Amandla okuhlela i-cellar ngaphansi kwe-balcony yesiteji sokuqala kwenzeka uma isisekelo sendawo esisebenzisa i-facade yendlu iphansi ngenhla kwesakhiwo sefulethi. Le ndawo yama-balconies ivame ukutholakala ezindlini eziyisishiyagalolunye ezinamatende elokwakhiwa kwama-70s - iminyaka engama-80 yekhulu leminyaka edlule. Ngaphansi kwe-loggia endlini enjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuhlela i-cellar, njengoba isisekelo saso sincike ekusekelweni kwesakhiwo. Kulesi sihloko sizosho ukuthi ukwenza kanjani i-cellar ngezandla zawo esitezi sokuqala sendlu enezitezi eziningi.
Umhlobiso obhalwe phansi wokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-balcony
Noma yiluphi ushintsho ekwakhekeni kwezindlu kumele luqinisekiswe ukulungiswa okuhambisanayo kwemizimba yokulawula. Ukwakhiwa okungagunyaziwe kungaholela enkingeni enkulu. Ngakho-ke, konke kufanele kwenziwe ngokusemthethweni. Ezivumelwaneni ezifanele (lokhu kungaba ngumnyango wezokwakha nokwakhiwa ngesikhathi sekomidi eliPhezulu lesifunda) Faka isicelo sokuhlelwa kwesethazi ngohlelo lokusebenza lwephrojekthi ye-Redevelopment. Ngemuva kokuthola izimvume ezifanele, ungaqhubekela ekwakhiweni kwe-cellar kuvulandi esitezi sokuqala. Ekupheleni kokwakhiwa, isenzo sokwamukelwa komsebenzi siyakhiwa. Iphasiphothi yezobuchwepheshe yefulethi ifaka ushintsho olufanele ngosayizi wendawo ephelele yezindlu nasezinhlelweni zokuhlela efulethini.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokwanda kwendawo yonke efulethini, intela izokhula ngokufanele.
Izigaba zomsebenzi wokwakha we-cellar
Uma kukhona ngisho nesipiliyoni esincane ekwakhiweni komnikazi, ifulethi ngeke libangele ubunzima obukhethekile ukwenza ukubekwa kwesela kuvulandi. Phonsa yonke inkambo yokwakhiwa kwesitezi esingaphansi ziye ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo:Ukususwa kwe-Gamesst
Ukuze uqale umsebenzi wobumba, udinga ukususa ibhulakufesi. Ungqimba olungenhla lwe-asphalt ludilizwa phansi nge-perforator noma isikhafu. Bese ususa itshe elichotshoziwe, isihlabathi kanye nongqimba olungenamanzi.
Indawo egujiwe
I-boiler igazinge izungeze i-perimeter yepuleti yepuleti yokujula, ezovumela abahlali befulethi ngokukhululeka emphemeni, ngaphandle kokushintsha. Inqubo yokuphepha kufanele ilandelwe ekuqalisweni kwama-Earthworks. Kuyadingeka ukunaka ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, futhi kuvikele ukuwa kwezindonga ze-cellar. Uma ingozi enjalo iphakama, izindawo zomhlabathi zezindonga kufanele ziqiniswe okwesikhashana ngebha yokhuni noma ezinye izinto eziqinile.Ukubeka eceleni kukaPaul
Isisekelo sesisekelo sephansi
Kuyadingeka ukuhlela phansi kwe-cellar kusuka ekubekeni i-rubberoid esiseleni somhlabathi esingaphansi. I-ruberoid izosebenza njenge-groughproofproof ethembekile phansi. Lapho-ke i-ruberoid ilala ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi. Ukuzethemba okukhulu ngamandla wesisekelo, ungqimba lwemfucumfucu luthululelwa esihlabathini esidwetshiwe, futhi futhi zingaphansi kwe-traam ephelele. Ama-tamping angenziwa ngezandla zawo kusuka engxenyeni yensimbi ebukhali ene-welded efaneleke kuyo ngesibambo esiguqukayo. Ukusikwa kwelogi ngesibambo esihlaselwe kabili kuye kungasebenza futhi kube yi-tamper enhle.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukuhlelwa kwefenisha egumbini elincane
