I-Monolithic Ribbon Foundation ingumklamo waphakade wokuqiniswa kwensimbi kanye netheyithi ekhonkolo. Itholakala eduze komngcele wesakhiwo nangaphansi kwazo zonke izinqola nezakhi. Lapho ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe, ukwakheka kuba yinombolo eyodwa - i-monolith - futhi kunokwethenjwa okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nezimpawu ezinamandla. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyathandwa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu eziningi ezinezitezi eziningi namakamelo azimele.
I-Monolithic Belt Foundation kungakuhle ukufaka isicelo esinezinga eliphansi lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba: lapho zitholakala ngaphansi kokujula kwesisekelo esidingekayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuhlela ama-drainage, futhi lezi zimali ezengeziwe (neziningi).
Kubukeka njenge-monolithic ribbon Foundation
Idivaysi nezinhlobo
Ekujuleni kokuvela, izisekelo zeteyipu zincane futhi ziseduzane indlu yokuphumula. I-BREWGED EMBUTHINI ISEBENZISA ENTSWINI EZOBUCHWEPHESHE enenhlabathi enhle enekhono elihle lokuphamba ukwakha isisindo esincane - kusuka ngokhuni futhi kwakhiwa ngobuchwepheshe bezinhlaka.
Kulokhu, itheyipu kufanele ibe ngu-10-15 cm kungqimba eliqinile, elitholakala ngaphansi kwalonde. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuya ngamazinga, akunakuba ngaphansi kwama-60 cm.
Izinhlobo zezisekelo zebhande ekujuleni kwe-blowjob
Izisekelo ze-Monolithic Ribbon ze-Deep Dowtit zenziwa ngaphansi kwezindlu ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile, bashiya abangu-10-15 cm ngaphansi kwezinga lama-primeros enhlabathi esifundeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuphela kufanele kususelwe engxenyeni enomthamo omuhle wokuthwala. Uma lokhu kungenjalo, kufanele wehle ngezansi. Isibonelo, uma izinga lama-primeros omhlabathi lingu-1,2 m, futhi ungqimba oluvundile luphela ngo-1.4 m umaki, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwehla ngaphansi kuka-1.4 m.
Ngefomu noma ngaphandle
Ngokuvamile, ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwe-monolithic Belt Foundation lihlinzeka ngokufakwa kwefomu. Lezi yizinhlaka ezivela ezihlangu ezinikeza ukwakheka kokhonkolo futhi akukunikeli ukusakazeka. Kuyacaca ukuthi ifomu lezokwakha liyizindleko ezingezekile zezinto zokwakha, kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe emhlanganweni wayo nokufakwa.
Amafomu - Ukuklanywa kwamabhodi noma i-plywood, enikeza isisekelo
Kwesinye isikhathi ngenhloso yokusindisa, emhlabathini omuhle, isisekelo senziwa ngqo kwi-markuup - ebudweni obufunayo kanye nokujula. Futhi la mapeni athululelwa ukhonkolo ngaphandle kwefomu. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo ngeke buqinisekise ngezinga elidingekayo lokwethenjwa, umphumela awunakwenzeka ukubikezela. Iqiniso ngukuthi kusethi yenkomba yamandla ejwayelekile, inani elithile lamanzi liyadingeka. Ngaphandle kwamafomu, amanzi yize kuncane, kepha amunca emhlabathini, angathinta ikhwalithi yetshe lakhonkolo. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, angakhubazeka.
Kusuka esimweni phuma, usakaze emgodini we-polyethylene. Kepha kuwo, bese uya - ukuqiniswa kufanele kwenziwe. Nezinduku, namabhuzu akulimazi ifilimu. Ngenxa yalokho, umswakama usaphuma.
Isisekelo ngaphandle kwamafomethi - umsebenzi wobungozi
Kwezinye izimo, izisekelo ezinjalo zingavikela inani leminyaka ethile ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kepha kungekudala, imifantu noma ukhonkolo kuvela kuqala ukudilizwa. Ubunzima besibili bokusebenza nesisekelo esinjalo akuyona i-geometry ephelele. Ukuze sinciphise ukulahleka kokushisa, isisekelo sifakelwe, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amapuleti e-foam noma i-polystyrerererenere. Zama ukunamathela endaweni engalingani. Isimo esifanayo nesithintelo se-vapor: ifilimu linzima kakhulu (cishe akunakwenzeka) ukunamathela kukhonkolo ongalingani, we-porous nge-spreses yenhlabathi. Ilungiselelwe noma cha indlela enjalo ukuxazulula, kepha kungenzeka ukuncoma isisekelo esinjalo kuphela ngaphansi kocingo noma i-shed.
