Izitebhisi Zenze ngokwakho: Yini ongayikhetha ukuthi uyibala kanjani futhi yenze?

Kuze kube manje, izindlu zezwe zakhiwa ikakhulukazi ezitezi eziningana, ngakho-ke umbuzo wokwakhiwa kwezitebhisi kuyavela. Idizayini ingenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, ngokuya ngesisusa sendabuko noma sanamuhla. Izinto ezithandwayo zokwakhiwa ziyisihlahla. Izitebhisi zokhuni ezenziwe ngezandla zakho, zibukeka zinhle futhi zicebile, kuyilapho zizobiza ngokungabizi kakhulu.

ulwazi oluvamile

Ukwazi ukwenza izitebhisi ezandleni zakho, kubalulekile ukufunda izinhlobo nezinketho zokucushwa, yenza ukulungiswa okulungile kwezinto zokwakha. Ukulandela imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ungaqoqa izitebhisi eziqinile, uthathe isipiliyoni ukuze usebenze futhi uhlobene nokuthuthuka kwasekhaya.

Kubalulekile ukunquma amapharamitha alandelayo:

• ukuphakama okungokwezitolo;
• Izinga lomthwalo ovumelekile;
• Indlela yesikwele samahhala, esingabiwa ngaphansi kwezitebhisi;
• Izakhi (uhlobo lokubiyela, izinyathelo, ububanzi bawo nokuphakama).

Ukuvela komklamo kungenzeka kube okuhlukahlukene kakhulu. Konke kuncike ekuncamiseni okuthandwayo kanye nemicabango yabanikazi.

Izinto eziphambili zezitebhisi

Isitebhisi sinezinto eziningi, ezinye zazo eziphoqelekile, ezinye - Ezisizayo futhi zingasetshenziswa njengomhlobiso omuhle noma ukuze kube lula

• Izigaba. Songa kusuka ezingxenyeni ezivundlile nezimi mpo, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-riser futhi ziyeza. Ama-Risers asebenza njengokusekelwa kokunamathela, kepha ungakwenza ngaphandle kwawo.

• Ukusekelwa kwezinyathelo. Njengoba kunje, ukulinganisa kungasebenza kanjalo, kugcina izinyathelo ezivela emaphethelweni, noma iKosur - ugongolo, olusekela izinga kusuka phansi.

• Balasins. Ifake amapulatifomu athe mpompi, njengomthetho, awasebenzi kuphela, kodwa futhi ehlobisa. Kungahle kube nezindlela ezahlukahlukene kanye nokucushwa, kwenziwa kusuka ezintweni ezahlukahlukene.

• Handrail. Bayingxenye ebalulekile yocingo, enamathiselwe phezulu kwe-balusne, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ingasebenza njengento ehlukile yokusekelwa (lapho izitebhisi ziseduze nodonga). Kungcono ukusebenzisa amakhaya anezingane ezincane nabantu asebekhulile.

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Ukukhetha uhlobo lwesitebhisi

Lapho ukhetha uhlobo lwesitebhisi, kufanele ugxile ezimweni ezithile ezijwayelekile futhi unakekele ukwakheka kwezakhiwo. Okulandelayo, cabanga ukuthi ingabe ileli elisesihlahleni lingaba yini.

-Lula

Ngaphansi kwezitebhisi ezilula (ezijwayelekile) ziwukuklanywa komugqa owodwa ngesandla okubandakanya izitimela, ama-boosters, eza nezikhuphukeli. Ukuphakama kwesitebhisi esinjalo kulingana nebanga eliphakathi nendawo kanye nobukhulu bokugqagqana. Ububanzi nobukhulu bomkhiqizo ngqo kuya ngesikhala samahhala egumbini, lapho ukufakwa kuhlelwe, kanye nokuthandwa ngumuntu.