Isendlalelo sesibili nesokugcina sesembozo senziwe ngezinguqulo ezimbili:
- Asphalt coating
- I-strainer kasimende
Asphalt coating
Phansi kusuka kulokhu okuqukethwe amandla okusebenza nokusebenziseka akunakuphansi kokuhlanganisa usimende. Ubunzima bokuthi kuyadingeka ukuthola i-asphalt eshisayo kanye ne-bitumen futhi ubanikele ngokushesha endaweni yokubeka. Uma kunethuba elinjalo, kufanele lisetshenziswe. Inzuzo ye-asphalt phambi kosimende Screed ukuthi akudingekile ukulinda amasonto ama-3 kuye kwangama-4 akhuphuka udaka kasimende. I-asphalt floor ehleliwe ilungele ukusetshenziswa cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphazamiseka kwayo.I-strainer kasimende
Ungqimba lodaka lukasimende lubekwe esisekelweni esiqediwe semicamelo yesihlabathi nemfucumfucu. Ukuthola indawo ebushelelezi futhi ebushelelezi ye-screen, izingxube ezikhethekile zezitezi zokuzehlukanisa okuningi.
Ngomshini wale ndawo, kuzodingeka i-spatula enezinhlanga futhi i-puffer roller. I-spatula isetshenziswa ngesisombululo se-liquid futhi isisabalalise ngokulinganayo phezu kwawo wonke umuntu wesisekelo. I-roller incipha umoya osele kwikhambi bese ekugcineni lakha indawo evundlile. Ukuvikela phansi okuqediwe kusuka kumonakalo ongahleliwe, i-linoleum ifaka phakathi kwayo. I-linoleum ingafakwa noma ithathwe nje.
Bheka ividiyo ukuthi yenza kanjani i-cellar:
Ukuvimbela amanzi ezindongeni
Ingaphezulu lomhlaba lezindonga kufanele lihlanganiswe nongqimba lokungena kwamanzi. Amashidi we-ruberoid ahlelwe ngemishado yokhuni noma abanye abapristi. Ifilimu eliwugqinsi eliwugqinsi lingasetshenziswa njengokufaka ngaphansi kwamanzi.Ukupholisa
Umoya omncane emphemeni
Ukuze ugweme ukubukeka kokudangala egumbini elingaphansi, udinga umoya omncane wekamelo. Njengoba umoya ofudumele omanzi uqongelela phezulu kwekamelo, umgodi we-vent wenziwa ngaphansi kwesitofu se-balcony. Umgodi ovundlile uphukile emhlabathini. Amadijithi aphezulu umgodi wokujula kuya phezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho banciphisa ipayipi elixhumeke nengxenye evundlile yepayipi ledolo. Umhlaba ugcwalisa isono ezungeze ipayipi, futhi udabule ngokuphelele umhlabathi. Ukuqhekeka okulimele okuzungeze ipayipi kuyabuyiselwa.
I-hood emphemeni ingenziwa ngezandla zazo kusuka kwipayipi eli-asbetic noma lensimbi elinobubanzi obungu-100 mm. I-Knee ingcono ukuthenga esitolo sokwakha kunokusungula okuthile ngokwakho. Endlini engaphansi, umgodi wokuphela komgodi umbozwe ngethanga elihle. Emgodini ongenhla faka isambulela sensimbi ye-galvanized. Ngeke ivumele ama-seddents asemoyeni aye emphemeni. Imikhiqizo ye-ASBaterent ayidingi ukuvikelwa kokulwa nokugqwala. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufakwa komoya omncane kusuka kupayipi lensimbi, kufaneleke kahle nge-anti-corrition yokwakheka. Ukungena komoya omncane kuzokonga imikhiqizo ngomile, futhi kuzovimbela ukubukeka kokubumba nesikhunta.
