Ifomu liwukuklanywa kwezihlangu, ama-struts kanye nezitobhu, ezisebenza ukunika imikhiqizo ekhonkolo ekhonkolo futhi eqinisiwe. Uma sikhuluma ngokwakha, khona-ke lolu hlelo luyadingeka lapho ugcwalisa isisekelo sanoma yiluphi uhlobo, kepha amadizayini amakhulu ayadingeka lapho kufakwa i-monolithic Foundation lapho kufakwa i-monolithic Foundation. Faka isicelo sefomu futhi lapho udala amabhande okuqinisa emasondweni ezindonga ezivela emabhuloki wokwakha. Ezakhiweni ezifanayo, ibhande eliqinisiwe livame ukudingeka ukudala isisekelo esiqinile sokuqinisa uhlelo lwephahla. Yakhiwa ngosizo lwefomu. Sidinga lo mklamo nalapho uthela amathrekhi ukhonkolo noma ukukhomba kwesimo, nezinye izinhlobo zomsebenzi.
Isuswa futhi ayisuswanga
Ngokomthetho wokusebenzisa, ifomu lefomu lingasuswa (lizenzeke) futhi lingasuswa. Njengoba kucacile egameni, okususwayo kuqonda amandla ekhonkolo athola amandla ngaphezulu kobucayi (cishe ama-50%). Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziswa kaninginingi. Ngokuya ngezinto ezibonakalayo, ikhithi efanayo ingamelana nokugcwaliswa okungu-3 kuya ku-8, izinketho zezimboni zingasetshenziswa yishumi nambili, kanti ezinye - amakhulukhulu amahlandla.
Amafomu asuswayo akhiphe ucingo ngemuva kokhonkolo amaphuzu angama-50%
Ifomu lokuhluleka liba yingxenye ye-Phambili Yesisekelo. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zaqala ukusebenzisa cishe muva nje. Zibenze zibe ngokuhamba phambili ze-polystyrere foam. Amabhulokhi wokucushwa okuhlukile akhiqizwa, axhumeke ngosizo lwama-Locks nama-Metal Stud. Kusuka emabhuloki, kusukela kumklami, ifomu elidingekayo liyaqashwa kabusha.
Ifomu lokuhluleka liba yingxenye yesisekelo - futhi liyi-insulator yesikhashana
Amafomu e-polystyrene angasuswa awanikezeli kuphela ifomu, kepha futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukufakwa kwe-Heat-Hydro, futhi kunezakhiwo ezizwakalayo ezifaka umsindo. Kukufanele kakhulu, kepha ngokushesha ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi, futhi isikhathi esichithwe kudivayisi eyisisekelo sincishiswa kakhulu.
Kunolunye uhlobo lwefomu elingasuswanga - amabhlokhi kakhonkolo ayize. Futhi banokuhlelwa okuhlukile - udonga, ama-angular, nge-radius, njll. Ziqukethe izindonga ezimbili noma ezintathu nama-jumpers ambalwa, aphethe izindonga endaweni ethile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomunye ngezikhiye, kuqiniswe ngezinduku.
Izidingo zokwakha amafomu
Njengoba uhlelo lonke lwenzelwe ukunikeza imikhiqizo ekhonkolo ekhonkolo kanye nokuqiniswa kokhonkolo, kufanele ihlale isikhathi ngokwanele futhi i-elastic ukumelana nengcindezi yesisindo sokhonkolo owuketshezi. Ngoba izinto zokwakha amafomu zilethwa izidingo ezimbi kakhulu zengxenye yamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlangu eziqoqiwe kufanele zibe khona indawo ebushelelezi futhi ebushelelezi: kwakha izindonga zesisekelo, kanye ne-hydro kanye / noma izinto zokufaka / noma ezishisayo zibe sezimiswa. Zilungise kalula ukuze ubushelelezi (okungenani) izindawo ezingaphezulu).Izinto zokwakha zokwakhiwa okukhiphekayo
Ezinhlanganweni zokwakha, kunezakhiwo zensimbi eziqoqwe kuma-stud nasezibhalweni. Ekwakhiweni kwangasese, izihlangu zefomathi zenza kusuka emabhodini, umswakama omelana ne-plywood ne-osp. Imigoqo yokhuni isetshenziswa njengezitobhu nama-spacer. Akekho noyedwa okhathazayo ukwenza umklamo wensimbi, kepha kubiza kakhulu futhi ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi esisodwa akusizi ngalutho.