-Sikhashana

Lo mklamo unamathiselwe kuphela emishameni yokugqagqana. Phansi, njengomthetho, akuxhunyiwe. Njengokusekelwa kwezinyathelo, kufakwa abahloli - amabhodi amabili aqhamuka ezixhunyiwe ezinhlelweni zefomu. Izinyathelo zingenziwa zikhale amabhodi abanzi abekiwe.

Izitebhisi ngeplatifomu

Ibala lokudlala livame ukuklanywa ngaphansi kokuvulwa phakathi kwezitezi, ezizokhulisa indawo. Ukuze kube lula kakhulu nokusebenza, izitebhisi ikakhulukazi zakha ngendlela yokuthi ixhumanisa amakamelo amaningana ngasikhathi sinye.

Ukukhetha kohlobo lokuklama

Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwezitebhisi ezivela esihlahleni, udinga ukucabanga ngemininingwane ethile yephrojekthi. Nquma ngokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo. Ukwabela ukumasha, izikulufa, izitebhisi ezifundeni, futhi, njengoba ngaphambili sekuchaziwe, ekukhuleni naseCosos. Imodeli ngayinye inezinzuzo ezithile nobubi.

Ibhayisikobho

Le inketho evame kakhulu yendlu yangasese engaqoqwa kalula ngokhuni. Idizayini elula ibonakala ngokulingana kanye nokusebenza kalula. Ngokusekelwe ekuphakameni kwesitezi sesibili, izakhiwo eziqondile zinesikhala esisodwa noma ezimbili. Idivayisi enjalo isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko emakamelweni ngenani elilinganiselwe lesikhala samahhala. Izitebhisi zalolu hlobo azidingi ukubalwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke kulula ukwenza ezazo.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Izinhlobo nezinzuzo zezitebhisi zokhuni [Izinketho Zokusebenza Kwasezingeni]

Izinhlobo zezitebhisi zokumasha:

• Uhlobo oluvaliwe noma oluvulekile. Esimweni sokuqala, izinyathelo zinezimpikiswano, okwesibili - zihlome ngaphandle kwazo.

• Swivel. Ukwabelwa okunjalo ohlangothini lokunyakaza kungaba okulungile (ukushintshanisa iwashi), kwesobunxele (okuphikisayo).

• Ngezinyathelo ezisebenzayo. Uma kunethuba elincane, khona-ke esikhundleni sesayithi ungenza izigaba ezisebenzayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitebhisi eziqondile zokumaka ziyi-quarter-ehamba ngekota, isemidatory noma isiyingi. Ukukhetha ukukwenza, kususelwa esikhaleni samahhala nokuthandwa nguwe.

EBolzakh

Ama-Batsies angama-bolts akhethekile axhasa izinyathelo. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, izitebhisi zasekhaya ezifundeni zasekhaya ziyindawo enamathiselwe ama-bolts. Intaba yenziwa odongeni nasezinyathelweni ngokwazo. Idizayini ibukeka imfashini enhle futhi yanamuhla, ilula nomoya, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwezinto kungenzeka hhayi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitebhisi.

Izitebhisi zalolu hlobo zingalulwa noma zihlangene. Ngaphandle kokubonakala kalula, inamandla amakhulu kanye nokwethenjwa, kungamelana nemithwalo ebalulekile.

Kulufa

Idizayini yalolu hlobo iyinkimbinkimbi ekufakweni, kepha enye yezinzuzo eziphambili ukuthi kungenzeka indawo yokuhlala endaweni ephansi. Ukuhlangana kwalesi sakhiwo kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isigaba segumbi, okwenza kube yisisekelo sokwakheka nokungezwa okuhle okungaphakathi. Ngendlu lapho kunesitezi sesibili, ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa kwesitebhisi esikhishini esinezinyathelo ezinama-rack kanye nezinyathelo ezenziwe nge-wedge zenziwa.

Ungakhululekile imodeli enjalo uma kwenzeka udinga ukukhulisa noma ukwehlisa ucezu lwefenisha jikelele. Akunconywa ukuyifaka endlini lapho kuhlala khona izingane nabantu asebekhulile.