Isihloko ngesihloko: imidwebo i-arbor from polycarbonate ngezandla zabo: khetha ifomu nendlela yokwakha
Ukwakhiwa kwezindonga zezitini
Ngemuva kwedivaysi evuthayo kanye nezindonga ezingenamanzi ze-cellar ziqala ukwakha izingodo zezitini. Ama-masonry enza ubukhulu be-polonkich. Sebenzisa isitini esibomvu noma esibunjiwe salokhu. Izindonga eziqediwe zidilizwa. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi isitini esibomvu sishibhile kune-silicate.Izitini Masonry ezivela ezingeni lomhlaba ukuya epuletini le-balcony kumele lifakwe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwesitezi esingaphansi. Ukuze ungaphazamisi indiza ebheke phezulu kwezindonga, ukufakwa kwenza konke ngaphezulu kwezindonga. Njengokufakwa kwe-thermal, uvolo wamaminerali, amagwebu noma ezinye izinto ezifanayo ezintweni zayo zisetshenziswa. Ekugcineni, indawo ebheke phezulu yancishiswa ngamashidi amaholo apendwe.
Umhlobiso Wall ngezinga elithile wehlisa indawo ewusizo ye-cellar. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bokubhekana nalo kufanele bube kahle.
Kancane
Ngedivayisi, i-hatch kuvulandi izodingeka i-perforator kanye nesiBulgaria. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:
- Ukumaka kosuku.
- Ukudala umgodi epuletini ekhonkolo eqinisiwe.
- Kufakwa imbuzi.
- Ukubeka i-hatch.
Ukumaka isikhova
I-hatch esitofini ibekwe kwelinye lamahlangothi alo lamuva. Imvamisa, ukutholwa kwenza ifomu lesikwele lama-50 x 50 cm cm. Ubukhulu be-hatch kufanele banikeze indinyana yamahhala yomuntu onesikhwama samazambane.Ukwakha umgodi epuletini ekhonkolo eqinisiwe
IsiBulgaria senza ukusikeka epuletini eMarkup of the Day. Ngemuva kwalokho usike umgodi nge-restforicedon nge-perforator. Ukuqiniswa kunqunywa kusikwa yi-grinder.
Ukufakwa kwesichibi
Kusukela ukwephulwa kohlaka okuqinisa amandla kwenza amandla umthamo wepuleti, khona-ke uhlaka lwe-hatch lwenziwe kangcono kusuka kuphrofayela yensimbi (isiteshi noma amakona amabili afanayo). Kuzoqinisa ukwakheka kwesitofu.Uhlaka losuku lwenziwa futhi kusuka kubha yokhuni noma ebhodini eliminyene. Imininingwane yokhuni ihlelwe ngama-dowels ku-loop yepuleti ye-balcony. Uhlaka lwamapulangwe lufakwe nge-antiseptic ne-stain ngopende kawoyela.
I-Framing kufanele ihlabezelwe ebunyeni besembozo ukuze i-hatch ehleliwe ayizange ikhulume ngenhla kobuso bepuleti le-balcony.
Iqoqo le-hatch
I-Rama Hatch eyenziwe ngephrofayili yensimbi
Uma umnikazi ekwazi ukuphatha imishini yokufudumeza, ngeke kube nzima ngaye ukupheka ngezandla ukuphakama kosuku nohlaka lwephrofayili yensimbi. Emabhodini noma Isikwele se-chipboard silungisiwe. Ngoba kubakaki ebusweni be-hatch baqinile. I-loop ephakamisayo ngeke isebenze ngaphezulu komhlaba phansi, futhi ngeke iphazamise ukuhamba. ULuka walengiswa echibini elihlaselwe ngohlaka losuku.
Uma ukufakwa kosuku kwenziwa ngokhuni, khona-ke i-hatch iqoqwe kusuka kubha yokhuni namabhodi. Ukusetha i-hatch kwenziwa ngokubopha izingodo ezimbili kuhlaka lwayo kanye ne-bruster ebabazekayo, esondele kakhulu ohlangothini lwe-balcony. Ama-fasteners ahlelwe ngezikulufo. Ingaphezulu lomnyango we-hatch esitezi esingaphansi limbozwe ngezinto ezifanayo njengoba yonke phansi yepuleti ye-balcony isemboziwe.
