Ukusetshenziswa kwezitebhisi zangaphandle emikhayeni yangasese kukuvumela ukuthi uxazulule inkinga ngephansi elingaphezulu, i-attic, igumbi le-attic noma ithala. Izinyathelo ezisemphemeni zibuye zinikeze umnyango onethezekile endlini. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Universal of Street Ladder esitezi sesibili kusiza ukuxazulula inkinga uma ukwakhiwa kwenguquko yangaphakathi ye-inter-level akunakwenzeka ngenxa yezici zokwakha nokuhlela.
Izitebhisi zangaphandle nazo ziyadingeka emacaleni aphuthumayo ukuze athuthe ngokushesha izakhamizi. Isakhiwo esihle sifika ekhaya, i-cottage, ukubonwa okumnandi okukhangayo okuhle futhi kunikeza ukunyuka okunethezekile nokuvela.
Izinhlobo zezitebhisi zomgwaqo
Imikhiqizo ihlukile ngenani lezinyathelo, uhlobo lokufakwa, ukwenziwa, ukuvula phambi kwabaninikhaya ukukhethwa okucebile kwezitebhisi ezinhle nezisebenzayo. Uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu lokwakha ngaphandle i-porch, ekhona cishe kuwo wonke amakhaya. Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo, ukukhuphuka emnyango wokungena kungaba nzima. Ukwakhiwa Kwasemgwaqweni Endlini yangasese kungasebenza njengokuphela kwendlela yokuphakamisa i-tier ephezulu noma ukuphindaphinda izitebhisi zangaphakathi.
Kuya ngenhloso, izinhlobo eziningi zezitebhisi zabelwe, zihlome ngaphandle:
- Ukwakhiwa okungokwezitolo okuxhumeka kuxhuma amazinga amabili noma amaningi wesakhiwo.
- Izitebhisi e-Attic, egumbini lokuphamba, ithala lokuhamba.
- I-Porch - Imfanelo yendlu yangasese eneSisekelo Esiphakeme, Isisekelo.
- Isitebhisi somlilo noma sokufuduka - ukuphuma kwezimo eziphuthumayo.
Ukwakheka kwezinhlaka zemigwaqo kungaba noma yikuphi, ukuqeda kuya ngenhloso yemodeli. Imishini yokuphuma kokukhipha izindlu phansi kwezindlu ezingaphezu kwama-tiers amabili. Umlilo (Ukufuduka) Izitebhisi noma i-stepladder zingatholakala ngemuva kwendlu, zibe ngokungadingekile, zisebenza ngendlela ekhethekile. Akudingi izindleko ezibalulekile.
Ngokwakha
Ngokwezici ezakhayo, Mashi (ziqonde, ama-G-shape, ama-p-shape, amamodeli emigwaqo ye-s screw ahlukaniswa. Amaphethelo amancane, ukuguqukela ku-tier yesibili noma i-attic enza uhlobo lwe-span eshayelayo. Imikhiqizo yesikulufa kufanelekile ukuyisebenzisa esikhaleni esilinganiselwe noma njengezinhlaka ezisizayo, ngoba ukukhuphuka kwansuku zonke ngezinyathelo ezinamakhanda kuzoba nzima kumakhaya.
Ama-marsh spans ahlala isikhathi eside, athembekile futhi asebenza, futhi imikhiqizo yesikulumo ilingana noma iyiphi isitayela sokwakha futhi ithatha isikhala esincane.
Ngohlobo lomklamo, izitebhisi zibuye ziyeza:
- Ngo-Guise - Yenza indima yento yenkampani yenethiwekhi, inemifino yokufaka izinyathelo.
- Kuma-Rowers - Izinyathelo zilungisiwe endaweni eyodwa noma ezimbili, iziphetho zihlala zivulekile.
- Ngaphandle kogongolo oluthwala - izitebhisi zinamathiselwe ngqo ezindongeni zendlu, amakamelo.
- Ukwakhiwa komgwaqo iMonolithic - Ukusebenza okuqinile kwezitebhisi kwenza ukuthi kusebenze kukhululeke futhi kuphephile.
