Enye yezinkinga eziphambili zanoma yimuphi umhlaba uwukuphela komswakama enhlabathini. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinqubo ezingezinhle ezinjengezikhukhula zamanzi esakhiweni, izikhukhula zaphansi, ukufiphala kwenhlabathi, i-rotor yezimpande zezihlahla nezihlahla, ukubhujiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwesisekelo sezakhiwo. Ungabhekana nokungabizi komswakama, ukuba nama-drainage ahlomele esizeni ngezandla zakho. Kuyo yonke imithetho, amazinga ohlelweni wokudonsa amanzi amaningi ezinkinga ezihambisana nokuphindwaphindwa komswakama wenhlabathi.
I-Drainage nesicelo
Uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi lungadalwa kunoma yiliphi icebo. Siqukethe izindawo ezitholakala endaweni yepayipi noma iziteshi, izinkolelo kanye nezinto zokuvikela uhlelo. Uhlelo olunjalo lokuqoqa umswakama olungenakufakwa ngaphakathi luhloselwe, kanye nokuholwa kwalo endaweni ethile noma ngaphezulu kwesiza.Idivaysi ye-drainage kwisakhiwo iyadingeka kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- I-pluging site. Amanzi afika ebusweni bomhlabathi awanaso isikhathi sokutholwa emhlabathini, okuholele ezimpangeni, futhi inhlabathi ngokwayo ilahlekelwa yisakhiwo sayo se-pour. Ikakhulukazi elungele inhlabathi yobumba;
- Uma kwenzeka kubanzi noma izikhukhula egumbini elingaphansi lendlu noma elingaphansi;
- Uma isisekelo nezindonga zesakhiwo zaqala ukumbozwa ngemifantu evela ekudluliseni kwenhlabathi;
- Uma iwindi noma iminyango isontekile;
- Ukugeza inhlabathi kusuka ngaphansi kwezindlela, amasayithi abunjiwe;
- Uma isiza sitholakala egqumeni noma ephansi.
Ithiphu: Ukudala uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi kuyinto efiseleka kakhulu uma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba esizeni sakho ekujuleni kwe-1.5 m noma ngaphansi.
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi
Ngokuya ngedizayini kanye nezinga lokuvinjwa kwezinto zohlelo, izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo zokudonsa ezihlukile:
munye. Ukudonsa komhlaba . Ibonakala yindawo esendaweni yenethiwekhi yeziteshi, isuse umswakama owela ngendlela yezulu. Ukudonswa komhlaba kwendawo kungenziwa ngezinguqulo ezimbili:
- Lalitha na- . Le yinethiwekhi yemisetha yokudonsa efakwe emikhondweni emcameni wamatshe. Yonke imisele ine-bias ebhekise kumqoqi wamanzi cishe ama-3 degrees. Eziteshini, amanzi ahlangana emithonjeni noma athunyelwe ngaphesheya kwemingcele yendawo. Yonke imisele imbozwe ngama-lattices ukuze abavikeleke kudoti;
Ku-Photo Surface Linear drainage kusuka Trawch Trayis
- Ugampokwe . Lokhu kutholwa kwamanzi, okuhlanganisa amanzi aqonde ngqo kusuka epayipi lokukhipha. Abafuna imvula enjalo kungenzeka babe ngandlela thile. Zonke zixhumeke ngohlelo lwamapayipi aqonde mpo nasevundlile nge-Storm Sense.
I-Point Dransage ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa ne-linear
2. Ukudedelwa kokujula . Isakhiwo esinjalo siwuhlelo lwamapayipi ahlanjululwe abekelwe ukujula okuthile, ngaphansi kwezinga lenhlabathi. Ukudonsa okujulile esizeni, kwenziwa ngezandla zabo, ukubhekana ngokuphelele nokudonsa ezinhlabathini zobumba, kanye nasebukhoneni bamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukuthi i-drainage ejulile yesakhiwo eyenziwa ngesithombe sabo sibonisa ukubukwa
Ukulungiselela kohlelo lokutshala amadeshi
Lapho umdwebo we-drainage wesayithi ulungiselelwe, kufanele kubhekwe ama-nuances amaningana, ngoba ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokudonsa kuncike kuphrojekthi.Qaphela Ukunaka amaphuzu:
- Ukukhiya uhlelo lokudonsa kuhlale kugcwaliseka, ngemuva kokuphela kwemisebenzi yokwakha emikhulu. Imishini yokwakha etholakala esizeni ingalimaza izakhi zomshini wokudonsa komhlaba;
- Iphrojekthi kumele ikhonjiswe yibo bonke abanye ukuxhumana ukuze bayivumelanise nohlelo lokudonsa amanzi;
- Kuyadingeka ukwazi izinga lokuvela esigabeni sakho samanzi aphansi komhlaba;
- Hlola ukwakheka nokwakheka kwenhlabathi esizeni ngokujula okuhlukile;
- Le phrojekthi kufanele ibheke ukuthi ubukhona bezakhiwo bukhungathekile ezweni. Kungahle kube phansi komhlaba, esela, egumbini elingaphansi, kahle;
- Cabanga ngezinsizakalo zendawo;
- I-drainage yesakhiwo sensimu kufanele yenziwe nendawo yezihlahla nezihlahla;
- Cabanga ngenombolo yokudonswa kwe-sediments ekwehliseni maqondana nendawo yakho.