Sincoma ukubuka amavidiyo ukuthi angawenza kanjani i-cellar kuvulandi:
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungasikhetha kanjani isigaba sekhebula
Isikhwelo
Umthambeka wesitebhisi akufanele ube ngamatshe futhi awonakali kakhulu. Ngoba esimweni sokuqala, ubungozi bokuwa ezitebhisini buyanda. Ku-Second Version, futhi, ngobumnene kuthatha indawo eningi ye-cellar, ezokwehlisa kakhulu indawo ebalulekile eyisisekelo. Imvamisa izimo ezifanele kakhulu zokufaka izitebhisi lapho i-angle yeseduzane nengxenye engenhla yesitebhisi eya odongeni ngama-degree angama-30. Ukuqhuma kube yisitezi esingaphansi kwenziwa ngensimbi noma ngokhuni.
Isitebhisi sokhuni kungenzeka sihlangane ngezandla zabo kusuka kubha kanye nebhodi kusetshenziswa izipikili nezikulufa. Ngokwenziwa kwezitebhisi, izingodo zisetshenziswa yisigaba sesiphambano sika-70 x 70 mm kanye nobukhulu bokukhulunywa okungenani kwe-20 mm. Lungisa izitebhisi ezinama-dowels phansi kanye nodonga lwe-cellar.
I-Metal Staircase yenziwa kusetshenziswa i-Welding kagesi. Uma umnikazi engenazo isipiliyoni ekwenzeni i-welding, kungcono uku-oda ukwenziwa kwezitebhisi ezivela ku-welder ochwepheshe. Ezansi kwezitebhisi ezinqatshelwe amashubhu amile. I-threaded ngezikhonkwane ezingezansi zensimbi iqhutshwa phansi esitezi esingaphansi. Phezulu kwemvelaphi, izikhonkwane zigibela amashubhu avundlile avundlile. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuqina okuthembekile nokuqina kwalo lonke isakhiwo sensimbi.
Izitebhisi ezihlanganisiwe zenziwe ngensimbi enomhlaba ohlanganisiwe ngesimo se- "lentils" noma igridi ye-convex. Lokhu kuzovimbela ekwehleni okungahleliwe kumuntu, ngenxa yesilayidi endaweni ebushelelezi yensimbi.
Ukuthuthuka Kwangaphakathi Kwesela
I-cellar ihlelwe ngohlaka lwamapulangwe kusuka kubha kulapho kufakwa khona amashalofu avela kwi-chipboard noma ezinye izinto eziqinile ezibekwe. Ukuphakama kwamashalofu kufanele kube lula ukwamukela ukongiwa kwasekhaya ngamabhange ayi-litre-litre, alitha namathathu.
Ungathenga i-rack yensimbi eyenziwe ngomumo, bese uyifaka emseleni. I-Universal Design of the Slowving ikuvumela ukuthi ufake ukuphakama okudingayo.
Enye yezindonga ifakwa esifubeni sokhuni sokulondolozwa kwamazambane neklabishi. Izaqathe zigcinwa kumabhokisi we-sandges. Yini enye engabekwa egumbini elingaphansi, kuya ngosayizi wendawo yegumbi.
Izivakashi ezingamenywanga nokuvikelwa kubo
Ukuhogela kusuka emikhiqizweni engaphansi kungaheha izivakashi ezingamenyiwe ezifana namagundane, amagundane nezinambuzane. Ukuvela kokuziphilisa okunjalo kungadala ukulimala okukhulu kokulondolozwa kwezomnotho.
Okokuqala, okudingeka kwenziwe ukuze kuvikeleke ezinambuzaneni, ngokucophelela ukubheka ubuqotho bendawo engaphansi yesisekelo. Kuvele umgodi futhi izikhala ziseduze nosimende ngodaka ngengilazi eminyene. Amagundane awathandwa kakhulu.
Ngemuva kwalokho umgodi wokuphuma kufanele uvalwe nge-mesh engajulile. Phansi kwe-cellar kubeka i-mousetrap bese ubeka ubuthi begundane. Konke lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina umkhiqizo ugcine ukuphepha nokuphepha.