Ukuze usebenzise unomphela, inguqulo yasemgwaqweni kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuhlomisa izinyathelo ngenhlamba ye-anti-slip, yenza uthango ngesimo separapet, izitimela, izimbambo. Imikhiqizo kufanele ibekezelela kahle umthwalo, ukuvezwa kwezulu, amaconsi okushisa futhi kube lula ukusebenza.
Qondile
Uhlobo olufanele kakhulu lokwakhiwa komgwaqo luyi-Direct Mashi Staircase. Ngokuya ngokuphakama kokuphakamisa, le modeli ifakwe inombolo oyifunayo yezinyathelo nezindawo eziphakathi nendawo uma indlu iphezulu.
Ama-movie aguqukayo aqondile anezinzuzo ezibalulekile:
- Elula futhi elingabizi kakhulu ekukhiqizeni nasekufakweni;
- Ntofontofo ngokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo;
- ihlala isikhathi eside, hlangana nezidingo zokuphepha;
- kungenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene;
- Indlela yokufaka imashi - ezindongeni, isekela, isisekelo.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Izici ezakhiwe izitebhisi: Izinhlobo, izinzuzo kanye nokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe | +55 Izithombe
I-marshmaking staircase ingasetshenziswa emgwaqweni ukuze iphakamise phezu kompheme, esitezi sesibili, i-attic. Imodeli eqondile ilungele lokhu, uma indawo yamahhala yegceke inganqunyelwe. Ngezakhiwo ezilula, kukhethwe izitebhisi ezilula, ezihambelana nokwakhiwa kwendlu. Amakamelo ama-elite ahlobisa ngemikhiqizo yoMklami enomhlobiso omuhle, ukucushwa okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Kulufa
Izikhungo zangaphandle zesikulufa zihlanganiswa ngokuvumelanayo ngezitayela ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwazo kusasebenza, yize kuneqiniso lokuthi imikhiqizo ilahlekelwa ukuguqulwa okuqondile Mashi ngokusebenza. Izinhlobo ze-Spiral zibukeka zinhle kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zezindlu zezwe, amakamelo amancane nemindeni emincane.
Izinzuzo ze-Screw Street Models:
- Ubukhulu obucwebecwebe, umphumela obonakalayo wokungenasisindo;
- Ukuhlanganiswa nezisombululo ezahlukahlukene zokuklama;
- Ukonga isikhala samahhala segceke, isisindo esiphansi;
- izindleko ezamukelekayo zokwenziwa, ukudonsa, ukufakwa;
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezahlukahlukene kungumuthi, itshe, insimbi.
Izinyathelo zemikhiqizo ye-Screw yenziwa e-Shrish ezungeze ukusekelwa okuphakathi nendawo, okunikeza ukuqedwa komklamo wobungqabavu bemigqa kanye nesikhalazo sobuhle. Ngokufanelekile, uma isakhiwo sesikulufa sisetshenziswa njengezitebhisi ezingezekile, futhi okuphambili kuyinguquko yangaphandle noma yangaphakathi esiteshini yangaphakathi.
Indlu, eduzane nokungena kwesitebhisi esifakiwe, empeleni idonsela ukunaka kwabanye.
Kuvidiyo: Isitebhisi esihle STAIRCE - Sibutsetelo ku-Master.
Ngezinto ezibonakalayo
Okwenziwa izitebhisi zisebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene. Isidingo esikhulu ukuqina, ukugqoka ukumelana, ukumelana nezimo zezulu. Izinga lezinto ezibonakalayo lincike kwikhwalithi yensiza yokuxhashazwa. Ngokwesiko, ukwakhiwa okuphansi kusetshenziselwa insimbi, ngokhuni, itshe, izitini, izikhungo zokhonkolo. Udinga ukukhetha okuqukethwe ekwakhiweni nasesigabeni sokubala.-Ngokhuni
I-Wood - Ikhwalithi ephezulu, eqinile, eqinile, kepha yezakhiwo zasemgwaqweni akuvamile ukusetshenziswa, ngoba umuthi kunzima ukuvikela ekulweni kwezulu, umlilo, abstrasion. Ukusebenziseka kwemikhiqizo yasemgwaqweni yokhuni kungahle kubuzwe, kepha kwaya kwazo ezinye izakhiwo omunye umklamo kungenzeka angafanele ngesitayela.
