Enqubweni yokusebenza isikhathi eside kwanoma yikuphi ukufakwa kwama-boiler, i-boiler kanye ne-exchanger yokushisa kuhlale kuhlangana namanzi aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezincibilikisiwe. Yilezi zinto - usawoti wensimbi nabanye - hlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zezingxenye, ezingaholela ekwakhekeni kwesilinganiso esingafuneki.
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokugeza i-boiler: hydrodynamic, mehendi, okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukukala ngokusobala kunciphisa ukuthuthuka okushisayo kwalo lonke uhlelo, okuholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zikagesi, ukwephulwa kokusakazwa okufanele kokuphola nge-boiler.
Kungakho ukugeza kwama-boilers kusuka esikalini kuyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu edinga ukwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izinhlobo eziphambili zokuqothuka kwe-boiler
Ukuhlanza uhlelo lwe-boiler.
Ngaphansi kokugeza kwama-boilers, kuyadingeka ukuqonda lonke uhla lwemicimbi, phakathi nalokho, ngosizo lwezindlela zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali kusuka ku-boiler, isilinganiselo se-axial sisuswe ngokuphelele. Namuhla, izinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zihlukaniswa: Ukulungisa nokujwayelekile. Nge-Flushes ejwayelekile yama-boilers anezingxenye zawo wonke ukufakwa kwe-boiler, inani elincane lesikali esiphakanyisiwe lisusiwe. Ukusebenza kokulungisa kwenziwa kaningi, okungukuthi, ezimweni lapho ukugcwala okujwayelekile kungasasizanga.
Ngokuphamba okujwayelekile asikho isidingo sokwehlukaniswa kohlelo. Konke ukusebenza kwenziwa kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile. Ngenxa yale ndlela, kungenzeka ukuvimba ukwenzeka kwamanani amakhulu. Ngakho-ke ungavimba izimo eziphuthumayo. Ama-boilers ajwayelekile ahamba phambili Kubalulekile ukwenza ukulimala kwemishini, okuhambisana nokwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kohlelo ngenxa yama-blockages ngenxa yama-blockages. Ukugcwala okujwayelekile kufanele kwenziwe njalo eminyakeni embalwa, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza njalo kohlelo lokushisa, le nkathi kunconyelwa ukuncishiswa. Lokhu kusebenza kungenziwa lapho, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenzisa ama-boilers asebenzayo.
Lapho ulungisa ukugeza, kufanele uhlukanise ngokuphelele uhlelo. Le nqubo yenziwa uma okunye ukusebenza kohlelo kulinganiselwa njengokungaphephile. Ukusebenza okunjalo kuvame ukukhiqizwa yindlela ebonakalayo, kepha ukusetshenziswa kokugeza amakhemikhali kungenzeka.
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Ukufakwa okukhethekile kusetshenziselwa ama-boilers athambile, noma okuthiwa ama-booster. Lokhu kufaka uhlelo olubanzi oluqukethe amabhlokhi amabili. Umsebenzi wama-boosters anjalo anomklamo olula uyinkimbinkimbi futhi udinga ukubalwa kwezinto eziningi ezincane. Izici ezinjalo kufanele zifake izici zokwakhiwa kokufakwa kwe-boiler uqobo, kanye nekhono lokushintsha amapharamitha anjalo njengezinga lokushisa nengcindezi yezixazululo zokuhlanza ohlelweni uqobo.
Umgomo wokugeza usebenzisa ama-boosters
Uhlelo lwedivayisi ye-boiler.
Umgomo wokuhlanza usebenzisa ama-boosters ngu-Ament okhethekile wokuhlanza ama-boiling athululelwa ethangi lokufaka. Okulandelayo, i-booster ngezimbobo ezikhona zokudla ixhumeke ekufakweni kwe-boiler, khona-ke iphampu liqala ukusebenza, okuhlukanisa ithuluzi lokugcwala ku-boiler. Lesi sixazululo sijikeleza kulo lonke uhlelo lapho luhlakazeka khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lonke ikhambi lisuswa ngokufakwa, konke kugezwa ngamanzi. Lokho wukuthi, kungaphikiswa ukuthi i-block esebenzayo ye-booster ine-pump esebenzisa wonke umsebenzi wokugeza ama-boilers. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto nazo zidlalwa yiqhaza elibalulekile: ithangi le-reagent, izinto zokushisa (eziyishumi).
Ithangi lokuBooster liyisiqukathi se-hermetic, esenziwa kusetshenziswa izinto ezingamelana namakhemikhali. Lesi yisimo esidingekayo sokusebenzisa ithangi, ngoba isitsha sinokuxhumana isikhathi eside ngemidiya enolaka. I-booster kufanele ibekezelele amazinga okushisa aphakeme. Imvamisa into yokushisa ifakwa ethangini, heater kagesi ka-tubular. Umsebenzi wayo ulele ekufuneni kwesixazululo ngama-boilers athambile ekushiseni okuthile. Kuyizinhlelo ezinjalo ezinamathani ashumekiwe asebenza kahle kakhulu nesivinini somsebenzi.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yalokhu kufakwa yipompo. Inika lo msebenzi olandelayo: ukondla isixazululo sokuhlanza kusuka ethangini lokufakwa uqobo ohlelweni, ukulungiswa kwengcindezi ephezulu ohlelweni, kususa uketshezi lwayo oluchithe i-fluid yalo kanye nesigaba sokugcina - ukugcwala ama-boiler awo amanzi.
