ngalezi zinhloso kukhona iphepha elikhethekile, i-glue, cindezela amasampula okomisa, amafolda okugcina. Kepha ukudala iqoqo, akudingekile ukusebenzisa lezi zinto zokwakha nhlobo, kwanele ukukhombisa ubuciko obuthile futhi kwafakwa lapho kuthathwa khona lokho okuthathwa. Ungabona imibono ekwakhiweni:
Ungaqoqa kanjani izinto
Ukuhamba ngokuhlangene nengane ngemuva kwamasampula ehlathini noma epaki kuzoletha inzuzo enkulu nenjabulo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, leli yithuba elihle lokufudumala, ukuphefumula umoya omusha bese ugcwalise imithwalo yolwazi mayelana nabamele umhlaba wesitshalo.
Njengokuqoqwa kwamasampula e-herbarium, kufanele ulandele imithetho elandelayo:
- Iqoqo lezinto ezibonakalayo zenziwa kuphela esimweni sezulu esomile;
- Kungcono ukuqoqa amasampula eduze kwemini, lapho amazolo ekuseni esevele evele;
- Izitshalo zisuswa emhlabathini ngokuphelele ukuze zonke izitho zazo zihlazizwe;
- Amakhophi amakhulu (izihlahla, izihlahlana), izingxenye ezivelele kakhulu ezikhethiwe ezizosiza ekuboneni isampula;
- Lapho uqoqa iqoqo elicebile, linqunywe yingxenye ebukhali yommese wokuphunyuka ukuze uhlobo lwamapuleti lubonakale;
- Okuqukethwe kuqoqwa kuphela lapho kungekho khona izifo nezinambuzane, iminonjana emakiwe;
- Qiniseka ukuthi ulungiselela incwadi yokubhalela kanye nesibambo ngaphambi kokuhamba, ngoba hhayi amasampula kuphela abalulekile eHerbarium, kodwa futhi nencazelo yawo;
- Okwesampula ngayinye, udinga ukuthatha izimo eziningana. Uma iqoqo limnandi, ungaqoqa okuhlukahlukene kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ngesimo nokufaka ipuleti.
Ungakha iqoqo lezitshalo zombili eziqoqwe ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ngokukhetha isigaba esihlukile, ngokwesibonelo, izitshalo zokwelapha, amakhambi okhula, amakhambi egumbi lezimbali, njll.
Amaqabunga omisiwe
Indlela elula yokumisa e-Vivo ibhekwa njengokumiswa phakathi kwamakhasi encwadi. Uma amahlamvu ayengamanzi futhi anoshukela omnandi kakhulu, le nketho ilungile ngokuphelele.
Ukuze ungaphangi i-edition ebizayo, indlela yangaphambi komzila phakathi kwamashidi awo kanye nongqimba lwephepha.
Izinhlobo eziqoqiwe zitholakala esomisweni kwelinye isendlalelo. Bangena umoya nsuku zonke futhi badlulisela kwamanye amashidi encwadi ukugwema isikhunta. Incwadi evela phezulu ingacindezelwa yi-Press ukuze amasampula angakhanyi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-10, ungaqala ukudala iqoqo.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Yini okudingeka uyazi ngaphambi kokunamathela isithombe sangemuva sesithombe?
Indlela elandelayo yokumisa ejwayelekile ifaka ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi. Amasampula aqoqiwe abekwe phakathi kwamashidi amabili ephepha elimhlophe nokushaywa unhlangothi ngemodi yokushisa ephakathi. Udinga ukulungiswa ngeqiniso lokuthi i-ExceriRacity (isampula eyomile) izolahlekelwa umbala wemvelo.