Ngesikhathi sokwakha i-cottage noma indlu yezwe, amabhodi okwenziwe ngamabhodi asetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukuzalela kungasebenzisa noma yikuphi, futhi okuqinile, nokunquma. Kungcono ukuqhamuka: Isixazululo akufanele simbozwe ngohlelo lokusebenza, futhi akunakwenzeka ukufeza lokhu ngebhodi elingafakwanga.
Ngabe i-formacwork ibukeka kanjani ngokuthola isisekelo seribhoni kumongo
Ngokuphakama kwesisekelo, kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1.5, ibhodi lefomu kufanele libe nobukhulu okungenani be-40 mm. Izihlangu ziboshwe ngezigaba ezingama-60 * 40 mm noma ama-80 * 40 mm Brucks. Uma ukuphakama kwesisekelo kukhulu - kungukujula okujulile - imigoqo enjalo ngeke yanele ukugcina isisindo sikakhonkolo. Ngokuphakama kwemitha engaphezu kwemitha, udinga ukusebenzisa ibha 50 * 100 mm nokuningi. Okomhlangano, izipikili noma izikulufo zokuzishaya ziyasetshenziswa. Ubude babo bungu-3/4 obukhulu beBhodi nebha (ngosayizi ngenhla kwe-60-70 mm).
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukuhlobisa umnyango wakudala ngezandla zabo: Iwindi lengilazi elinamanzi, i-decoupage, isithombe nevidiyo)
Yenza amafomu kanye ne-plywood. Kukhona ngisho nefomu elikhethekile, iphepha elakhiwe ngamafutha anokufakwa okwenziwe. I-coating ikhuphule ukumelana ne-medium enolaka, okungukhonkolo oluwuketshezi. Le FSF Yezinto Ezibonakalayo ifakwe ilebula (kusetshenziswa i-glue ye-formaldehyde).
Ubukhulu be-plywood ukuze basebenze - 18-21 mm. Izihlangu ziqoqwa ngohlaka lwensimbi noma ngokhuni. Uhlaka lwamapulangwe lwenziwe kusuka kubha 40 * 40 mm, ama-fasteners adinga ukusebenzisa amafushane - 50-55 mm. Lapho usebenzisa i-plywood, kuzoba lula ukusebenza ngokuzidweba: izipikili zivaliwe kanzima.
Ukwakhiwa kwezihlangu zamafomu kusuka ku-plywood and osp
I-OSB isetshenziselwa le njongo kaningi, kepha le ndlela nayo yenzeka. Ubukhulu buhlukile: 18-21 mm. Ngokuhlelekile akuhlukile ezihlangu ze-plywood.
Ubukhulu balezi zinto zeshidi kukhethwe ngokuya ngobukhulu bezihlangu zefomu ezidingekayo - ukuze imfucuza incane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ebusweni obuthile obuphezulu abudingeki, ngakho-ke ungathatha izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukwakhiwa".
Yini eyenza ukuthi ifomu lesisekelo linqume ukunquma: Kuya ngamanani alezi zinto ezibonakalayo esifundeni sakho. Indlela ejwayelekile yizomnotho: Yini eshibhile, bese usebenzisa.
Ifomu le-Ribbon Foundation ngezandla zakho
I-voluminous - ifomethi ye-Belt Foundation. Uphinda ama-contours wendlu nazo zonke izindonga ezithwala ezivela ezinhlangothini ezimbili zetheyipu. Lapho sakha isakhiwo esikhulu esithe xaxa esinenombolo enkulu yokuhlukaniswa, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha amafomu wesisekelo kuzobaluleka kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi ngokunamathiselwa okujulile kwe-fundament.Ukwakheka kwezihlangu nokuxhumana kwazo
Lapho uqoqa amandla amafomu, kubalulekile ukwenza izihlangu ezihlala isikhathi eside: kuzodingeka zigcine isisindo sikakhonkolo kuze kube yilapho kuqale ukuqabula.
Ubukhulu bezihlangu zamafomu buyashintsha futhi buxhomeke ejometry yesisekelo. Ukuphakama kuphakeme kancane kunokuphakama kwesisekelo, ubude besihlangu ngasinye buzimisele ngokwabo, kepha imvamisa kunzima kusuka ku-1,2 kuya ku-3 m. Ngezakhiwo ezinde kakhulu, ukuze ubude bungu-2 m . Ubude bezonkezo zazo zonke izindlela kufanele babe banembile kuMarkup of the Foundation (Ungakhohlwa ukubheka ubukhulu besihlangu).