Izinzuzo eziphambili zezitebhisi zangaphandle zokhuni:
- Ukulula, ukulula kokucutshungulwa nokufakwa;
- Ubumsulwa bemvelo bezinto ezibonakalayo, ama-aesthetics;
- Ukutholakala kwamanani, ukuguquguquka;
- Amandla, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamafomu, umhlobiso.
Izitebhisi zokhuni zilungele kahle izindlu zokhuni. Imiklamo enjalo isetshenziswa ngokufanele esimweni sezulu esithambile - isimo sezulu esinzima sizobhubhisa ngokushesha izinkuni ezisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
Ukudla izinkuni - i-pine, i-beech, umlotha, oki, ngezici eziphakeme. Ukuze izitebhisi zokhuni ngaphambi kokungena kungekho nonyaka, okuqukethwe kuphathwa ngama-antiseptics ukuvikela umswakama, ukubola, isikhunta. Ukwenza izinkuni zimelana nomlilo, amabhodi afakwe ama-antipirens.
Insimbi yanama ini
Umbono ojwayelekile wezakhiwo zasemgwaqweni - izitebhisi zensimbi. Banempilo yenkonzo ende, bazokwazi ukusebenzela abanikazi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Izitebhisi ze-Iron ziyafakwa, zihlanganiswe futhi ziphonswe. Ubuciko basemgwaqweni buqonde, bagobile, basontekile, belliptical.
Phakathi kwezikhala ongazihlomisa amasayithi aphakathi nendawo, uqinisekise ukuphepha kokuphakamisa nokuvela ngosizo lwezicingo ezinhle.
Izici zezinhlaka zemigwaqo yensimbi:
- Ubuntu bokusebenzisa, ukusetshenziswa okubanzi;
- ukuqina, ukufakwa kalula, ukumelana kwesimo sezulu;
- Idizayini eguquguqukayo, izinhlobonhlobo zamafomu, ukuhlobana;
- Ukumelana ne-Abdalasion, ukulungiswa komthwalo okuphezulu;
- Ukugabha kunoma yimuphi umbala, ukuvumelana ngaphandle.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Yiliphi i-tile okufanele ukhethe izitebhisi endlini: izinhlobo ezibhekene nezinto ezibhekene nazo
Ukuze umhlobiso wemikhiqizo yensimbi, ubuciko buyakha, ukuhlobisa ngezicucu zokhuni, ukufakwa kwamatshe. Ukusetshenziswa kwezitebhisi zensimbi kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise noma yimuphi umbono woMklami. Ukuze izitebhisi zisebenze isikhathi eside, kufanele zidwetshwe ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezinhlaka zemigwaqo, hhayi izinkuni kuphela, insimbi kuphela, kodwa futhi ukhonkolo, itshe, isitini singasetshenziswa. Izitebhisi ezivela ezintweni ezinjalo zidinga isikhathi esiningi ekwakhiweni, kepha zinamandla amakhulu. Itshe, Izinhlaka zokhonkolo nezitini zinikeza ukwakhiwa kwendlu ebabazekayo nokubukeka okuhle.
Imali ethangweni
Ukuhamba okuphephile ezitebhisini kunikeza izinto zocingo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukujaha, amapharadi kanye nezinkundla zezandla. Imikhiqizo kumele ibe nezinhlobo ezikhangayo zobuhle, zinokuqina, ukwethenjwa. Uthango lwenziwe ngokhuni, insimbi, ukhonkolo. Idizayini nokuqukethwe kwezinto ze-Fender kudlala indima ebalulekile, ngoba inquma lonke uhlobo lwezindawo zomgwaqo.
Uthango:
- Isigameko sokhuni esivela e-Oak, beech, maple, pine, mahogany. Hlaziya ngemvelo, gcizelela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo.
- Ama-Metal ARC agobekile ngesimo samaphethini ahlukahlukene. Okuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu uthango, okubi kakhulu ekubonakaleni.
- I-handrails egqokwa kanye nabaBaluster. Banemigqa emihle, babukeka kahle, bakhonza isikhathi eside.