I-albhamu Design
Ukuhlela i-Herbarium ukuya esikoleni, ungasebenzisa i-albhamu ejwayelekile yezifundo zokudweba, kepha akulona iphepha eliminyene lingachithwa ngemuva kokugcwala i-exciphet. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuqoqa amashidi e-herbaric ngokwahlukana. Ngokwakheka kwabo, thatha:
- Amakhadibhodi amhlophe amnyama (inani lamashidi lilingana nenani lezitshalo ezomile);
- Ama-albhamu amashidi;
- Imichilo kusuka kumakhadibhodi okuhlobisa amakhadi ahlanganisiwe 4 ngo-12 cm;
- Imingcele eminingi;
- I-PVA glue, isikhafu, imicu, punch hole.
Amaqabunga aqoqiwe asuse kahle endaweni yokugcina impahla. Afake i-lamella ekhasini le-landscape lisebenzisa i-PVA glue.
Amakhadibhodi agcobisisa nge-glue futhi anamathele kumashidi we-albhamu anamaqabunga omisiwe.
Ukugcina isampula futhi uyivikele othulini, sebenzisa i-multifora, uthathe izingxenye ezi-2 noma ukulandelela okuncane. Indawo evikelayo ephepheni, isebenzisa umucu wamakhadibhodi ohlanganisiwe bese uqhuba umklamo ngomgodi. Khiya ishidi ngalinye lentambo ehlala isikhathi eside.
Kusampula ngayinye, glue ilebula engezansi kwekhasi elibonisa indawo nesikhathi sokuqoqwa, amagama, izimfanelo zomuntu ngamunye wesitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokho, amashidi adinga ukuthungwa ndawonye futhi anamathisele ikhava. Kulokhu, izithombe ezenziwe ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa futhi ziphathwe kusihleli sezithombe ngesimo se-collage zisetshenziswa.
Ungasebenzisa ifolda ejwayelekile, ifaka amashidi egiya kuwo.
Ukukhetha okungajwayelekile
Kwesinye isikhathi umsebenzi othokozisayo wokulungiselela ukuqoqwa kwezitshalo uqala ukunikeza izingane kakhulu ngaphambili. Ukuze ingane ibe nentshisekelo yokubheka i-herbarium ye-kindergarten, siphakamisa ukuthi uyihlele ngendlela ethokozisayo - ukulala.
Amashidi eshidi angenziwa kwinhlama kasawoti, udaka. Esimweni sokuqala, inhlama ixubene iresiphi eyisisekelo: Hlanganisa usawoti ongajulile kanye nofulawa ngokulingana okulinganayo, qinisa amanzi kuze kube yilapho isisindo sepulasitiki sitholakale.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Amaphethini we-Crochet aminyene amajazi: amacebo ngencazelo nevidiyo
Roll mencallions amancane enhlama. Faka amaqabunga kuwo nge-PIN egoqayo nemithambo. Cindezela ukomisa inhlama, ngemuva kwalokho ususa iqabunga bese ufaka umbala endaweni ye-OTTIS.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-cast lwenziwe ngodaka. Le ndlela ayiyinkimbinkimbi, kepha umphumela uzoba isithombe esihle futhi esihlala isikhathi eside. Ukukwenza, uzodinga:
- Isikhwama sepulasitiki;
- Ipuleti lepulasitiki;
- Ipulaciini (ungaguga);
- Gypsum, amanzi;
- amaqabunga aqoqiwe;
- upende.
Inqubo ilula kakhulu, ukufundiswa kwesithombe kuzokuvumela ukuthi uyibone ngokuningiliziwe.
Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi umbono kufanele udwetshwe kuwe.
Gcwalisa bese ushiya kuze ukomise okuphelele.
Sithatha ipulasitiki.
Shaya, ukumboza nge-varnish.
Iphaneli enjalo izothatha indawo efanelekile engaphakathi futhi iyoba ukuziqhenya kwangempela kwengane.
Ividiyo ngesihloko
Sikumema ukuba ubone ukukhethwa kwamavidiyo lapho ufunda khona ukwenza i-herbarium ngezandla zakho.