Amakholomu asibangela umfanekiso we-antiquity kanye nama-classics athile ekwakhiweni kwasendulo. Kuyathakazelisa iqiniso lokuthi amakhulu amaningi eminyaka adlulile kusukela kuleso sikhathi, futhi amakholomu awakaphumi ukuthandwa kwawo ngaphakathi kwendlu. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi uma sebesetshenziswa njengokwesekwa, manje ikakhulukazi njengendawo evala ingxenye yokuxhumana, noma amanye amaphutha efulethini.
Umlando omncane
Ikholomu isibonakaliso sokwakha i-antique sokwakha, futhi iyinsika, ikakhulukazi i-cylindrical, esebenza njengokusekelwa ezinhlakeni ezisekelayo. Siqukethe izisekelo kanye nengxenye yokuhlobisa ephezulu, ehlotshiswe ngokukhululeka kwasasizayo.
Emathempelini, kusetshenziswe amakholomu amaningana ngokushesha, okwadala isithombe sokwethenjwa kanye namavithani athile emafwini (ehlobisa ehlukile). Futhi babesetshenziswa ezindlini ezicebile, abantu ababekwazi ukukhokhela okunethezeka okunjalo. Impahla lapho amakholomu enziwe khona yitshe elibalulekile noma lemabula.
Amakholomu ama-classic ngaphakathi
Isici sabo sezinhlamvu yisakhiwo esizinikezele esicacile: Isisekelo (isisekelo), isiqubulo sendawo, ingxenye yokugcina (izihloko), ezenziwa emsebenzini wayo okuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwengxenye evundlile yesakhiwo (kuthiwa - I-Antbemer).
Kunezitayela eziningana zamakholomu zakudala, okungukuthi:
- UDoric.
- Ioncial.
- Khorinte.
Manje kancane ngakunye kwazo.
Isitayela se-doric
Kubhekwa njengommeleli wokuqala walesi siqondiso. Ngokusho kwemininingwane, yenziwe cishe ngekhulu lesi-7 BC. Amakholomu anjalo abonakaliswa ngokungabikho kwesisekelo, futhi amakholomu amakholomu anamandla futhi anama-squat. Uma ubabuka, ungabona ukuthi banciphisa phezulu ububanzi. I-capper ngokwayo inamapuleti amabili: umjikelezo owodwa (u-Echin), nesikwele esisodwa (Abaci).
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ifenisha yegumbi lokuhlala. Ngabe ifenisha okufanele uyikhethe kanjani futhi iyiphi igumbi lokuhlala? Isithombe
Isitayela se-ioncial
Kwasekukude kunasekuseni kwangemva kwe-Doric, mayelana nokuqala kwekhulu lesi-6 ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu. Lawa makholomu asevele ancipha futhi ngaphezulu kwabamele abamele, futhi abe nesisekelo esikwele esivelele ngezinto ezimbalwa eziyindilinga. I-cap imelelwa yifomu elihehayo futhi eliyinkimbinkimbi - ekhin elihlotshiswe ngomhlobiso, futhi lithenjwa ngama-curls wokuhlobisa (izinguquko).Isitayela seKorinte
Kwakugcina ngokwesimo, futhi kwavela cishe ngekhulu le-5-6 nge-Era yethu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanduleli bayo, amakholomu asevele ephakeme futhi enomusa. Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu kwakuyi-capitel capitel, eyayilingisa izimila. Izithako zaboniswa ngamanzi omvini.
Hhayi amakholomu ahleliwe
Kumasiko ngasinye, kwaqashelwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zekholomu, ngakho-ke ungabheka izinketho ezikhumbulekayo futhi ezithandwa kakhulu.Amakholamu aseGibhithe
Bahlukaniswa ngokudweba kwabo, okwakusetshenziswa endaweni ebushelelezi. Izinto zokuqala zendlu kanye nezinto zangaphakathi zangaphakathi zenziwa nge-papyrus, eyayiboshelwe enqwaba, yathela ngesigaxa se-liquid.