Kungenzeka ukuthi isungule uthango lomgwaqo oluvela kwingilazi enolaka noma insimbi engenacala. Ingxenye eneziphetho zezinyathelo ingahlelwa ngama-tile, i-porcelain terhoware, yemabula, i-granite. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ebusika ingaphezulu kwezikhala kuya ngokuya kushelelayo, kunzima ukwehlela emgwaqweni. Ngakho-ke, uthango luqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza kwezinhlaka zasemgwaqweni nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Imitheyana
Ukubhaliswa kwemikhiqizo yokumasha kanye ne-screw akunqunyelwe kocingo - udinga ukunikeza uhlobo olubukekayo lwezinyathelo, kubenze baphephe ukunyakaza. Izinyathelo ezenziwe ngokhuni zipendwe futhi zimbozwe nge-varnish, izinyathelo zensimbi zivame ukusikwa ngamabhodi ezinkuni noma zifakwe ezitsheni zensimbi ezikhethekile ze-anti-slip ezivela enjoloba, ngopulasitiki. I-Concrete Street Translutions iwina ngaphansi kombuso wamatshe.
Izidingo Zokuphepha:
- Ukujula kwezinyathelo eziphambi komnyango wokungena kufanele kuhambisane nosayizi wezinyawo zabantu abadala - 25-30 cm. Ukuphakama okuphelele kwe-riser kungu-15-20 cm.
- IMashi eyodwa kufanele ibe nezigaba ezingaphezu kwe-18. Uma ukuphakama kwezitebhisi kungaphezulu kwamamitha amathathu, cabanga ngezindawo eziphakathi.
- Ububanzi bezitebhisi zokufaka, noma kunalokho imashi yezitebhisi, kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-80 cm.
Uhlobo lwesiteji senziwa ngonxantathu, Semi-Cirdence, ngokubulawa - izithulu futhi ngaphandle kwezimpi. Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlaka zasemgwaqweni zifakwe ngezinyathelo zokuguqula ezisebenzayo. Uma izinyathelo zenziwa ngokhuni, ukushuba kwebhodi kufanele kube ngu-25-30 mm. Isidingo esikhulu amandla, ukuthembeka okuthe xaxa, indawo yokulwa nokulingisa.
Ukudalwa nokufakwa kwesitebhisi somgwaqo kwenze ngokwakho (ukufundiswa)
Ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi, udinga ukulungiselela umdwebo wesakhiwo ngefomu, indawo, uhlobo lokuqinisa, ukunquma okuqukethwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, umdwebo onemininingwane uhlanganiswe lapho usayizi wezitebhisi kufanele ubhekwe khona, kufanele kuthathwe i-angle yokuthambekela, ukuthola izinketho zesikulufa - i-angle yokujikeleza. Ngokudweba ngokucophelela ukudweba, ukufakwa kwezitebhisi kuzoqedwa ngendlela efanele ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokuphepha.Izitebhisi zokhuni
Izitebhisi ze-Wood zivame ukwenziwa kakhulu ephayini - izinto ezingabizi kakhulu zibonakala ngamandla amahle. Iphayini yokhuni ephethwe imelana nomswakama, amaconsi okushisa, kepha ungasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi ezibizayo. Ezitebhisini zakwenyama zokhuni, okunamathiselwe kuvame ukwenziwa ku-lifesles futhi kugobe. Ama-kosomers - amabhodi abanzi anezidleke ezihamba ngezinyathelo, onogada abasekeli abaqondile abanganikezwa ukwakheka okuhlukile.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukufakwa kwezitebhisi kuma-cossosters: amasu nokubala [amanani anconyiwe]
Cabanga ngenqubo yokwakha izitebhisi ezimasha ngokhuni emphemeni ojwayelekile:
1. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha, okungukuthi: imigoqo yokhuni engu-100x200 mm, imigoqo yokulukhuni, iBhodi le-Rackx70x77 mm, i-hacksaw, izipikili, isando, i-roulette.
2. Umsebenzi wokuqala - ngaphambi kokufaka ukwakheka, izinkuni kufanele ziphathwe ngezingoma ze-antiseptic kanye ne-antipyeres, zomiswe izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiswa kwabathwali noma ama-cosomes kufanele kulungiselelwe lapho izinyathelo zilungisiwe. Izinto zokusekelwa zisebenza njengohlaka, zenza ukumaka (ngokuya ngobukhulu bezinyathelo) ngosizo lwebha yokwakha futhi benze ama-slits.
