Ubuciko beRussia Lacquer minituatures baqala umlando walo ngo-1795, kusukela ekukhiqizweni kokuqala kokuqala kusuka kuPapier-Masha. Ubuchwepheshe benyuswe ngumthengisi P.I. I-Korobovy evela eJalimane esifundeni esijulile saseMoscow edolobhaneni laseDanilovka, manje manje okuyingxenye yedolobhana leFedoskino. Kwakukulezo zifunda ukuthi ubuciko be-lacquer miniatures kuma-tockbackerkers, lapho kwavezwa khona isidumbu saseRussia. Omunye wamagatsha alobuciko upende we-Palencal.
I-Vintage Craft Paleca
EPaleh, izikhathi zasendulo zazibandakanyeka kubadwebi bakaMasters icon. Emzaneni, lapho abahlali baseSuzdal naseVladimir abasuka eTatar-Mongolian baphenduka khona, bahlanganyela emindenini yonke, ukupenda okuyisikhumbuzo, ukubuyiselwa kwamasonto amasonto, kanye nezindela zeNoveDevichy, amathempeli I-Troitsko-Sergiye Lavra, iCranovic Chamber yaseMoscow Kremlin.
Ukupenda kwePalekh kumakhekhe, amakhabethi, ashtrays, ama-broochs nezinaliti avele kamuva nje ngemuva kwenguquko. U-Ivan Golikov, ophefumulelwe yimisebenzi yamakhosi aseLukutiinian eNyusta yaseMoscow Kustar, wadala ama-miniature akhe okuqala "ePharadi ePharadesi", imidwebo yegolide. Kamuva, yena kanye nesihlobo a.a. UGlazinov wadala umhlangano wokusebenzela ngePhahi Masters. Lesi sithombe sikhombisa isici sobuciko.
Ngemuva kwempumelelo emibukweni yemisebenzi yokuqala eMoscow naseVenice, i-artel of umdwebo wasendulo yavulwa, kwathi ngo-1933 PHANK ART School. Iminyaka eminingi, ubuciko be-Palekh bukhuphukile futhi buwe, kepha imisebenzi yabadwebi yabadwebi baziwa abaningi futhi abalahli abamukeli emsebenzini. I-Palekhning miniature yavuselelwa ngo-1980 futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamakhekhe ngalo mdwebo kutholakala kuleli khulu lama-21.
Umdwebo wobunjiniyela
Izici ze-lacquer miniatures kaPalekh zibonakale phakathi kwezobuciko eziningi. Izithombe zendabuko zezindaba ze-EPIC, izinganekwane, impilo yakudala yabalimi nabathengisi ibonakala ngamabutho ajwayelekile, izibalo ezidonswayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwenkathi yesikhathi eside.
I-Colour Palette e-miniature iphendulwa amasiko asendulo aseRussia, lapho imibala ebomvu, ephuzi, futhi eluhlaza ihlanganisiwe, igolide elidwengulwe kakhulu.
Indlela yokubhala encane ePalekh yagcina amasiko akwa-stylistic ezithombe zokupenda, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwenziwa, okubizwa ngokuthi amazinga okushisa okubhala, okukhiqizwa ngesisekelo se-powder esomile kafulawa, okhiqizwa ngamanzi. Nge-Binder, i-yolk yenkukhu yasetshenziswa, futhi kamuva ama-polymers akhethekile, amafutha kwikhambi le-glue. Upende onomoya oshubile namuhla uxoshwe ngopende kawoyela, kepha asetshenziselwa ukupenda, njengoba enokuqina okuphezulu.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Izimbali zobuhlalu zabaqalayo: ukuluka amacebo ama-roses alula ngevidiyo tutorials
Upende wegolide wenziwa ngegolide legolide, elidilizwa futhi elixubene ne-gumiarabic, elichithwe emanzini bese yomiswa ngaphansi kwesibani. Inqubo yokwenza upende ilukhuni kakhulu Udoti akufanele ungene kuwo, ngaphandle kwalokho upende uzoba mubi. UPaleshan uphinde asebenzise i-aluminium powder. Ngaphansi kwe-varnish uphenduka ophuzi.
Amasiko okudala ama-varnish miniature emabhokisini agcina ubuchwepheshe babo. Ibhokisi elinjalo lenziwa emihlanganweni yokucobelela cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Ekuqaleni, iPapapier Masha yenziwa kusuka kumakhadibhodi nasemibukeni, icindezelwe, yomiswe cishe izinsuku eziyi-10, ifakwe emanzini afudumele wefilakisi, yabe yomiswa futhi icindezelwe. Kulawa mapapier-mache dimers, ababhikishi bayakhishwa, bagaya ubumba olubomvu, bahlanza, bagaye amahlandla ambalwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhiqizo uya kumakhosi wokupenda, asebenzisa umdwebo ezigabeni eziningana. Okokuqala, kwenza kube ngombala omhlophe, bese usebenzisa izindawo ezinemibala. Ekugcineni, iziqubu kanye nezingxenye zomuntu ngamunye zidonswa, khona-ke umdwebo uhlelwe nge-varnish, ngemuva kwalokho ungasebenzisa igolide nesiliva.
Ngemuva kwalokho, izingqimba eziningana ze-varnish zisetshenziswa, eziphoqelekile ezigabeni kuze kube yilapho umkhiqizo ubushelelezi impela futhi ubushelelezi. Ngemuva kwalokho bagoqwa ukufakwa okuthambile.
Eqinisweni, imidwebo eminingi igcina ubuchwepheshe bayo obungenakubalwa kahle ngekhwalithi nokuqina, amakhosi asebenzisa izindlela zakudala zokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yasekuqaleni, ukuxuba upende, ngenkathi uthola imibala oyifunayo edlulisela umoya wasendulo nemfihlakalo. Imifanekiso ye-lacquer miniatures ekhombisa izithombe ngokuhamba, yakha ingcindezi esakhiweni. Ukuthuthukisa Mane, ama-cloaks amaqhawe, imimoya yama-vortex namagagasi olwandle.
Umsebenzi wePhaehan Masters uqukethe iziza ezinhle ezibonisa izinganekwane ze-pushkin, ikakhulukazi, inganekwane yabadobi nezinhlanzi, mayelana ne-Tsar Saltan, uRuslan noLyudmila, kanye nezinye izinganekwane zezingane. Izithombe eziboniswe kwimidwebo kulula ukuqaphela: amaqhawe amathathu, ukushisa kwenyoni, ikati lesayensi namahhashi ahlanya, njengasesithombeni esingezansi.
Isihloko ngesihloko: I-Dachshund Crochet enencazelo nohlelo: I-Master Class ngevidiyo
Emikhiqizweni eminingi yanamuhla, ungabona isithombe sabantu ababalulekile ngokomlando, njenge-Yuri Gagarin, iTsiolkovsky nabanye, kanye neminye imidwebo, izitembu, amakhadi okuposa nokunye Izikhumbuzo, zikhumbule kubangani bakwamanye amazwe.