Amakholomu wesitayela sobuzwe engxenyeni engaphakathi
Lokhu kujwayelekile kwezinto ezahlukahlukene zabantu abehlukene. Umhlobiso walekholomu uhlukahluka kakhulu, ngoba abantu baningi kakhulu, nezinhloso, ngokulandelana nangokulandelana.
Isitayela seRococo noma i-baroque yamakholomu
Namuhla ujabulela ukufunwa okukhulu nokuthandwa. Amakholomu kule nguqulo ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ezindlini zokunethezeka noma ama-villas. Isiqephu esithile esivela kumakholomu asendulo sikhona kulolu shintsho, kepha iningi lemigqa kanye namafomu ama-curves, okubonisa amagobolondo, ama-wreath, amagobolondo wasolwandle, njalo. Kuzwakala ngokusobala ngesigqi esingenakuphikwa kanye nokukhulisa amandla kwezinto.
Ikholomu yanamuhla
Lesi sitayela sigqoka ama-asymmetry, imigqa egobile futhi ebushelelezi, imihlobiso yezitshalo kanye nama-motifs. Lesi siqondiso senze ukuthi bakwazi ukuqamba imicabango nemibono ehehayo ethakazelisa kakhulu neyangaphakathi kwendlu ngosizo lwekholomu.
Amakholomu ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi
Ngaphakathi kwanamuhla ngosizo lwekholomu, hhayi nje umhlobiso wegumbi, kepha futhi nezinye izinto eziningi ezibalulekile ezenziwayo. Enye yalezi ukuvezwa kwekamelo nokugcizelelwa kokubona kwento ethile endlini (indawo yomlilo, i-erker, okuphumayo odongeni, njll.).
Isihloko ngesihloko: Kukuyiphi indlela yokubeka i-laminate ihamba phambili?
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakholomu angandisa igumbi, fihla ukungahambi kahle kanye nokubuka ngeso lengqondo ukuxhumana noma ezokuxhumana zobunjiniyela.
Amakholamu amaningi aphakathi wanamuhla anesimo esingunxande, kepha ngaphezu kwalokho angahlotshiswa ngemihlobiso evela ezitanjeni ezahlukene.
Izinto zokwakha lapho amakholomu enziwa emafulethini nasezindlini
Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezithandwayo lapho amakholomu avame ukukhiqiza khona. Futhi ikholomu ingenziwa ngokuqukethwe kwazo okukodwa, noma ngaphezu kwalokho ihlotshiswe enye impahla. Manje sizobheka amakholomu ajwayelekile ngaphandle kokuhlobisa.
Izinto ezithandwa kakhulu yilezi ukhonkolo . Kuyipulasitiki, kuyo ungenza noma yini. Ngokwentengo akubizi kakhulu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kungahlotshiswa nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa.
Itshe lemvelo Kuyinto ebiza kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ikholomu izobukeka iyinhle kakhulu futhi icebile. Amatshe asetshenzisiwe yimabula, i-granite, i-limestone, iMalachite, i-basalt. Ukwenza ikholomu efanayo, kuzodingeka uchithe amandla amaningi nemali, ukuze wonke umuntu azivumele.
I-Polyurethane (noma i-polyurethane Foam) - Izinto ezivamile ngokwanele ubuchwepheshe besimanje nokwakha. Inzuzo izoba nesisindo sayo esiphansi, kulula ukukhiqiza, kulula ukuyifaka, ngenkathi ingashintshwa kalula uma kwenzeka umonakalo owenziwe ngomshini ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.
Ithambobhodi Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukudala ukwakheka kwekholomu. Ngokuqinisekile kuzodingeka ngihlobise ngokuhambisana nomqondo wokwakheka egumbini.