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Amathuba amaphampu okukhulisa okufanele abe nawo
Umdwebo wepompo we-bower.
Ngokusekelwe kulemisebenzi, iphampu yokukhulisa kufanele ibe nezici ezilandelayo:
- Amathuba okusebenza lapho usebenza ngemidiya enolaka. Iphampu kufanele iqinisekise ngokuphelele ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi olunolaka kusuka endaweni yangaphandle.
- Amandla okulawula ingcindezi. Lapho ugeza i-boiler, inani elithile lamagesi liqala ukuhlukaniswa, okuqala ukukhulisa ingcindezi ohlelweni, ngakho-ke iphampu kufanele ibe nekhono elinjalo ngokwehla kwengcindezi.
- Iphampu kumele ibe nomsebenzi wokusebenza kwimodi yokusakaza eguqukayo. Lokhu kubuyela emuva kuyadingeka ukususa uketshezi lokuhlanza ohlelweni lwe-boiler. Ukusuka kule modi ngqo kuncike ekusebenzeni kwalo lonke uhlelo.
- Iphampu kumele ikwazi ukuxhumana nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi. Isiteji sokugcina esishisayo siqukethe ukugeza uhlelo ngamanzi ompompi, okufanele aqhamuke ekunikezelweni kwamanzi okuphakathi.
Kusenezidingo eziningi zezinto zokusebenza (ama-boosters). Isibonelo, ukufakwa kokufakwa okunezimbobo zokukhipha zohlelo lwe-boiler kufanele kuvalwe ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isixazululo sokuhlanza kufanele sibe ngaphansi kokungathathi hlangothi ngaphambi kokuthi kuhlale ekukhuculweni kwendle. Ungakhohlwa ngenqubo yokuphepha. Le ndlela ibhekwa njengenketho esebenza kahle futhi enomnotho yokugeza i-boiler.
Ukulungisa ama-boilers afushanise kufanele kusetshenziswe emacaleni angavamile lapho isilinganiso sesilinganiso sivimbela ukusakazwa okufanele kohlelo lokuphola kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-boiler. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukugcwala okuvuthayo kwama-boilers kuyabiza kakhulu kunokugcwala okujwayelekile, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima ikakhulukazi.
Izindlela zokugeza i-boiler
Namuhla kunezindlela ezintathu zokugeza i-boiler:
- IHydrodynamic;
- ngomshini;
- Okuphelele.
Isikimu sesakhiwo se-boiler.
Indlela yokuqala neyesithathu isebenza kahle kakhulu. Uma ukugcwala okujwayelekile kungenziwa ngokuzimela, khona-ke ukulungiswa kungcono ukwethemba ongoti, ngoba kunengozi enkulu yokulimaza lokhu noma leyo ngxenye ye-boiler.
Ukugcwala kwemishini kohlelo lwe-boiler ukususa isikali kusuka ezintweni ezingcolisiwe usebenzisa ukucubungula kwabo ngokomzimba kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile. Ama-metal scrapers noma amabhulashi angasetshenziswa njengamathuluzi anjalo, kanye namakhanda aphesheya ane-air noma idrayivu kagesi.
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Ngale ndlela yokuwasha, udinga ukunaka ngokukhethekile ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubungozi bomonakalo ku-boiler uqobo buphezulu. Lokhu akunakuvunyelwa, ngoba inqubo yokugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi yohlelo lwe-boiler izosheshisa. Kungakho kudingekile ukulandela ngokuqinile imithetho yokusebenza kwamathuluzi akhethiwe.
Ingozi encane yi-Hydrodynamic imvume yama-boilers kusuka esikalini. Kulesi simo, isikali sisuswa ezingxenyeni ze-boiler sisebenzisa indiza yamanzi enamandla ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Ukukhiqiza okukhulu kakhulu lapha kunendlela yokuqala. Le ndlela inobungane bemvelo, amakhemikhali nenobungozi awasetshenziswa lapha.
Kunendlela yesithathu - ukugcwala okuyinkimbinkimbi kwama-boilers kusuka esikalini. Lapha, njengoba kucacile egameni, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yezindlela. Isibonelo, ukuhlanza imishini kanye namakhemikhali kusetshenziswa kwinkimbinkimbi.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukugcwala kwamakhemikhali kungokulandelayo: izingxenye ezingcolisiwe zithathwe ohlelweni lwe-boiler futhi zibekwe esitsheni ngesisombululo sokuhlanza amahora amaningi. Okulandelayo, bagezwa ngaphansi kwamanzi agijimayo futhi babuyiselwa ohlelweni.
Izisekelo zamakhemikhali wamakhemikhali
Hlanza i-boiler enezixazululo ezisuselwa kusawoti, isibabule, i-phosphoric noma i-nitric acid: zinezakhiwo eziphezulu ze-oxidative. Ukulungiselela lezi zindlela, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa i-acid ngesilinganiso esithile samanzi.
Futhi okuvuthayo, kanye nokugcwala kwamakhemikhali kwe-Imberworm of boiler kusuka esikalini kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Ngamunye wabo uzokwethula imithamo eyengeziwe ye-reagent. Lokhu kungenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-acid: Ukuthuthukisa ukusabela ngezinto ezifakiwe ekwakhiweni kwe-acid, i-acid ilahlekelwa yizakhiwo zayo eziyinhloko ze-oxidative.