Ifomu lefomu leRibbon lingafakwa kanjani: Itheyiphu yetheyiphu ishonile ngobukhulu nakuDowntown
Ekwenziweni kwamafomu kusuka emabhodini, usike izingcezu eziningana zobude obufanayo, bopha ngemigoqo kanye nezinzipho noma izikulufa. Lapho usebenzisa izinzipho zibavalela kusuka ngaphakathi kwesihlangu, kugoqeke ku-ephukile. Ngokudweba kwakho, kulula ukusebenza: akudingeki baguqe, ngoba banikela ngezinto ezibucayi eziseduze ngenxa yemicu. Ziqiniswa kusuka ngaphakathi kwesihlangu (esizobhekiswa odongeni lwesisekelo).
Ibha yokuqala neyokugcina inamathiselwe kusuka emaphethelweni kude ne-15-20 cm. Phakathi kwazo, ebangeni elingu-80-100 cm, faka okwengeziwe. Ukufaka izihlangu zamafomu, bekufanele kube lula, imigoqo emibili noma emithathu (eceleni kwemiphetho naphakathi) yenza i-20-30 cm isikhathi eside. Ziloliwe futhi lapho ukufakwa kuthola amaphuzu emhlabathini.
Izihlangu ezilinganiswayo zokusika ibhodi
Izihlangu ezivela ku-plywood noma i-OSB ziqoqwa ngohlaka oluvela kubha. Lapho umhlangano, kubalulekile ukuqinisa amakhona kahle. Kulomklamo, ziyindawo ebuthaka. Ungabakhulisa usebenzisa amakona ensimbi.
Ukufaka amafomu ngezandla zakho
Uma izihlangu zenziwa ngemigoqo eminingana ephakeme, zidinga ukusethwa izintambo zokumaka ezinqunyiwe. Ubulukhuni ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye kuyadingeka ukukhombisa endizeni ebheke mpo. Ukuze ulungiswe, ungasebenzisa amaphuzu abhalwe ngophawu nama-verticals emigoqo. Lapho indiza yesihlangu ifakwe eduze kwale migoqo. Bazobe besekelwa, futhi baqondise.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukufakwa kwama-windows will kanye nemithambeka emafasiteleni epulasitiki
Izihlangu ezinamabha aguqukayo adlulile asethelwe kalula
Kusukela ezansi komsele noma umgodi kufanele (uyihlanze futhi uyifinyelele ngaphansi kweleveli), bese ubeka izivikelo ezivundlile kufanele kube yimine. Zama ukungabanaki kanzima: Kuzoba lula lapho ukuvumelanisa. Engeza elinye lamakhona ezingeni le-submetock. AmaSlots akufanele abe, isixazululo akufanele sigeleze. Njengoba usuthole i-Fit Eminyene, thatha izinga lokwakha, ufake isicelo esihlangu kanye nesando umngcele wesibili kuze kube yilapho umphetho ophezulu ufakwa ngokuvundlile. Isihlangu esilandelayo sesivele setha mayelana nokusungulwa: kumele babe sezingeni elifanayo endizeni efanayo.
Uma izihlangu zenziwa ngaphandle kwemigoqo emide, ezansi komgodi, eceleni komugqa omaka iribhoni, ibha lilungisiwe, okuzogcizelelwa. Izihlangu zinamathiselwe eduze kwazo, bese kuthi ngosizo lwe-voids kanye nama-struts kulungiswa.
Ukuqinisa - ukuqhekeka nokuma
Ukuze ngaphansi kwesisindo sokhonkolo, amafomu awawa phansi, kufanele alungiswe ngaphandle nangaphakathi.
Ngaphandle kwase kususwe. Ama-backups kumele ame okungenani ngaphandle kwemitha. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe emakhoneni: Kunezinto ezime kuzo zombili izinkomba. Uma ukuphakama kwesihlangu kungaphezu kwamamitha ama-2, khona-ke ibhande elilodwa liyeka akwanele. Kulokhu, okungenani kukhona ama-tiers amabili ama-struts: phezulu nangaphansi.
Ngaphandle, amafomu abeka izitobha nokudalulwa. Ekuphakameni okuphezulu, zenziwa ezinhlwini eziningana. Naka ukuqina kwebha yokusekelwa
Kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ibanga phakathi kwezihlangu ezimbili eziphikisanayo. Ngale njongo, ama-stileett asuka ekuqinisweni okunobubanzi obungu-8-12 mm, ama-gaskets enziwe ngensimbi namantongomane okulingana. Izikopelo zifakwe kuma-tiers amabili: phezulu nangaphansi, kude ne-15-20 cm ukusuka emaphethelweni.