Isihloko ngesihloko: I-Sofa - Izithombe eziyi-100 zezinketho ezinhle kakhulu zangaphakathi
Isisekelo endlini enesisekelo seteyipu
Isitezi esingaphansi komhlaba singaba yindawo efanayo nendlu, futhi ingathatha ingxenye yendawo kuphela. Futhi kuyadingeka ukuthola ubukhulu bawo kuze kube umklamo.
Uma isitezi esingaphansi sithatha ingxenye ethile yesikhala kuphela, ngeke kwenzeke ukususa yonke inhlabathi, futhi igaye imisele kuphela ngaphansi kwetheyipu. Kopisha elingaphansi futhi ngemithetho ethile. Indawo yokuhlala kwayo kanye nokuhlelwa kungakhiwa nasegandeni lokuklama.
I-Ribbon Monolithic Foundation nge-Basement - Umsebenzi oyinselele (ukwandisa amasayizi wesithombe Chofoza kwinkinobho yegundane)
Uma kunqunywe ukuthi enze isisekelo ngemuva kwesikhathi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe indawo futhi unqume ukujula ukuze lapho uphethe imigqa kusukela esisekelweni sendlu nge-45 °, azange adlule esithombeni ngakwesokudla).
Uma isitezi esingaphansi sitholakala ngaphansi kwayo yonke indawo yendlu, khona-ke inhlabathi isuswa konke ekujuleni okufiselekayo. Ngokuvamile, iphrojekthi enjalo ayiyintsha, ngeke ushayele: Umsebenzi kanye nezindleko okuningi. Okokuqala, ukuqiniswa kodonga okuqinisiwe nobukhulu babo obukhulu kuyadingeka. Njengoba ngaphakathi emhlabathini ngeke kube khona, khona-ke izindonga zesitezi esingaphansi zizodinga ukumelana nengcindezi yenhlabathi kusuka ngaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu beteyipu buzoba ngaphezulu futhi ukuqiniswa kuyadingeka okunamandla ngokwengeziwe, kugcizelwe ngesinyathelo esincane, inani lamabhande okuqinisa lizokwanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuphela isisekelo, ukusetshenziswa kokuqiniswa kuzokwanda. Okwesibili, kuzodingeka ukuthi kukholwe ku-concreting futhi, mhlawumbe, ukuqiniswa kwesitezi esingaphansi komhlaba endaweni yonke. Futhi lokhu kuphinde kube yizinto zokwakha - ukhonkolo kanye nokufakwa. Okwesithathu, kuzothatha umoya kahle ukuze kususwe amagesi angaphansi komhlaba. Isakhiwo esinjalo asisakwazi ukuklama. Umsebenzi kufanele usebenze, futhi ngolwazi olunzulu.
Enye yezinketho zesisekelo sendlu enesisekelo esingaphansi (ukusondeza ngosayizi wesithombe, chofoza kuyo ngenkinobho yegundane)
I-Monolithic Ribbon Foundation: Izigaba zokwakha
Noma ngabe indlu yokwakha indlu noma i-brigade, unjiniyela ukwazi ubuchwepheshe kuyadingeka: kuphela ukuze ukwazi ukulawula inqubo futhi uqiniseke ngekhwalithi yomsebenzi.Ngokuvamile, ubuchwepheshe bunje:
- Ukumaka isiza.
- Umsebenzi womhlaba.
- Isisekelo Seal, Ukuphumula Okuyisisekelo kanye nokumatasa.
- Ukumaka itheyiphu.
- Ukuvimbela amanzi.
- Umhlangano kanye nokufakwa kwefomu.
- Ukufakwa kwe-band.
- Ukuthulula ukhonkolo kanye nokudlidliza kwawo.
- Ukwelapha.
