Ngakho-ke ukuthi endaweni yesehlakalo sekomile, isisekelo siyadingeka. Kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili - ngosizo lwezimbobo zomoya omncane egumbini elingaphansi lesakhiwo (ukukhiqizwa noma ukushaya) noma ukuhoxisa ipayipi eliphuma ophahleni nokwenza izimbobo eziningana zomoya ovela ezinhlangothini ezihlukile zesisekelo.
Kungani ungena ekwazi
Uma umoya omncane unganikezwanga kwisisekelo se-LAITILE, umswakama ukhula ngokushesha enkundleni ye-subfield, okwakudala noma kamuva eguqulwa ukuze aguqulwe. Umswakama ngesimo sombhangqwana uza ngokubhejani okuvela endlini, kanye nenhlabathi. Njengoba umoya omncane wesisekelo awukho, akunakwenzeka ukuwukhipha, kuqongelela emhlabathini ngaphansi kwendlu, ezindongeni zesisekelo, zihlale emishalweni yokugcwala, emabhodini amnyama phansi . Endaweni efanayo, lapho amazinga okushisa afanele nomswakama omkhulu (ngaphansi kwendlu evuthayo ngisho naseziqalo eziqinile, izinga lokushisa lihlala liphakeme kune-zero), amagciwane, isikhunta, ngaso sonke isikhathi aphindize kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, iphunga elingathandeki kakhulu lingena endlini, izinto zokwakha ziyachithwa.
Ngakho-ke ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa i-subfield ibukeka ngaphandle komoya omncane
Isizathu sesibili sokuthi kungani umoya omncane wolwazi udingekile yi-radon gas, ehlukaniswe emhlabathini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, ngamanani athile. Le yigesi yemvelo yemvelo. Ngaphandle komoya omncane, i-radon iqongelela engxenyeni engenhla yendawo engaphansi komhlaba, kancane kancane i-apps iye endlini. Yini engadala igesi enemisebe endaweni yokuhlala ukuze isho, mhlawumbe ayidingeki. Ngakho-ke lesi ngesinye isizathu esinzima sokuthi umoya omncane udingekile ukuwenza.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokufakazela isikhala esingaphansi komhlaba:
- Yenza isisekelo esisekelweni (esibizwa ngokuthi ama-exports amaningi). Kulokhu, umswakama ususiwe ngenxa yokusalungiswa - izimbobo zokungena komoya zitholakala ezindongeni eziphambili.
- Hlela i-air extractor evela emkhawulweni ongaphansi komhlaba ukususa ipayipi lokungena komoya ophahleni, futhi ukudliwa komoya kudlula amagumbi asemakamelweni. Kulokhu, ukukhiqizwa esisekelweni akusenzi, kepha kuyadingeka ukwenza ukufakwa okugcwele kwesisekelo sangaphandle + base +. Emva kwalokho, ihlelwe ngomhlabathi ongahlosile ngaphakathi kwesampula.
Isixazululo sesibili senza ukuthi sikwazi ukuthuthukisa ama-aesthetics futhi ungathathi ngaphansi komhlaba ngezindleko zokusalungiswa, kepha kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile. Le nketho ifanelekile uma uzokwakha ukonga amandla okonga amandla, abekwe kahle. Kuwo wonke amanye amacala, kufanelekile ukwenza isisekelo.
Yini okufanele ibe kakhulu esisekelweni nokuthi ungayibeka kanjani
Ukuvuleka komoya okuvuthayo esisekelweni kwenza isigaba esiyindilinga noma esikwele. Uma ufisa, ungakwazi futhi unxantathu noma elinye ifomu. Ukube nje bebenele ngokwanele ukususa umswakama ngesampula.Ubukhulu
Ubukhulu bezimbobo zokungena komoya esisekelweni balawulwa yi-snip (Snip 31-01-2003). Isigaba 9.10 sithi indawo yokukhiqiza kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-1/400 endaweni ephelele yomhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba. Isibonelo, uma unendlu ka-8 * 9 m, indawo engama-72 sq. M. M. Lapho-ke indawo ephelele yobuhlalu esisekelweni kufanele ibe ngu-72/400 = 0.18 sq.m. noma amamitha-skwele ayi-18. cm.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukubekwa kweBhodi ye-Parquet: Ungayibeka kanjani ngokwakho, ubuchwepheshe kanye nevidiyo, ukuthi ungayibeka kanjani i-parquet ye-glue, ukufakwa kulungile
Ngephuzu elifanayo, i-Standard ipelwe indawo ephansi yomkhiqizo - akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.05 sq.m. Uma uhumusha kubukhulu, kuvela ukuthi ukuvuleka okungunxande akufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-25 * 20 cm noma 50 * 10 cm, futhi umjikelezo kufanele ube nobubanzi bama-25 cm.