Ubude bezikopelo bukhulu kune-10-15 tape tep. Kunezinketho ezimbili:
- Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokuqiniswa, intambo iyasikwa. Lapho-ke amapuleti amabili okubopha insimbi namantongomane azodingeka e-Stud ngayinye.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphinikhodi iyagoba futhi ithambekele, intambo inqunywa nge-arc. Kulokhu, i-nati iyadingeka eyodwa (amapuleti asebili).
Ibanga langaphakathi phakathi kwezihlangu elilingana nobubanzi be-tape le-tepi bulungisiwe kusetshenziswa izingxenye zamapayipi epulasitiki. Ukuvunyelwa kwabo kwangaphakathi kufanele kube ubukhulu obushesha obukhulu.
Ungawenza kanjani ama-splashes we-Space kumafomu
Umhlangano wenzeka ngalendlela elandelayo:
- Kuzo zombili izihlangu, kuvuthwa umgodi omude.
- Phakathi kwazo kusethwe ukusika ipayipi.
- UStiletto ubelokhu enza.
- Kufakiwe amapuleti ensimbi (ngeke avumele i-hairpin ukuthi iphule impahla yesihlangu).
- Amantongomane asontekile futhi aqiniswa.
Udinga ukusebenzisana, futhi okungcono - ama-threenes. Eyodwa ngaphakathi phakathi kwezihlangu ifaka amashubhu, futhi umuntu afake ukuchitheka kanye nokusonteka kwamantongomane.
Lapho ususa amafomu, okokuqala amantongomane e-spin bese ususa ama-hairpins, bese udiliza imithambeka bese uyama. Kususwa izihlangu ezikhululekile. Zingasetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe.
Ungayisebenzisa Kanjani
Izinto eziningi zishiya ukwenziwa kwefomu lefomu lesisekelo seteyiphu: izihlangu zakha lonke amateyiphu ezinhlangothini zombili. Ngokujula okukhulu, ukusetshenziswa kukhulu kakhulu. Ake sithi: Kungenzeka ugcine. Yenza ingxenye yengxenye kuphela yefomu bese ulayisha konke ngosuku olulodwa, nezingxenye. Naphezu kombono osakazekile, cishe ngeke iphazamise amandla esisekelo (uma uyazi izimfihlo), futhi ungayigcina ngokufanele. Ungabelana ngesisekelo noma ngokuvundlile, noma ngokuqondile.Gcwalisa izingqimba
Ngokujula okukhulu, kunenzuzo enkulu ukugcwalisa ngezingxenye ezivundlile (izingqimba). Isibonelo, ukujula okudingekayo 1.4 m. Ungashaya ukugcwaliswa kube yizigaba ezimbili noma ezintathu. Ngezigaba ezimbili, kuzodingeka ukwenza izihlangu ngokuphakama kwe-0.8-0.85 m, ngehora lesithathu - 50-55 cm.
Uma isisekelo sinokujula okukhulu kokukhuphuka, singathululelwa ezingxenyeni ezimbili ezintathu, sihlukanisa ngokuqondile ngamasheya alinganayo
I-oda lomsebenzi yile:
- Ifomu liyaboniswa kusuka ezihlangu ezimfushane ezenziwe, ukufakwa kwezinsimbi kufanelekile kuyo yonke ivolumu edingekayo.
- Ukhonkolo uthululwa ekuphakameni kwefomu elenziwe.
- Ngemuva kwamahora angama-7-8 ngemuva kokugcwaliswa, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthathe ungqimba oluphezulu kusuka ebusweni bonke beRibbon. Lapho uzalanisa ukhonkolo, ubisi lukasimende luyakhuphuka. Iphelele, iba buthaka futhi i-brittle. Yile nyandla futhi uzodinga ukususa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingaphezulu lizobe lingalingani futhi lube lukhuni, futhi lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukunamathela (ukunamathela) ngesendlalelo esilandelayo sikakhonkolo.
- Emazingeni okushisa ka + 20 ° C, ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva, amafomu angasuswa, ahlanze izihlangu futhi azivikele ngenhla. Ukususa izihlangu, khipha izinwele zezinwele. Amapayipi angashiywa ukhonkolo. Sebevele baba yingxenye ye-monolith. Kwesinye isikhathi bayakhishwa, futhi izimbobo zigcwele ngodaka.
- Dala amafomu ngenhla bese uthela futhi.