Enye incazelo iyadingeka. Ukumaka kabili - uzungu kanye nezimbambo - kuyadingeka uma indlu izoba nesisekelo esingaphansi kwale ndawo yendlu. Okokuqala lapho ubeka indawo yendlu, unaka ukuvumela amafomu. Ayikho indlela yokwenza ngaphandle kwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokuba umgodi wembewu futhi phansi ucwile futhi ucindezelwe, kuzodingeka ukuthi uthumele iribhoni. Kula mamaki, amamaki azofakwa, azokwakha "iphrofayili" yekhaya lakho.
Manje kancane ngesigaba ngasinye.
Indawo yokumaka
Kusukela ekuklameni inhlabathi kuphenywe esizeni esithile, kuyadingeka ukuqina. Isakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba sivame ukuthi i-heterogeneous futhi i-offset ngesigamu semitha ingahle ibe nzima: kungazelelwe kunamabanga noma umgodi. Ngokunemba kwesentimitha, akunakubekwa kahle, kepha kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ingabi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke ungenza uMarkup ngaphansi kwesisekelo esizeni
Umsebenzi womhlaba
Amanani awo futhi amasu asetshenzisiwe ancike ekutheni uzoba nalo noma ngaphandle kokungaphansi. Uma ngaphandle, khona-ke ufake itheyipu - kuzodingeka ukususa umhlabathi. Kuphela nge-reserve ekufakweni kwefomu - futhi lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kungu-50 * 80 cm ohlangothini ngalunye. Okwezihlangu udinga ama-struts ngeke avunyelwe ukuba ahlukane.
Uma indlu enesisekelo ukususa yonke inhlabathi. Ubukhulu bomgodi - 2-5 m ngaphezulu kosayizi besisekelo. Lesi yisitoko esifanayo ngaphansi kwama-struts wokwenza amafomu.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Indlu yangasese engenacala - kusuka ekukhetheni kuya kokufaka
Uma indlu enesisekelo - i-boiler itholakala ngenkulu
Ngemisindo emikhulu kungcono ukusebenzisa inqubo ekhethekile. Ukuqashwa okuningi kubaluleke kakhulu, kepha umsebenzi we-brigade "we-digger" ngeke ube eshibhile izinsuku eziningana. Isivinini asihlukanisiwe.
Ungqimba oluvundile olungaphezulu lubekwe ngokuhlukile, lungasatshalaliswa ngokushesha engadini. Yonke inhlabathi ilahlwe esixukwini: ngokwengxenye, izobuyela emhlane wokuqabuleka, izoyikhipha ngokwengxenye.
Ekhaya ngaphandle kokuvama ukumba okuncane
I-DNA Seal Care and Bench
Ngemuva kokuthi inqwaba enkulu yenhlabathi yasuswa, phansi kufanele kuqondaniswe futhi kucace. Lapho umgede esebenza, kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi amanye amasayithi anama-20-30 cm ukujula okukhulu kunokudingekile. Zonke lezi zinto ezingekho emthethweni zidinga ukulungiswa: lala futhi lihlangane.
I-Tambrush kanye nokuqondanisa kuyadingeka kuyo yonke indawo yomgodi noma imisele. Hhayi ngosizo lwedesika. Ingasetshenziswa uma wakhe uthango. Ngisho nasekwakhiweni kokugeza noma ikotishi kungcono ukusebenzisa amapuleti adlidlizayo.
Sizoqonda ukuthi kungani. Leli zinga lilandela wonke umthwalo wesakhiwo. Ngisho nokungasebenzi okuncane nokungahambi kahle kungadala ukushwabana okungalingani nokuqhekeka. Futhi phansi ngemuva kokumbiwa komhlaba akulingani. Futhi kungenzeka ukuqeda usebenzisa ukubhekwa. Kungcono kakhulu uma uthele ungqimba lwesihlabathi ngokusanhlamvu okuphakathi noma okuncane kuya phansi. Kuqondaniswe kangcono ngenxa kasayizi omncane. Kepha ama-tampeing amahle kakhulu futhi asheshayo, kudinga ukunyiselwa phansi (uthele amanzi ukuze uphuthume yonke ivolumu yalo). I-vibroplite yakha umzamo obeka isihlabathi ngo-15-20 cm. Kuyinto ebaluleke kangaka edinga ukuthunjwa ngasikhathi. Uma kuphrojekthi, ungqimba lwesihlabathi lungama-30 cm, kusho ukuthi okokuqala kudingeka uthele ama-15 cm, uchithe futhi unciphise kubuningi obuphezulu. Bese uthele okwesibili bese ulithulula futhi unciphise.