Ekukhuleni

Amatende we-ladder athambekele khona imishayo lapho kufakwa khona izinyathelo kusuka ngaphakathi. Izinto zihlelwe ngokuqina okukhethekile, okunikezela ukuqina kwesakhiwo. Izitebhisi ezikhuleni zingavalwa noma zivuleke ukuguqulwa. Imiklamo yalolu hlobo ibhekwa njengomsebenzi wangempela wobuciko.

Ukuphela kwento okufanele ibhekwe ukuthi kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezimatheni udinga isikhala esithe xaxa kunakwamanye amamodeli.

Ku-kowras

AmaKosomers abiza imishayo exhasa izinyathelo ezivela phansi. Kubhekwa imishayo ehambisanayo, kwenziwa ingcindezi. Isitebhisi esinezitezi eziphakathi nezinyathelo ezibekwe kuKosur kubhekwa njengokusebenza okutholakala kalula, okulula futhi okuphephile ekusebenzeni. Ukukhiqizwa, uhlu lwezinhlobo ezinjalo, njenge-oki, i-pine, umlotha kanye ne-larch, zisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Ukubeka izinyathelo

Izinyathelo ziqukethe indawo enamathele - evundlile, futhi i-riser iyingxenye ebheke mpo. Ngokusekelwe kuphrojekthi yezitebhisi, umklamo ungaba ngaphandle kokuqondile, okungukusekelwa okwengeziwe kwezinyathelo.

Ekukhuleni

Kulokhu, umklamo uthatha ukufakwa kwama-grooves kuma-grooves kuya ekujuleni kuka-20-25 mm. Ama-grooves enziwa ngokusika, okuduma noma ngomsiki. Intambo ixhumeke ngokunwetshwa kwama-bolts ngezinyathelo (ku-Fig. Kuboniswe "a"). Izikulufu zokwelula zisephakathi kwezinto ezi-theetics, ngaphansi kwezidingo.

Ku-kowras

Mayelana nokwethenjwa nokulula, izakhiwo zithandwa kakhulu. Ama-kosomers anciphisa imishayo lapho kufakwa khona izinyathelo nezicibisholo ngaphezulu. Ingatholakala ezinhlangothini noma enkabeni yezitebhisi.

Izidingo zokwakha

Kunezidingo eziyisisekelo okufanele zibhekwe lapho ukhetha uhlobo nosayizi wesitebhisi:

• I-angle yokuthambekela kwezitebhisi ezakhiweni zokuhlala kufanele kube ngaphakathi kwe-30-45 °.
• Ububanzi obufanele bemashi wezitebhisi bungu-1000-1250 mm, ubuncane bungu-900 mm.
• Ukuze kube lula ukunyakaza ezitebhisini, ukuphakama kwesigaba kufanele kube ngu-15-19 cm, futhi ukujula (ububanzi be-sticky) ngu-20-30 cm.
• Ebukhoneni bokubiyela, ukuphakama kwesitimela kumele kube ngaphakathi kwama-800-900 mm, futhi ibanga phakathi kwabahluphi alikho ngaphezu kwe-150 mm.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kulokhu amanani anconyiwe avezwa. Ubukhulu obuqondile bufakwa ngawodwana ekhaya elithile.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Izici zezitebhisi ezivela kuphayini kanye nama-nuances wokuzidweba

Uhlelo lokuhlenga

Amamodeli amaningi ajwayelekile wendlu yangasese apilor izitebhisi eziqondile. Owokuqala uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, udinga ukubalwa kwezobunjiniyela abafanele. Akufanele igxile kuphela ezinhlelweni ezethulwe kwi-Intanethi, ngoba kubalulekile ukubheka imininingwane yesakhiwo, izici zekamelo, ukwakheka kanye nezinye izinto eziningi.