Amakholamu Okhuni Imvamisa isetshenziswa ngesimo sobuzwe sezangaphakathi kwamakamelo, nayo isetshenziswa ekuqondisweni kweProvence. Ngalezo lekholomu izobukeka ngokuvumelaniswa imihlobiso nge-corventings.
Amakholamu wensimbi Ngokuyisisekelo sebenzisa ngesitayela sobuchwepheshe obuphakeme, i-kitsch, minimalism nobukhazikhazi.
Ngingahlobisa kanjani amakholomu ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi?
Vele ubeke ikholomu - lokhu akuyona indawo. Kufanele ivumelane nokwakhiwa kwegumbi elijwayelekile. Ungakuhlobisa kanjani kuzoncika emcabangweni ojwayelekile, kanye nakulokho okuvela ku-Main Mate, lapho ikholamu lenziwa khona.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukulungiswa kwegumbi lokulala 12 sq m: UPaul, uphahla, izindonga
Ukupenda no-plaster - enye yezikhathi ezithandwayo ezivela esimweni. Le nketho ilungele amakholomu kusuka kukhonkolo, kanye nakwi-drywall. Ngokuyinhloko, basetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekuphepheni kwanamuhla, ngoba bangabakhokhela, banikezwe inani nekhwalithi.
I-Polyurethane Foam Decor nayo isetshenziswa esikhungweni sikakhonkolo noma se-plasterboard. Uma ucabanga ngezimpawu zezinto ezibonakalayo, ungakha inkohliso yamakholomu kusuka etsheni lemvelo.
Ukuhlobisa okwenziwe ngokhuni kungafakwa ngama-corvenings. Kukhona inketho yokuzama ukuhlanganisa isisekelo sokhonkolo kanye nohlaka oluvela esihlahleni sobuntu obuthile bohlobo oluthile lokuzalela.
I-Gypsum StucCO ikusiza ukudala umhlobiso wanoma yisiphi isimo nesitayela, into esemqoka lapha ukwazi ukuthi ufunani.
Itshe lokufakelwa lingaba yinto eyemvelo, futhi lilingise uhlobo lwabo.
Amakoloni angajwayelekile kanye nokwakhiwa kwawo
Ngaphezu kokukhethwa kukho kwangaphambilini, kukhona lezo ezizobe zingejwayelekile futhi zimangalisa ngokuqhathaniswa nabanye. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo zamakholomu ezingezona zendabuko ziyizinketho ezivela ku-organic glass noma kusuka epulasitiki esobala. Kukhona okugqamile kokudala inkohliso yokufakelwa kwama-bubble noma amanzi kuwo. Kukhona noma yiziphi izinhlobo zekholomu enjalo.
Ngendlela, ukwenza amakholomu asebenze ngokwengeziwe, ngaphezu kwalokho enza amashalofu ezincwadini, ibha ukuthola ibha neziphuzo, kanye nokugcina ama-trifles ahlukahlukene nezesekeli.
Izakhiwo lapho amakholomu azofaneleka khona
Eminye yemisebenzi ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuqhamuka lapho ukuhlela khona ikholamu ukuze ihlanganise nengaphakathi elivamile futhi lizuze. Uma uphendukela kwizibalo, indawo ethandwa kakhulu kuzoba yisitebhisi, bese kuthi isigaba se-arched, nasekupheleni kwendawo yomlilo, i-veranda, i-balcony.
Lapho uklama igumbi lokuhlala, kungcono ukusebenzisa umbhangqwana, noma ama-colomuries ambalwa (kuya ngendawo yegumbi).
Ukuze kwakhiwe kwaleli gumbi zibe izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezihlukile, zingasetshenziswa amakholomu ahlukahlukene, ngokubuka okuhlukile ngokuya ngezindawo ngakunye. Into esemqoka ukungakhohlwa ukuthi konke kufanele kuhlanganiswe nesithombe esisodwa, futhi ungagijimeli ezingxenyeni ezithile.