Kunemishini emincane emincane yokubopha inhlabathi ethambekele emseleni
Imvamisa, iphrojekthi idinga ukudalwa kwe-sand-gravel suckings. Bese kuthi phezulu kwesihlabathi esihlanganisiwe, kufakwe enye ingxenye yengxenye ye-Rubble 30-60 mm. Futhi naye uyaphonswa. Ubukhulu balesi singqimba se-subfolder lingu-10-15 cm. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthela ezingxenyeni ezincane ezingaba ngu-5 cm futhi ngamunye aphazamisayo.
Kulokhu, inhlabathi ayigcini nje ngokulinganisa, iba mkhulu ngokwengeziwe: imfucumfucu iqhutshwa ohlotsheni olungezansi, yandisa amandla alo. Njengoba isitofu sishaya i-pebble ngamandla amaningi, khona-ke uphawu lwenzeka ekujuleni kwama-40-50 cm. Futhi lokhu kuhle kakhulu.
Amafomethi weMonolithic Belt Foundation
Amafomu enza ubukhulu okungenani bama-40 mm obukhulu, ebanga eliphansi noma i-osp. I-Plywood ayibizi, ikhethekile - ifomu. Inesisindo ohlangothini olulodwa - kunefilimu evikelayo. Ngoba ukusetshenziswa kungasetshenziswa kaningi.
Izihlangu ezenziwe ngezinto ezinamaqabunga ziqiniswa yimigoqo ye-transverse futhi ende. Kusukela emabhodini ahlanganiswe ngokuwela. Izihlangu eziqoqiwe ekubhakeni kwe-Ribbon zisethiwe, zilungiswe ngohlangothi lwangaphandle lwama-shake, futhi ngaphakathi kwama-struts afakiwe. Onke lawa ma-fasteners kumele anikeze amafomu ngokwesilinganiso esibekiwe. Ngeke zinikeze izihlangu ukuba zihlukane noma zibheke phezulu kokhonkolo: isisindo sizofaka okucatshangwayo odongeni, ngoba ama-fasteners kufanele athembeke.
Amafomu - Isici Esingavikeleki Sesisekelo Esiphezulu
Ukuqinisa
Ngenxa yezimpawu zesakhiwo - ubude obukhulu nobubanzi obuncane - esisekelweni seRibbon kuthinteka kakhulu amabutho azama ukuphula iribhoni. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ngasohlangothini olude. Isebenzisa ukuqiniswa okunamandla okunamandla okuvela ku-10 mm ububanzi nokuningi. Zonke izithuthi eziguqukayo zizinza kuphela izinduku ezinde esikhaleni, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi uzithathe bushelelezi futhi usebenzise ubukhulu obuncane - 6-8 mm.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Sekukonke futhi ukuhlobisa komnyango wokungena kwenze ngokwakho
Isikimu sokuqinisa iRibbon Foundation
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi, kungakhathalekile ukujula kokuvela, kunamabhande amabili aqinisile: phezulu nangaphansi kwetheyipu. Ukukhishwa kwedivaysi eyisisekelo ngesisekelo esingaphansi kwendlu yonke.
Isikimu sokuqiniswa kweRibbon Monolithic Foundation kukhonjiswa esithombeni. Ngephuzu ngalinye lokuxhuma, ukuqiniswa kuhlotshaniswa nocingo olukhethekile. Kwenze mathupha ukusebenzisa izingwegwe noma amadivayisi azenzakalelayo - izibhamu zokugoba.
Kunenye indlela: i-welding. Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo akuhlali zilungile. Umsebenzi ushesha, kepha ukuxhumana kutholakala kunzima. Lapho ubona ucingo, ukuqiniswa kuhlala kunenkululeko ethile. Futhi kusiza ukunxephezela ukulungisa okuthile ngaphandle kokubhujiswa kokhonkolo. Lapho u-welding uxhumano lukhuni, okungekuhle ngakolunye uhlangothi, kodwa ngomunye umklamo oqinile kakhulu ongadala imifantu.