Ngokwenziwa ozimele, isinqumo esifanele kunazo zonke sibhekwa njengezitebhisi zokhuni ezimasha. Kulokhu, imininingwane yokwakheka ingahlukahluka, ngokusekelwe kokuthandwayo komuntu kanye nokwakhiwa kwekamelo.

Imidwebo

Umdwebo onemininingwane uzokhombisa umhlangano oqondile wokwakha egumbini, kube lula kanye nama-ergonomics wesakhiwo. Isibalo kufanele sibonise uhlobo lwezinsiza zesikhathi esizayo ngamapharamitha aqondile.

Ukulungiselela izinto zokwakha

Izitebhisi zokhuni zenziwa nge-oki, i-beech kanye ne-larch. Kwethulwe i-array ebizayo, ngakho-ke izinkuni zohlobo lwezinhlobo ze-coniferous zivame ukusetshenziswa. Inamandla okulinganiselwe, okulula ukucubungula futhi inezindleko ezingabizi.

Ukuthenga izinkuni, kufanelekile ukunaka ikhwalithi yamapulangwe e-sawn. Emabhodini akufanele kube nezimo ezivela ngaphandle, ukubola futhi kwehlisiwe.

Khetha izinkuni ezisezingeni eliphakeme nezemiswe kahle

Ukufaka isitebhisi sokhuni, ukuqoqa futhi ulungiselele izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Ama-Bruks ama-kosomers anobukhulu obungu-50 mm nobubanzi ngokuya ngemipharamitha yezinyathelo;
• Amabhodi wokunamathela, ubukhulu bama-40 mm;
• Izingodo zokusondela ngobukhulu obungama-30 mm;
• Ama-balasins, u-railing kanye nezinye izinto ezingcono ukungazenzi, kepha ukuthenga sekukulungele;
• Ama-anchor bolts, ama-screws kanye nezikulufo zokuzishaya nge-galvanized ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa.

Kuyadingeka ukuba namathuluzi afaka i-drill, isihlahla i-hacksaw, isikulufa, isando, i-electrorovka, i-roulette, ekhoneni lebhilidi kanye nombusi wokwakha kanye nombusi wokwakha kanye nombusi wokwakha kanye nombusi wokwakha kanye nombusi wesakhiwo nombusi.

Ukubalwa kwamapharamitha ayisisekelo

Ngokwakhiwa okuzimele kwesitebhisi, kubalulekile ukulungiselela iphrojekthi, ngokuya ngesibalo esifanele, ngoba ukubalwa okungekho emthethweni, ngoba ukwakhiwa okuphakathi kuzoholela ekungakhululeki kakhulu futhi kube yingozi.

Ububanzi

Ububanzi be-Stair Mashi bungahluka phakathi kwe-1000-1500 mm. Inkomba yobuncane ingu-900 mm - ilungele kakhulu izitebhisi zesikulufa. Ububanzi obufanele bemodeli yemashi ngu-1 m, ozokwakha ukunyuka okunethezekile nokuzalwa ezitebhisini.

Ukuphakama kwezitebhisi

Ukudweba umdwebo kufanele kwenziwe ngokubalwa kobukhulu obuphelele bokugqagqana kwe-inter-storey kanye phansi kwegumbi lesibili. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, isinyathelo sokugcina kufanele sibekwe kwelinye izinga nalo. Uma kwenzeka inani lezinyathelo ezimake izingcezu ezingaphezu kwezingu-18, ikakhulukazi ukwenza amasayithi aphakathi.

Ukuhlolwa kokuphakama

Ukuphakama okuphelele kwesikhala noma ibanga phakathi kwezinyathelo nophahla kungu-2 m. Lokhu kuphakama kwanele ukuthi umuntu athuthelwe kalula, hhayi ukuhlukumeza ngophahla noma izitebhisi ezingenhla.

