Ngomqondo, ububanzi be-counter kumele bahambisane namapharamitha amenyezelwe. Isibonelo, uma kukhonjisiwe ekuphawuleni ukuthi ikhebula lingu-3 x 2.5, khona-ke isigaba soConcor Cross kufanele sibe ngu-2,5 mm2. Eqinisweni, kuvela ukuthi usayizi ohlukile ungahluka ngo-20-30%, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu. Yini esongela yona? Ukugcwala ngokweqile noma ukubeka ukwahlukaniswa nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthola usayizi wocingo ukuthola isigaba salo sesiphambano. Sicabangela kanjani isigaba sesiphambano socingo ububanzi futhi sizothola phambili.
Kanjani ukukala ububanzi be-wire (wire)
Ukukala ububanzi be-wire, i-caliper noma i-micrometer yanoma yiluphi uhlobo (Mechanical noma nge-elekthronikhi) kufanelekile. Kulula ukusebenza nge-elekthronikhi, kepha akubona bonke. Kuyadingeka ukukala abaphilayo ngaphandle kokuzihlukanisa, ngakho-ke kuhanjiswe ngaphambili noma ususe ucezu oluncane. Lokhu kungenziwa uma umthengisi evunyelwe. Uma kungenjalo, thenga ucezu oluncane lokuhlola futhi usebenzise izilinganiso kukho. Ekufakweni, ukukala umqhubi noma umqhubiyalana ububanzi, ngemuva kwalokho kungenzeka ukunquma ingxenye yangempela yesiphambano sosayizi.
Izilinganiso zobubanzi be-micromemeter ye-wire zinembile kakhulu kune-caliper mehendi
Yini idivaysi yokulinganisa kuleli cala kangcono? Uma sikhuluma ngamamodeli emishini, khona-ke i-micrometer. Inokunemba kwezilinganiso ezingenhla. Uma sikhuluma ngezinketho ze-elekthronikhi, ke ngezinjongo zethu zombili zinikeza imiphumela ethembekile impela.
Uma kungekho caliper, noma i-micrometer, bamba isikulufa kanye nombusi. Kufanele sihlanze ucezu oluhle kakhulu lomqhubi wesifundo, ngakho-ke ngaphandle kokuthenga iphethini yokuhlola ngalesi sikhathi akusizi ngalutho. Ngakho-ke, susa ukwahlukaniswa kusuka esiqeshini sezintambo ngo-5-10 cm. Geza ucingo engxenyeni ye-cylindrical ye-screwdriver. Amakhoyili abekwe eduze komunye, ngaphandle kokuthola imvume. Zonke izinguquko kufanele ziqedwe, okungukuthi, "imisila" yezintambo kumele ifakwe endaweni eyodwa - phezulu noma phansi, ngokwesibonelo.
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Ukunquma ububanzi be-wire usebenzisa umbusi
Inani lokujika alibalulekile - cishe 10. Kungenzeka ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi, ukuhlukanisa kube lula. Ukujikijela kuphenduka, bese usebenzisa umoya ophuma kumbusi, uvumelanise ukuqala kokujika kokuqala ngophawu lwe-zero (njengasesithombeni). Kala ubude bendawo obuhlalwe ngocingo, bese uluhlukanisa nenani lokujika. Thola ububanzi be-wire. Kulula kakhulu.
Isibonelo, sibheka ukuthi ubukhulu bocingo buboniswe esithombeni ngenhla. Inani lokujika kwaleli cala lingu-11, bahlala ku-7.5 mm. Sihlukanisa u-7.5 kuye ku-11, sithola u-0.68 mm. Lokhu kuzoba ububanzi balolu ngocingo. Okulandelayo, ungasesha isigaba salolu hlelo.
Sifuna isigaba se-wire ububanzi: ifomula
Izintambo kukhebula zinombuthano esigabeni sesiphambano. Ngakho-ke, kwizibalo, sisebenzisa ifomula yendawo yombuthano. Ingatholwa kusetshenziswa i-radius (isigamu se-rayisisi elinganisiwe) noma ububanzi (bheka ifomula).
Nquma isigaba sesiphambano socingo ububanzi: ifomula
Isibonelo, sibala indawo ephambanisa nesigaba somqhubi wesigaba (socingo) ngosayizi abalwa ngaphambili: 0.68 mm. Ake siqale sisebenzise ifomula enomsakazo. Okokuqala sithola i-radius: Sihlukanisa ububanzi kwababili. I-0.68 mm / 2 = 0.34 mm. Ngokulandelayo lesi sibalo singena esikhundleni sefomula
S = π * R2 = 3,14 * 0.342 = 0.36 MM2
Kuyadingeka ukubala ngale ndlela: Okokuqala sizokwakhiwa esigcawini esingu-0,34, bese siphindaphinda inani elitholwe ngo-3.14. Ithole isigaba sesiphambano salolu lwe-wire 0.36 square millimeters. Lolu ucingo oluncane kakhulu, olungasetshenziswanga kumanethiwekhi anamandla.
Masibala isigaba sentambo sekhebula ububanzi besebenzisa ingxenye yesibili yefomula. Kufanele kube yincazelo efanayo. Umehluko ungaba ezinkulungwaneni zamasheya ngenxa yokujikeleza okuhlukile.