Isihlangu sivele sifakwe ukhonkolo "obabanjwayo" osevele uphumule, futhi uphumule onqenqemeni lomsele, kepha vele kwelinye izinga
Lapho ufaka owesibili (nokwesithathu, uma kunesidingo) izihlangu ze-tier zitholakala kancane endaweni enezikhukhula, zimboze amateyiphu ezinhlangothini. Ngasikhathi sinye, umugqa ongezansi wama-Studs uvame ukusebenza njengesivimba nokugcizelela. Ngakho-ke, lapho zifakiwe, zibekele zonke ezingeni elifanayo ukusuka emaphethelweni aphansi ezihlangu.
I-armature isivele ixhunyiwe, izikopelo zangaphakathi ziyasikwa. Ihlala kuphela ukubeka amanye amashubhu ukubuyela endaweni yezinwele zezinwele bese ukhipha izitobha zangaphandle nokudalulwa. Isikhathi sokufaka isendlalelo esilandelayo seFomu akonakali kangako.
Kungani indlela enjalo ithinta amandla esisekelo? Ngoba lapho kubalwa amandla kakhonkolo akunakwa. Uya "stock." Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthwalo ezisekelweni zeRibbon usatshalaliswa ngasohlangothini olude. Futhi ngobude asinazo amakhefu. Ngakho-ke isisekelo sizomela isikhathi eside.
Ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile
Indlela yesibili ukwephulwa kohlelo oluqondile. Isisekelo singahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili noma ezintathu. Nguwe kuphela odinga ukuwabelana ngokuqondile "eceleni komugqa", kepha asabalalisa amalunga isikhashana.
Esakhiweni esikhethiwe ukufakwa, ufaka ifomu elisebenzisa "ama-plugs" kulezo zindawo lapho ingxenye efakiwe iphela khona. Ngaphakathi kwengxenye efakiwe ebopha uhlaka lokuqiniswa. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinduku zokuqiniswa okude kufanele ngabe zidlulele ngalé kwefomu okungenani amafomu angama-50 wokuqiniswa okusetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, induku isetshenziswa 12 mm. Lapho-ke ukukhishwa okuncane okungaphezulu kwefomu kuzoba ngu-12 mm * 50 = 600 mm. Induku elandelayo iboshelwe kulolu daba, futhi ingenye ngokulandelana izongena kule minyaka engama-60 cm.
Imininingwane eyodwa ebalulekile: Ukuphula uhlelo lwendlu ezingxenyeni ezithile, kwenze kube ukuze "izingcezu" zigcwaliswe ngalesi sikhathi emazingeni ahlukene (bheka esithombeni).
Indlela yesibili ukuhlukanisa uhlelo ukuthola amasayithi athile (esithombeni kumakwe yimibala ehlukene)
Thela isigaba esiqoqiwe ngokhonkolo. Njengasendleleni edlule, ngemuva kwamahora angu-7 * 8 Kuzodingeka ukukhuphuka ikhambi, kepha vele ezindaweni ezithe mpo. Sithatha isando futhi sisuse ipulaki eseceleni, sithole isixazululo sesihlabathi sesimende ku-Runcy (eduze kwefomu kungenzeka kube yisendlalelo sesisombululo ngaphandle kwesiphetho). Ngenxa yalokhu, ingaphezulu lizoba shrumbat, elilungele i-clutch nengxenye elandelayo yesisombululo.
Lezi zindlela zingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ekwakhiweni kwangasese: Zenziwa ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zeMonolithic Hortiy izindlu, futhi kukhona abasebenzi ezindongeni zokhonkolo futhi isisekelo asikwazi.
Kukhona elinye iqhinga. Wonke umuntu uthi amabhodi noma i-phheari angasetshenziswa emsebenzini osizayo. Ngokuzijwayeza, kuvela okuhlukile: akunakwenzeka ukusika usimende osimende ngokhuni noma nge-phaneru. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iba ngcolile futhi ilukhuni, futhi akunakwenzeka futhi ukuhlanza nokuphola: akukho okusanhlamvu "akuthathi." Ngakho-ke, ukuze izinkuni (kanye ne-plywood, uma kungenjalo ukuhlukaniswa) kuhlala kufanelekile, ingaphambili lezihlangu ziqiniswe kahle. Ihlelwe nge-stapler yokwakha kanye namabakaki. Uma kulimele, okunye esikhundleni kuthatha isikhathi esincane. Ifomu elithuthukile ngale ndlela linikeza indawo ecishe ibe lula kakhulu yesisekelo, esenza umsebenzi olandelayo nge-hydro kanye nokuvikelwa kokushisa.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Imingcele yophahla lwe-aluminium ophahleni