-Qansayo

Kukhethwe inketho efanelekile, ngokususelwa ekucacisweni kwendlu nabantu, abahlala lapho. Ochwepheshe banconyelwe ukwenza ukubandlulula kuka-35-45 °, kudlula inkomba kuzokwenza ukuthi kukhuphuke ekukhuphukeni okuphezulu ezinganeni ezincane nabantu abakhubazekile.

Imitheyana

Ibanga elivumelekile phakathi kwezinyathelo (noma ububanzi be-Outfit) bungu-15-19 cm. Inani lezinyathelo libalwa ekuphakameni kwesakhiwo. Ububanzi bokunamathela kufanele okungenani kube ngo-22 cm.

Ubude bezitebhisi

Ukunquma ubude bezitebhisi, kuyadingeka ukuphindisela endaweni ehlosiwe yesiqalo kanye nokuphela kokugqagqana kwezitebhisi kusuka ku-1st kuya ku-2nd frote. Ububanzi beMashi kanye nokuphakama kophahla kusiza ukubala ubude bezitebhisi usebenzisa ifomula yokubala i-hypothenus yonxantathu ongunxande. Ukufakwa okuphumelelayo, kubalulekile futhi ukubala ukuthambeka kwezitebhisi, okungaba ngaphakathi kuka-25-40 °.

Futhi ukunquma ubude belebhu yangoMashi, bazi amapharamitha anjalo njengobukhulu bezinyathelo nenombolo yabo.

Kuvidiyo: amaphutha we-ladder design endlini yokhuni.

Ukufakwa kwezitebhisi zokhuni nezinyathelo

Sinikeza imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukuthi singawakha kanjani izitebhisi ezilula zehora elilodwa ngokuzala ngezandla zakho:

1. Imishayo yezinsolo zokusolwa kwamaKosomers inqunywa ngokuya ngobude bezitebhisi. Ukusuka ohlangothini lomphetho ophansi, ucezu lunqunywe, ubukhulu balo bulingana nonyanya olulodwa.

2. Ngaphambi kokusika ipulatifomu, udinga ukubala ngokunembile futhi wenze uMarkup. Kulokhu udinga ikhithi yokwakha. Lapho umaka, elinye lamaKatheti kufanele lihambisane nokuphakama kwesiteji, kanti okwesibili ukujula kwalo.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Yimaphi amaBalusters okufanele ukhethe izitebhisi zokhuni: izinhlobo, osayizi kanye nezinhlobo ezinkuni ezidumile

3. Isigaba esilandelayo sibonisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye zokumaka izinyathelo. Ingxenye engadingekile iphambukiswa kusetshenziswa i-electrolybiz.

4. I-kosur etholakele isethwe endaweni yayo, emaphethelweni aphezulu, ukwakhiwa kufanele kuguqulwe ngezinga lesitezi sokuqala sephansi lesibili, futhi ezansi kwesembozo esitezi sokuqala.

5. Ngemuva kokuthi iKosor yokuqala isilungile, okwesibili kudinga ukwenziwa. Ngokusekelwe kwimithwalo esolwa ngokusolwa nobubanzi besakhiwo, izitebhisi zingaba nama-cosomers amabili, amathathu noma ngaphezulu.

5. Qala ukuvikela ama-boosters aqediwe phezulu. Kulesi, amakhona ensimbi asetshenziswa - izimbobo zilungiselelwe kusengaphambili futhi ukufakwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ama-bolts. I-KOSUR, efakwe odongeni, inamathiselwe kwi-anchor ye-dowel noma yensimbi.

6. Amabhodi akhethiwe izindlela zinqunywa ngokuya ngosayizi wokugcina. Izikweletu ziphonswe kahle futhi ziboshwe ngokuzikhandla kumaKosomers.

7. Bese bethatha amabhodi ahloselwe ukuza. Basikwa futhi baphonswe ngokucophelela. Onqenqemeni oluvela ngaphandle luyamiswa ngenhloso yokuthola indawo engemihle. Ukwamukelwa kulungiswe ezindaweni ezigcinwe ngosizo lwezikulufo zokuzishaya.