Futhi ukuqinisa njalo kubukeka bukhoma
Elinye iphuzu: Indawo yokufudumala ihlala iqala ukuwa kuqala. Yize ukuqiniswa kubukhulu ngokhonkolo, ngakho-ke akunakukhulisa (umoya-mpilo akunawo), kodwa nganoma yikuphi ukwephulwa nokudla komoya-mpilo, amalunga okuqala awohlokayo abhujiswa.
Kulesi sigaba, ukubekwa kwemikhiqizo yomoya omncane kanye namabhokisi kwenzeka ngokuthi yizodwa ukuxhumana kwezobunjiniyela ezizonikezwa indlu. Uma ukhohlwa ngalokhu, kuzofanele ubhubhise i-monolith futhi ungathandeki kakhulu: imichilo embalwa, okunamandla kuzoba ukwakheka.
Ukugcwaliswa kweBelt Foundation
Lapho kwakhiwa indlu enkulu noma encane encane kulula futhi kungcono ukulethwa kokulethwa kokhonkolo ophelile kusayithi ku-mixer. Lapho-ke ukugcwaliswa kungenziwa ngosuku olulodwa.
Ungenza ukhonkolo ngokwakho. Kepha lokhu kuzodinga ukuxuba kokhonkolo. Ngesandla, izingxenye ezishukumisayo emikhombeni ukuze uqinisekise izinga elifanelekile le-homogeneity alinakwenzeka.
Ukugcwalisa isisekelo esikhulu kube lula uku-oda isixazululo esifanele
Okokuthela ngesandla, uzodinga okungenani abantu abathathu: Omunye uthumela ukhonkolo ku-concrete mixer, okulandelayo kusabalalisa ingxenye eseqediwe, kanti okwesithathu kuyavedliza isiza esinezikhukhula.
Ukudlidliza ngokhonkolo kukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ama-vibrators encwajana noma aphathekayo. Le nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi ususe konke ama-sereres, usabalalise ngokulinganayo agregate. Ngenxa yalokhu, izici zamandla zikakhonkolo zithuthuka kakhulu, zithola ukumelana nesithwathwa ngenxa yokuthi amanzi amunca kancane. Ngakho-ke, ungashoni lesi sigaba: Ngezakhi ezifanayo kwikhambi, sithola ukhonkolo ophakeme ophakeme.
Ngakho-ke lokho kukhonkolo kube homogeneouseous futhi kutholwe ngokwengeziwe ngokwengeziwe, kuwuphathe nge-vibrator
Elinye iphuzu: Lapho uthele kusuka emotweni udinga ukusebenzisa izikhwama ezikhethekile. Okokuqala, kulula ukuletha ukhonkolo endaweni oyifunayo, kanti okwesibili, isixazululo akufanele siwe ngokuphakama okuphezulu. Uma ukuphakama kokuwa kwedlula ama-150 cm, kuhlukaniswe. Umphumela - Imiphumela ephansi.
-Nokupheka
Uma umsebenzi wenziwa esimweni sezulu esishisayo esomile, itheyipu kumele imbozwe ngefilimu ye-polyethylene noma enye into evimbela ukuhwamuka ngokushesha komswakama. Njengoba ukujula kokhonkolo kukhulu, kufakwa ingaphezulu lemiphumela ebonakalayo ngeke linikeze. Into esemqoka ukunganikezeli okomisa phezulu nefilimu ngale khompyutha efanelekile.
Uma izinga lokushisa libanjwa phakathi nangemva kokugcwaliswa kwendawo ka-20 ° C, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu emva kokugcwaliswa, ukhonkolo uzothatha inqaba engaba ngu-50%. Futhi ngosuku lwesine, amafomu angasuswa futhi aqhubeke nokwenza umsebenzi owengeziwe.
Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, kuyadingeka ukulinda okwengeziwe: At + 10 ° C sekuvele kungu-10-16 izinsuku, futhi ku-5 ° C, inqubo yokudangala icishe yanqanyulwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuyadingeka noma ukufaka ifomu, noma ukufudumeza ukhonkolo.
I-Monolithic Belt Foundation isilungile, kepha isasebenza ekufakweni kwayo kanye nokungena kwamanzi. Kuphela ngemuva kwalokho kulala (i-backflow).