Ungenza izimbobo ezinkulu
Ezakhiweni zezakhiwo eziningi nokwenza, kodwa ezindlini ezinjalo ezinjalo zibukeka zizinkulu kakhulu. Imvamisa zenziwa kaningi kancane, ngenkathi zandisa inani lama-vents ukuze indawo ephelele yokumsulwa kwegazi ayiphansi kunalokho okunconyiwe.
Kanjani ukuthola
Yenza umkhiqizo ku-Foundation 15-20 cm ngaphansi komphetho ophezulu weteyipu. Uma isisekelo siphansi, ngaphambi kokufakwa kwenze ukukhulisa - iveli. Kepha umoya omncane wesampula ubophekile.
Ukukhiqizwa esisekelweni kufana nxazonke ezinhlangothini zonke zesisekelo esiphambene. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ukhethe umoya wokuzuzisa ukuze usebenze ngokujwayelekile. Umoya, "wahamba" emgodini owodwa, uzondiza kwelinye, enze ama-vapon amanzi ne-radon.
Bakhiqize esisekelweni esiphambene
Ibanga phakathi kwemikhiqizo emibili eseduze egumbini elingaphansi licishe libe ngu-2-3 m. Uma kukhona lula ngaphakathi, okungenani okukodwa kokuphuma kuyadingeka kwi "Igumbi" ngalinye. Ezingxenyeni ngokwazo, kuyadingeka futhi ukwenza ama-appsts - ukuvumela izixuku zomoya ukuhambisa nokwakha okusalungiswa. Yilokhu kanye esikudingayo. Ukuze inhlangano yayikhululekile noma incane kakhulu, indawo noma inani lezimbobo ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi kufanele zibe zinkulu futhi zingcono uma zingamahlandla ama-2-3. Ungenza izimbobo eziningana zosayizi ofanayo njengasesisekelweni, futhi ungakuthola. Inketho yesibili, ngendlela, ingcono - izindima eziphumayo zingasetshenziswa ukuze zilondoloze phansi komhlaba.
Uma ungakutholi i-lattice yebanga elifanele, ungakwenza lokho
Ukusungula kusisekelo sanoma iyiphi ifomethi kumele kuvalwe ngama-lattices - ukuze imfuyo ingangeni. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ama-lattices ayinsimbi, futhi izimbobo zincane. Ngoba amagundane ipulasitiki akulona inkinga, futhi hhayi ukubavumela lula kunokubhekana nabo.
Le ndlela ithuthukisa izimo zomoya wamathambo futhi isindisa izinduku
Kanjani ukwenza imizimba
Amafomu akhiwa esigabeni sesisekelo. Uma sikhuluma nge-Ribbon Monolithic Foundation, khona-ke imalimboleko ifakwe futhi ilungiswe ngemuva kokufaka ifreyimu yokuqinisa. Enhlanganweni yepulasitiki ecabangayo yokucabanga okuzungeza noma ama-asbestos-cement. Imiphetho yazo isuse emaphethelweni angaphandle wefomu, qinisa kahle. Uma kusetshenziswa amapayipi epulasitiki, isihlabathi simbozwe kuzo, imiphetho ihlanganiswa ngama-plugs. Kuyadingeka ukuthi isisindo sikakhonkolo asibatholi lapho sithelula. Lezi zimbotshana ngemuva kokumbiwa akususwa.
Amapayipi epulasitiki wokuthwala engaphansi
Ifomu le-FREXTRANCROMS livela kumabhodi, libhubhisa ibhokisi elifunekayo. Kufakwe futhi kwifomu lefomu, kepha ngemuva kokubeka ukhonkolo, izinkuni ziyasuswa.
Uma isisekelo sakhiwe ngezitini, ungasika izitini ngezikhathi ezithile noma ubeke uhhafu esikhundleni sakho konke. Emipheni yamabhulokhi ukhonkolo, bathatha izingcezu eziningana ezinezimbobo ezimbili ezinkulu, zibenze. Faka esikhundleni senye ye- "ejwayelekile". Uma isisekelo nesisekelo sakhiwe kusuka emabhulokini kakhonkolo aqinisiwe, akhiqizwa emalungeni.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungazihlobisa kanjani izihlalo ngezandla zakho ngeholide noma lapho uvuselela ingaphakathi
Ukudutshulwa Kwefomu
Cishe ukusungulwa nakho kumiswe kumakholomu, inqwaba (isikulufa, isisekelo se-boron-siding, tees). Lapho izikhala phakathi kwezixhaso zivaliwe ngento ekhethiwe, shiya inani elidingekayo lezimbobo, indawo ephelele yalingana nengxenye engu-1/400 ukusuka endaweni engezansi.