4. Sekela imishayo (kulokhu, ama-boosters) ahlelwe emphemeni wendlu kanye nobubanzi bezitebhisi ezizayo, imiphetho engezansi ilungisiwe kumakholomu asekelayo ahlala emhlabathini. Emva kwalokho, amabhodi ahlolwe ngezinga, ngoba amakhefu amancane angaholela ekugqokeni ngokushesha kwezitebhisi kanye nokuvela kwama-squeaks.
5. Ukuqiniseka kwezinyathelo kwenziwa kusuka phansi kuya phezulu, ukulungisa izingcezwana zezitebhisi ngezipikili noma ukudonsa. Ngokuncono ngaphambi komhlangano ukuphatha amabhodi ngomshini wokugaya.
Idizayini eqediwe iphathwa ngohlobo lwezinkuni ngezingqimba ezimbili noma ezintathu, ezimbozwe ngopende, zilimele noma i-varnish. Ngomgomo ofanayo, ungakha isitebhisi sokhuni esisesitezi sesibili noma wakhe imodeli eyinkimbinkimbi enamapulatifomu angenise. Esicelweni, umkhiqizo uhlotshiswe ngezinto ezibaziweyo eziqoshiwe.
Izitebhisi zensimbi
Izakhiwo zensimbi yasemgwaqweni zisethwe kaningi kunezitebhisi zokhuni. Okuqukethwe kubonakaliswa ngamandla aphezulu emithwalweni enamandla futhi ukugqoka. Ukuze uthole inketho yangaphandle, izitebhisi zensimbi zilungele kakhulu izimpahla - uhlaka oluvela ku-Scywell yensimbi.
Uhlu oluphambili lwezinto zokwakha: isiteshi, amakhona, imigoqo yokuqinisa, insimbi yeshidi nge-rifrance. Ukuze usebenze, awukwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle komshini we-welding namathuluzi asizayo (isiBulgaria ngensimbi, ukugaya). Ngemuva kokulungiselela umdwebo nezinto zokwakha, kuyacutshungulwa ukufaka umkhiqizo.
Cabanga ukuthi ungasenza kanjani izitebhisi zensimbi emphemeni:
1. Iziteshi zensimbi noma amakhona afakwa emaphethelweni ukuze athole ukwesekwa kwe-carteiers.
2. Kusuka komunye umkhawulo, izinto ezithwala izindonga zihlelwe ezindongeni zesakhiwo noma kuvulandi, kusuka kolunye kuya kokuthunyelwe noma isisekelo ngosizo lwama-bolts.
3. Phakathi kokuxhaswa kwe-welded the ukuqiniswa noma amakona lapho izinyathelo zizobamba khona.
4. Isitebhisi sensimbi singakhiwa ngezinyathelo zensimbi noma zinqume ukwakheka ngamabhodi ezinkuni.
Khetha uthango lokuhlobisa noma wenze ama-handrails ngokuzimele kusuka ku-rebar ubekwe ezinhlakeni zokusekelwa. Unokwethenjelwa ukuxhuma izinto zensimbi usebenzisa i-welding - ukusetshenziswa kwama-bolts okuqinisa kuthatha isikhathi esithe xaxa futhi kunciphise ukuphepha kwesakhiwo. Bheka ngempumelelo ama-starle stark ngesisekelo sensimbi enothango olubiyelwe kanye nezinyathelo zokhuni.
Izitebhisi zangaphandle zigcwalisa ingaphandle lezindlu, amasayithi wezwe, angena kahle emcimbini wezakhiwo, ahlinzeke ngokufinyelela kwamahhala kuvulandi ephezulu, indawo ephansi noma i-top ephezulu, alula. Ngokubona kwayo, abanikazi bendawo bangakhetha imashi noma bahlunge izinhlaka ngokhuni, ukhonkolo, insimbi. Isitebhisi singenziwa ngokuzimela ukonga imali, kepha ukwakhiwa kwezinhlaka eziyinkimbinkimbi kungcono ukuphathisa ochwepheshe.
Ungayenza kanjani izitebhisi zesikhashana ngezandla zakho (1 ividiyo)
Izinguqulo ezahlukahlukene zezitebhisi zasemgwaqweni (izithombe ezingama-55)
