Ukuhambisana kwalesi sihloko
Njengamanje, emhlabeni jikelele, kufaka phakathi ezweni lethu, impikiswano yokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla emisha iyamangaza. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi abaluleke kakhulu ngamafutha, igesi yemvelo, amalahle, ugesi. Ama-oyela kanye negesi okugciniwe akunamkhawulo, ngenxa yakho konke lokhu kuyadingeka ukubheka eminye imithombo yamandla. Enye yazo ukusetshenziswa kwamaphaneli elanga. Emandleni elanga, kuye kwaziwa isikhathi eside, lesi isihloko sezingxabano kanye nezingxoxo phakathi kochwepheshe. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi leli yithemba elikhulu lekusasa, abanye bayazethemba ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Isifunda se-Solar Panel Uxhumano.
Manje inani elikhulu kakhulu lemikhankaso emikhulu lifaka izigidi ekuthuthukisweni kwalomboni, kubandakanya nokwakhiwa kwezitshalo zamandla elanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphaneli elanga awadingi izindleko lapho zisebenza, kepha izindleko zale mpahla ziphezulu. Ingxenye yochwepheshe iphikisana ukuthi inzuzo evela kule phrojekthi ngeke ikwazi ukumboza izindleko ezihambisana nokwakha. Ngokuphambene, la madivaysi angasebenza iminyaka eminingi neminyaka eyikhulu, ngakho-ke, ngokuhlinzwa isikhathi eside, inzuzo izobonakala. Kufanele kubhekwe ngemininingwane eminingi, kuyini ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana elanga, izici zokunquma. Kepha okokuqala udinga ukujwayelana nomgomo womsebenzi wabo, izinzuzo eziphambili.
Umgomo wokusebenza kwamabhethri elanga
Uhlelo lwezinto zebhethri lelanga.
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ugesi umthombo ophambili wamandla. Kepha ingatholakala futhi ibe lula. Ilanga lingumthombo wemvelo wamandla ongasetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wanamuhla. Kumaphaneli elanga, indlela eyinhloko yomsebenzi ukumuncwa kwamandla elanga futhi akuguqule kube ngugesi, futhi kamuva kube yi-thermal. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwalawa madivayisi kutholakala ohlelweni lokushisa kwezindlu zangasese.
Amabhethri anjalo akhiqiza ama-photovoltaic wamandla kagesi. Amaphaneli elanga ane-semiconductor element lapho imisebe yelanga ithinteka khona. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa amanje kagesi njalo, okusetshenziselwa ukufudumeza.
Emaketangeni amangqamuzana elanga, kukhiqizwa amandla okusebenza, okusebenzayo. Idivayisi ifaka ibhethri elikwazi ukuqongelela amandla. Ngokungangabazeki, ukuze kwenzeke, kuzodingeka isimo sezulu esinelanga. Ngemuva kokuqongelelwa kwamandla, ibhethri linganikeza umthengi ngemfudumalo isikhashana esimweni sezulu esinamafu.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ubuchwepheshe be-Loggian Glazing Technology: Ukukhetha ukuheha, izinyathelo zokufaka
Ukusebenza kwemishini yelanga
Kuwufanele ukwazi ukusebenza kwamabhethri elanga. Ukuthembela kudatha yesayensi, kungaphikiswa ukuthi amandla acishe abe yi-1367 W nge-1 m². Esifundeni sekhwetha, kubambezeleka umkhathi waso, ngakho amandla afinyelela emhlabeni alingana no-1020 W.
E-Russia, kungenzeka ukuthola kuphela i-160 w / m² ekubukweni kweqiniso lokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwamangqamuzana elanga kungu-16%.
Uhlelo lwebhethri lelanga.
Isibonelo, uma ufaka amabhethri elanga endaweni ye-1 km², khona-ke inani lonyaka lokuthola ugesi lizobe licishe libe ngu-187 GW / H (1173 * 0.16).
Ngasikhathi sinye, i-angle yokuyifaka ehlobene nokukhanya kwesigameko ibaluleke kakhulu, kulokhu inani layo elifanele lingu-40 °. Izindleko ze-1 KW kagesi njengamanje zilingana nama-ruble ama-3, izindleko zokufakwa kukagesi kuzoba ama-ruble angama-561 ayisigidi. Ukusebenza kahle kwale mishini akuhambelani futhi kuya ngezici ezimbalwa. Okuyinhloko kubo ubukhulu bokuqina nobude bokuthi, nakho, okunqunywa yizimo zezulu, isikhathi sosuku nobusuku, okungukuthi, le ndawo. Uhlobo lwamaseli elanga lubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kwendlu yangasese
Okuthakazelayo okukhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemishini enjalo yokushisa ekhaya. Ugesi ungumthombo omuhle kakhulu wokushisa. Izindlu eziningi zinohlelo olunjalo lokushisa. Kuyadingeka ukubheka iqiniso lokuthi ukufudumala kwendlu yangasese ngosizo lomthombo onjalo kungakuhle ukuhlela izifunda kuphela ngamandla amakhulu elanga. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasezulwini ubusuku be-polar bungenye indlela. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga nezinye izinhlobo zokushisa, isibonelo, igesi noma ukufudumeza uphethiloli oqinile (isithando somlilo).Le nto ukuthi ukusebenza kwamabhethri anjalo esimweni sezulu esinamafu kuphansi, okungadala ukuntuleka kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukufudumeza ngamandla elanga, kuguqulwe kube ngugesi, akunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngokwahlukana kwabanye. Zisebenzise kahle ukonga imali kuphela lapho kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamaphaneli elanga ngeke kunikeze ngokuphelele izimo ze-microclimatic egumbini, kufudumeza indlu, ngenxa yalokhu, lolu hlobo lwamandla lunconywa ukuthi lusetshenziswe kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokushisa.