Ngakho-ke ungafaka ipayipi lokusungula esisekelweni samabhulokhi
Isibonelo sokwakhiwa komkhiqizo endlini yokhuni kusuka ku-log
Ukukhiqiza ngesisekelo sezitini
Vala ngegridi enezinto ezinhle
Ungalungisa kanjani isimo
Kuthiwani uma kunesisekelo, futhi okukhiqizwayo okukhohliwe ukukwenza noma usayizi wawo akwanele ekuvuseleleni umoya okujwayelekile - In the subfield yaqala ukukhulisa ukhunta, ukukhuphuka komswakama nezinye "izintelezi". Izindlela zokuxazulula inkinga eziningana:
- Khuphula usayizi we-usaw etholakalayo noma u-chop. Drill A Monolithic Foundation - umsebenzi onzima. Kwenze noma ngomqhele wosayizi ofanele. Uma imiqhele ingekho, ungathatha umgexo omude wobubanzi obude, ubambe izimbobo eziningi ezincane ezizungeze umngcele we-acront. Lapho-ke izikhala ezisele zimisiwe, futhi indawo engalingani ngaleso sikhathi noma igaya, noma imane ivalwe ngegridi. Enye indlela uku-oda ukumba kwedayimane. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile, izimbobo zivuthwa zithambile, ngaphandle kwemithwalo eyethusayo.
Ukushayela amadayimane esisekelweni sesakhiwo
- Uma wenza okusha noma ukunweba okudala okungapheli, akunakwenzeka noma kungenzeka noma ukufisa, ungathuthukisa ukufisa, ukuhoxisa amapayipi owodwa noma amaningi kusuka ophahleni. Ngenxa yethonsi lokucindezela kwesisulu kuzoba ngcono, umswakama uzokwehla.
- Yenza umoya omncane wokuphoqelela. Ukuze ungavuli / ukhubaze ngesandla, ungabeka i-timer noma i-thermometer ehlukile. Kuzobandakanya fan lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi komhlaba liphakeme kunasemgwaqweni (isimo sokulahleka kwe-condensate).
- Ukunciphisa inani lomswakama olungena ngaphansi komhlaba. Imvamisa, umthombo uyi-primer, ikakhulukazi ezingeni eliphakeme lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Imbozwe ngokufakwa kwe-vapor. Ifilimu elinobukhulu le-polyethylene lifanelekile (ubukhulu obuvela ku-150 mk). Kubekwe ngendlela yokuthi indwangu eyodwa ifike kwenye ngo-10-15 cm. Amahlaya ahlehliswa yi-scotch ye-bolateral (ungaphinda kabili - ekuqaleni kwe- "swelep" nasekupheleni "). Le filimu ikhuliswe ezindongeni ngo-20-30 cm, ilungisiwe kusetshenziswa ipulangwe. Ukuze kulinyazwe ngokuqhubeka kokusebenza, ungqimba lwesihlabathi uthululwa kuwo noma benza isisekelo esincane esingama-3 cm. Uma isisekelo, indawo kanye nesisekelo senziwe, inikeza umphumela omuhle - ngokuhlanganiswa ne-VentoLube, kuthathwe ophahleni. Uma kungekho ukufakwa, kuzokwakhiwa nge-condensate kwifilimu. Ngokwenza ithambeka libe ngolunye uhlangothi, umswakama ungahlanganiswa futhi ukhishwe kwisampula. Le nketho ingesibi kakhulu, kepha iyasebenza.
- Ukungena komoya omncane wesampula kubhavu (efudumele) noma izindlu ngokushisa kwesithando, kunesixazululo - faka isithando ukuze umoya ukhishwe ngaphansi phansi (ukwenza izinga le-ponder ngezansi).
I-Quind WOVERILANG isebenzisa uthango lomoya esithandweni somlilo
- Akukho sampula - akudingeki umoya omncane. Ukusebenzisa le axiom, sonke isikhala esivela emhlabathini kuya esitezi esisalungiswa silala. Izinto ezingabizi kakhulu zisetshenziswa ngokushisa okuhle okufaka izakhiwo. Imvamisa kungubumba. Ukususa kwakhe ukuthi u-hygroscopic futhi uyakwazi "ukudonsa" amanzi emhlabathini. Ngezinga eliphakeme lamanzi aphansi komhlaba, uma ungakwenzi ukuvulwa kwamanzi okusezingeni eliphakeme (ifilimu ngodonga odongeni), ungenza kube kubi kakhulu. Kukhona impahla yesibili efanelekile enezimpawu ezingcono zokufakwa kwe-thermal kanye nengilazi engenangqondo ngokuphelele - ingilazi yegwebu eligcwele noma impi yalo. Lokhu kwabonakala muva nje futhi futhi bambalwa abantu abakwaziyo. Kuleli cala, ukukhetha okuhle. Kuliqiniso, kubiza kakhulu kune-ceramzit, kepha ngezinye izikhathi ukufudumala nokuphephile (i-ceramzite kuvame ukungaphephile imvelo).