S = π / 4 * D2 = 3.14 / 4 * 0,682 = 0.785 * 0,4624 = 0.36 MM2
Kulokhu, sihlukanisa inombolo engu-3.14 kuya kwabane, khona-ke sizokwakhiwa esigcawini, lezi zibalo ezitholwe ngokuhlukahluka. Sithola inani elifanayo, njengoba kufanele libe. Manje uyazi ukuthi ungasithola kanjani isigaba sekhebula ubukhulu ububanzi. Yikuphi kwalawa amafomula alungele wena, lokho nokusebenzisa. Awukho umehluko.
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Ithebula elihambisana namadayimane ezintambo nendawo yazo yesigaba
Yenza izindawo zokuhlala esitolo noma emakethe akuhlali zifuna noma zibe nethuba. Ukuze ungachithi isikhathi ekubaleni noma hhayi ngephutha, ungasebenzisa itafula lokuvumelana kwama-diameter kanye nezingxenye zezintambo lapho kunezintambo ezivame kakhulu (zokulawula). Ingabhalwa kabusha, phrinta bese ithathwa nawe.
| Ikhi lomdla | Isigaba somgogodla |
|---|---|
| 0.8 mm | 0.5 mm2 |
| 0.98 mm | I-0.75 mm2 |
| 1,13 mm | 1 mm2. |
| 1.38 mm | 1.5 mm2 |
| 1.6 mm | 2.0 MM2. |
| 1.78 mm | 2,5 mm2 |
| 2.26 mm | 4.0 mm2 |
| 2.76 mm | 6.0 mm2 |
| 3.57 mm | 10.0 MM2. |
| 4.51 mm | 16.0 MM2. |
| 5.64 mm | 25,0 mm2. |
Ungasebenza kanjani naleli thebula? Njengomthetho, kwezintambo kukhona ukumaka noma umaki lapho amapharamitha awo akhonjiswa khona. Kukhona ukumaka ikhebula, inani lesikhathi sokuphila kanye nesigaba sabo sesiphambano. Isibonelo, ukugijima 2x4. Sinentshisekelo kumapharamitha emithambo. Futhi lezi yizinombolo ezimi ngemuva kwesibonakaliso "x". Kulokhu, kushiwo ukuthi kunemiculi emibili enesigaba esingu-4 mm2. Ngakho-ke sizobheka ukuthi ngabe lolu lwazi luyiqiniso yini.
Ukuhlola, ukukala ububanzi banoma yiziphi izindlela ezichaziwe, bese ubhekisa etafuleni. Kubonisa ukuthi ngesigaba esinjalo kumamilimitha amane ayisikwele, usayizi we-wire kumele abe ngu-2.26 mm. Uma unezilinganiso ezifanayo noma ezisondele kakhulu (Iphutha lokulinganisa likhona, njengezinsimbi ezingezona ezifanele), konke kuhamba kahle, ungathenga le ntambo.
Ubukhulu obuchaziwe bukude njalo buhambelana njalo neqiniso.
Kepha kuvame kakhulu ubukhulu bangempela babaqhubi bungaphansi kakhulu kunalokho okushiwo. Ngemuva kwalokho unezindlela ezimbili: Sesha ucingo lomunye umenzi noma uthathe isigaba esikhudlwana. Kuyena, kusobala, kuzodingeka ukuthi ukweqile, kepha inketho yokuqala izodinga isikhathi esikhulu sesikhathi, hhayi iqiniso lokuthi uzokwazi ukuthola ikhebula le-gost elihambisanayo.
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Inketho yesibili izodinga imali ethe xaxa, ngoba intengo incike kakhulu esigabeni esimenyezelwe. Noma, hhayi iqiniso - ikhebula elihle elenziwe kuzo zonke izindinganiso lingabiza kakhulu. Lokhu kuyaqondakala - izindleko zethusi, futhi, kaningi, nokuhlukaniswa, ngenkathi kuhambisana nobuchwepheshe namazinga, kukhulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi kanye ne-chitryat, benciphisa ububanzi bezintambo - ukunciphisa intengo. Kepha ukonga okunjalo kungaphenduka enkingeni. Ngakho-ke qiniseka ukukala ngaphambi kokuthenga. Ngisho nabahlinzeki abafakazelwe.
Futhi: Hlola futhi uvule ukufakwa. Kufanele kube mnene, iqinile, ibe nobukhulu obufanayo. Uma, ngaphezu kokushintsha ububanzi, inkinga ibuye ibe yokwahlukaniswa - funa ikhebula lomunye umenzi. Ngokuvamile, kungakuhle ukuthola imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo ze-gost, futhi akwenziwanga kulokho. Kulokhu, kunethemba lokuthi ikhebula noma ucingo luzosebenza isikhathi eside futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Namuhla akulula ukukwenza, kepha uma uhlukanisa i-wiring endlini noma ukuxhuma ugesi eposini, ikhwalithi ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukusesha.
Ungayinquma kanjani isigaba sesiphambano socingo oluhlanjululwe
Kwesinye isikhathi abaqhubi basetshenziswa kabi - okubandakanya izintambo eziningi ezifanayo. Ungakubala kanjani isigaba sesiphambano socingo ububanzi kuleli cala? Yebo, futhi. Yenza izilinganiso / izibalo ngocingo olulodwa, cabanga ngenombolo yabo ku-beam, bese uphindaphinda kule nombolo. Lapha uzofunda indawo yesigaba sesigaba socingo oluhlangene.
Ingxenye yesiphambano yocingo oluhlanjululwe ibhekwa njengefana