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Ukusebenza kwezomnotho
Uhlelo lomqoqi welanga.
Ukuhlinzekwa okubalulekile lapho usebenzisa lo mthombo - inzuzo yezomnotho. Ngokuqondile kuncike emandleni ebhethri kanye nesikwele sezinto ze-Photovoltaic ezibona imisebe. Uma uthatha idolobha elinjalo ngokwesibonelo njengeMoscow, khona-ke ungathola imininingwane elandelayo ethokozisayo. Uma umthamo wedivaysi uneminyaka engama-800 w, kuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ngokunembile izinto zasendlini, kepha ngeke akwazi ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kukagesi okungaphazamiseki phakathi nosuku lwamakamelo okushisa.
Ngamandla edivayisi izikhathi eziyi-10, okungukuthi, 8 kW, kuzofudumeza indawo encane yegumbi ekhaya ekwindla nasebusika isikhathi. Entwasahlobo kungenzeka ukuqeda ukufudumeza kwawo wonke amakamelo.
Idivayisi enomthamo we-13.5 kw cishe icishe ithathe indawo kagesi ngokuphelele, engaqinisekisa ukufudumala okuqhubekayo kwendlu ngaso sonke isikhathi sonyaka, ngaphandle kukaNovemba, Disemba noJanuwari. Kulokhu, ungashiya amadivaysi ayisisekelo ukuze usebenze kusuka kumathuluzi elanga, futhi ukufudumeza kuxhunyiwe ohlelweni oluphakathi. Ngakho-ke ungasindisa ngokufanele. Ama-generator anamandla kakhulu yilawo anamandla angama-31,5 kw. Bazokuvumela ukuthi ulahle ngokuphelele izinhlobo eziphambili zokuhlinzekwa kwamandla futhi usebenzise kuphela amandla elanga onke isikhathi eside. Kepha kukhona amawashini anjalo abizayo, anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo.
Okubi kwamandla elanga
I-Solar Panel Layout.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ugesi otholwe usebenzisa amandla elanga angadingi ukutshalwa kwezimali ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kunezinkinga eziningi kulo magazini. Okokuqala, ivolumu kagesi ophumayo incike kakhulu kulezi zinto ezilandelayo: isimo sezulu, i-latiain latitude, amabhethri.
Okwesibili, imithombo enjalo yokushisa ingaphezu kwendlela eyengeziwe, ngokwengeziwe, ukufudumeza, okukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwawo. Okwesithathu, ukufakwa kwemishini enjalo kubiza imali eningi. Ikakhulu, iphathelene nezitshalo ezinkulu zamandla. Izindleko zamabhethri ngokwazo zingumyalo wobukhulu obuphakeme kunalokho kwamabhethri.
Kepha into ebaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa izindlela zokukhiqiza ukushisa okutholwe elangeni futhi zililondoloze isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Kusihlwa, ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kuyanda, futhi amabhethri asebenza ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasemini. Ososayensi babala ukuthi izindleko ze-1 w ebhethri zingu-0.5 $. Ngosuku (amahora angama-8 omsebenzi), uyakwazi ukwakha i-8 W / H, ezodingeka kusihlwa. Ugesi oshibhile kakhulu welanga usutholakala usebenzisa amabhethri e-polycrystalline. Iqiniso lokuthi izindleko zamandla elanga akufanele zedlule inani lamaphethiloli ahlukile, ngokwesibonelo, igesi. Uma sithatha esibonelweni somunye wabaholi bomhlaba kulolu daba - I-Germany - Intengo kaphethiloli kuyo ilingana nama- $ 450, khona-ke izindleko ze-1 kW zamandla elanga akufanele zibe ziphakeme kune-0.1 $. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zitolo kuzobe kungafanele ngokomnotho.
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Izinzuzo zomthombo wamandla
Ugesi, otholwayo, ngenye indlela esasisetshenziselwa ukusisebenzisa namuhla. Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla lulungele lezo zindawo nezinto lapho kungekho eminye imithombo, ngokwesibonelo, eziteshini zamaselula ezikude.Imishini enjalo ingabaluleka ezifundeni eziseningizimu yezwe lethu, lapho kunenani eliphakeme lomsebenzi welanga. Lapho usebenzisa iziteshi ezinkulu kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi zingasebenza inqwaba neminyaka engamakhulu.
Isiphetho, iziphetho, izincomo
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, kungenzeka ukuthi uphethe ngokuthi eMhlabeni wanamuhla kukhona ukusesha kweminye imithombo yamandla. Isiqondisi esithenjiswayo ngamandla elanga, okususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwamaphaneli elanga. Ukufakwa okujwayelekile kwe-solar kuqukethe lezi zingxenye eziphambili ezilandelayo: isiguquli esijwayelekile, isiguquli se-DC sokunye, indlela yokuthatha amandla, ibhethri kanye nedivayisi elawula izinga lokushaja nokukhipha.
Ukusebenza kwemishini enjalo kuncike ezicini eziningana. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubo umsebenzi wamandla elanga namandla ebhethri. Amadivayisi aphezulu kakhulu anomthamo we-13.5 kW, ongahlinzeka ngokusebenza okucishe kuphunywe kuyo yonke imishini. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yezwe lethu, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri akuthembisa. Kunconywa ukuba uzisebenzise njengomthombo owengeziwe kagesi ukonga imali. Kungcono ukuyihlanganisa ngokushisa okuphakathi (kugesi yemvelo noma uphethiloli oqinile). Lapho kuqalisa iziteshi zelanga, kuyadingeka ukubheka izindleko eziphakeme zemishini. I-Payback ingaba amashumi eminyaka.