Vala isikhumba ebusika noma cha
Kunamaphuzu amabili wokubuka ukuvala izimbobo zokungena komoya ngaphansi komhlaba noma cha. Uma ubashiya bevulekile, ngeke kube khona umswakama wokuqongelela. Futhi lokhu kuhle, kepha ngokwembuyiselo kuthola ucansi olubandayo kanye nezindleko zokushisa ezandayo. Phuma - Ukufakwa phansi kwaphansi okuthuthukile ukuze umoya omncane ungathinti amazinga okushisa awo futhi awudingi ukufudumala okuqinisiwe.Uma iqandiswe ukuvala ubusika, umswakama unqwabelana emhlabathini. Umoya ofudumele omanzi ovela endlini uwela kubantu, ewa emakhazeni, nasebusika izindonga zesisekelo, umswakama, ugeleze emhlabathini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemuva kwalokho, ehlobo, kuzoshintsha kusuka lapho, kwandisa umswakama ongaphansi.
Ukuphefumula kwesisekelo ngaphandle kokucabanga (izithukuthuku)
Le nkambiso eyinkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi, iqala okuvela kudivayisi yohlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Kusuka kwisisekelo kuyadingeka ukususa amanzi ukuze kungaphumeleli esakhiweni ngenxa yokuhlanzeka kanye nokuqina kwe-vapor. Ngayo, ngendlela, ingancishiswa ngezinye izikhathi, isebenzisa i-Primer yokungena kokhonkolo okujulile ngama-polymers.
Uhlelo lokudonsa
Isigaba esilandelayo ukufakwa emanzini kwanganini kwanganini isisekelo kanye nesisekelo, ukufakwa kwabo. Ukuvimbela amanzi kungakhululwa noma kusetshenziswe. Ukufakwa - I-EPPS inconyelwe leli cala - i-polystyrererererene expression. Kuhle ngalezi zimo: Ngaphandle kwezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokufakelwa okushisayo, akulona i-hygroscopic, akuvumeli amanzi ku-ketshezi, noma esigabeni saseGaseous, akuthandi, ama-microorganisms awaboli Phindaphinda kukho.
Izimpumputhe zifakwa ezintweni ezifanayo, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokhu, inhlabathi esendaweni engezansi ingabanda.
Ukufakwa kwesidlo sasekuseni kweSonto
Emva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukugeleza komswakama okuvela emhlabathini - ukuwubopha uphawu ngezinto ezingavikeleki. Ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi okuqukethwe okunezimpawu ezifanele - kusuka kwifilimu ye-polyethylene (density ka-150 mk) kuya kuma-mempenusion ajwayelekile angemaphutha angeke aphazamise amasampula ambalwa, kepha ngaphakathi komusi ngeke aphuthe. Amaphaneli abekelwe ngaphandle komcimbi owodwa kuye okungenani okungenani ama-15 cm, ukungqongqoza kusampule nge-scotch ye-bolateral. Futhi, ifilimu elingavunyelwe manzi lisezindongeni - ngo-20-30 cm, lapho lihlelwe ngosizo lwe-plank (ama-dowels akhuphukile noma izipikili ngokuya ngesisekelo sesisekelo).
Ulwelwesi olungangeni manzi
Okulandelayo, kuhlelwa uhlelo lokungena komoya. Kuboniswa amapayipi owodwa noma ngaphezulu ophahleni (kuya ngevolumu engaphansi komhlaba), yenza izimbobo ezimbalwa ezingenayo phansi, mhlawumbe kusuka ezakhiweni ezingezona zokuhlala. Kusuka ohlangothini lwendlu kuvaliwe ngama-lattices umoya.
Inhlangano yokungena komoya ongaphansi komhlaba ngaphandle kokuhlanza
Isihloko ngesihloko: Amaphepha anezandla zakho ezivela endwangu enamaphethini: ama-mittens kanye novemvane, amakitiseli alokuqala, i-cross-stitch, umlindi osuka enhliziyweni wekhishi, igalari yezithombe, ukufundiswa kwevidiyo