8. Kulesi sigaba, ukufakwa kocingo kufanele. Kusetshenziswa ama-hairpins noma ama-wickers okhuni, acindezeleke ezimbobo ezinyangeni, alungise ababahluzi (ngesikhathi sokugcina kufanele futhi wenze izimbobo ezifanele).

9. Ihlala kuphela ukufaka isitimela, noma kunalokho i-handrail. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ingxenye engenhla ye-balusin kumele inqunywe yi-oblique (ekuqondisweni kwemashi yezitebhisi). I-handrail isetshenziswa ngaphezulu kanye nokulungiswa ngosizo lokuzenzela njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni esingezansi.

Kuvidiyo: Isibonelo sokwenziwa kwezitebhisi kuma-cososters.

Ukucaciswa kokulungiswa kwezakhi

Ngezinyathelo, izingxenye zeBhodi zikhethwe ngaphandle kwezici. Ubukhulu obunconyiwe bungu-30- 40 mm. Lapho ulungiselela, ubuso obukhali bezinyathelo ezizayo buyindilinga ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala. Indawo yobuso nemikhawulo kuyadingeka ukuPolish. Izimpi ezikhona ezimweni eziningi zisebenza njengengxenye yokuhlobisa. Zingenziwa ebhodini ngo-10 noma 15 mm, njengoba izakhi zingathwele.

Ama-kosomers kuwo wonke amapharamitha kufanele alingane nomunye. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izitebhisi zingahle ziphume ngama-skewers nezinye iziphambeko.

Ukufakwa kwe-Nuances

Kunama-nuances amaningana okwakhiwa kwezitebhisi, okufanele kubhekwe ngesikhathi somsebenzi:

• Ezimweni eziningi, ukunamathiselwa kwe-cososov kwenziwa kuma-racks. Ukulungiswa kodonga kungenzeka uma isisekelo siqinile ngokwanele.

• Uma kukhona izitebhisi ezinhlelweni zezinto ezinjalo njengezimpikiswano, ukufakwa kwazo kuma-cosomes kwenziwa kuqala.

• Ukufakwa kwezinyathelo kuhlale kuqala kusuka ezansi kwesakhiwo, kancane kancane kuyakhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, ungakwenza ngaphandle kwesitebhisi esingezekile.

• Ukufaka ukujaha, udinga ukusika amabhele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-rack aqisayo ahlelwe ngentambo yesisa futhi enze ukumaka engxenyeni engenhla ye-balusin. Ngemuva kwalokho imininingwane eyengeziwe iyasikwa.

• Ukwenziwa kwesandla kwesandla kwenziwa ngensimbi noma ngepulasitiki, kungcono uku-oda ngefomu eliqediwe. Uma izitebhisi zenzelwe ithuba, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukwenza isigubhu esigoqikayo esihlahleni.

Isigaba sokuqeda

Esigabeni sokugcina, ukuvumelanisa kwalesi sakhiwo kuhloliwe, izinga lokusimama kwamakhompiyutha. Kuneminye imisebenzi ethile:

• izingxenye zokugaya;
• ukumiswa kwezingoma zokuvikela ukhunta nokubola;
• I-Wax coating noma i-varnish ngokususelwa kumklamo ophelele wekamelo.

Ukunamathela ohlelweni kanye nemiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, wonke umuntu uzokwazi ukwenza izitebhisi zendlu yangasese ngezandla zazo. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukubalwa okulungile, yenza umdwebo wokuqala bese uthatha izinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ngemuva kokuqukethwe kwe-athikili nezincomo ezichaziwe, ungathola isakhiwo sokhuni esihle endaweni yokuphuma, okuzohlobisa indlu futhi kube yisengezo sangaphakathi esijabulisayo.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezitebhisi zokhuni ezikhuleni (2 ividiyo)

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitebhisi zezihlahla (izithombe ezingama-45)