Yini ezodingeka ukuze uvule futhi ivaliwe drainage
Ukudonsa okufanele endaweni yezwe ngezandla zazo kusho ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinto zokwakha. Izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi zizodinga izakhi ezahlukahlukene.
1. Ukwakha ukudonsa komhlaba kungadingeka (kuya ngohlobo):
- abafuna imvula;
- I-Polymer ukhonkolo / i-polymerpess noma amathoyithi epulasitiki lapho amanzi azophonsa endaweni eyabelwe;
- amaSandwoke abasebenza ukuvikela udoti ohlukile ekungeneni uhlelo;
- ama-lattices enziwe ngensimbi noma ngeplastiki, ezombozwa amathreyi e-drainage;
- Isihlabathi, lapho umcamelo ongaphansi kwezithumbi kanye nosimende uzokwenziwa ukuze uzilungise.
Ama-Drainage Trives avela ezintweni ezahlukahlukene nemvula
2. Ohlelweni olujulile, uzodinga ukuthenga:
- Amapayipi akhungathekile, lapho kuzobuthwa khona amanzi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-polymeric. Uma bengenazo izimbobo, bazovuthwa bodwa. Ububanzi bamapayipi akufanele bube ngaphansi kwe-10 cm;
- I-Geotextile, ezosebenza njengento yokuhlunga;
- ukufakwa kanye nokuqoqwa kwamapayipi okuxhuma ohlelweni olulodwa;
- Ukubuka imithombo, ngenxa yokuthi kuzokwenzeka lapho uhlola uhlelo futhi uhlanze;
- Imithombo ye-Collector lapho amanzi anikezwe khona azoqongelela khona;
- Iphampu lapho ukumpompowa kwamanzi emithonjeni yamanzi kuzokhishwa uma kuhlelwa ukuthi kwakhiwe;
- isihlabathi sokuhlelwa kwesendlalelo esingaphansi;
- Itshe elichotshoziwe lokulahla kanye nokuhlunga kwangaphambili kwamanzi.
I-tube ye-drainage ehlanganisiwe enesihlungi esivela ku-geotextile
QAPHELA: Uma une-crusher esishokongo, kwamukelekile impela ukusebenzisa amatshe amatshe. Isimo esiyisisekelo - amatshe alo ahlukene akufanele abe ngaphezu kwe-4 cm ububanzi.
Ukukhiqizwa kohlelo lokudonsa komhlaba
Ngaphambi kokwenza ukudonsa kwesiza kube ngezandla zabo, kuyadingeka ukwenza uhlelo lokubekwa kwazo zonke iziteshi zokudonsa amanzi. Kukhonjiswa indawo yeziteshi eziphambili (eziphambili), eziya kumqoqi kahle noma amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufakwa iziteshi ezingeziwe, zisusa amanzi ezindaweni ngazinye lapho ziqongelela khona. Iziteshi ezingeziwe zinezimbali ezibhekise eziteshini eziphambili, zixhuma nabo.Okulandelayo udinga ukukhetha Uhlobo lokudonsa okulayini - ukuwa (okusetshenzisiwe akuvamile) noma ugqoko . Umsebenzi wokulungiselela okufanayo:
- Ngokuqinile ngokwe-DIAGRAM, imisele iyamba. Ukujula kwabo ngu-50-70 cm, futhi ububanzi kufanele bube cishe ama-40-50 cm. Naka ukuthambekela kwezindonga zemisele. Kumele bagawulwe e-angle cishe ama-degree angama-25. Okungukuthi, phezulu babanzi;
- Phansi kwama-tranches adabukile.
Ithiphu: Iziteshi eziphambili zikhiqizwa zibanzi, ngoba zizodlula ukugeleza kwamanzi okuqoqwe kusuka eziteshini ezingeziwe.
Ukudonsa amanzi
- Emkhondweni, ungqimba lwama-geootellilles lubhangqiwe, ngemuva kwalokho imisele alale ngemfucumfucu. Ungqimba olungaphansi lwemfucumfucuble kumele ube nezingxenyana ezinkulu. I-Geotextile imbi kakhulu ukuze izinhlayiya zenhlabathi azingeni esigodini samatshe esichotshoziwe;
- Ngaphezulu kokubuyiselwa emuva, umhlaba uyathululelwa noma i-turf iboshwe.
Uhlelo lwedivaysi yokuwa komhlaba
Isitimela drainage
- Futhi ukumba imisele, kepha ukujula okuncane;
- Ngezansi kwemisele, isihlabathi simbozwe ngongqimba ka-10 cm;
- Uma ufisa, ngaphezulu kwesihlabathi kungathela imfucumfucu;
- Phansi nasezindongeni ze-trench, kuthululelwa udaka kasimende;
- Kufakwa amathreyi nezihlabathi;
- Amathileyi ambozwe ngaphezulu kwama-latices avikelayo.
Ukufakwa kwama-drainage ajulile
Uhlelo olunjalo lwenziwa ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile, njengoba ukulungiswa kwanoma yikuphi ukushiyeka kuzoba yinkinga. Ukudonsa okujulile kwesakhiwo kubhekwa njengonzima ukubala nokusebenza okusebenzayo kwabasebenzi.
Umsebenzi wenziwa ngokulandelana okunjalo:
- Uhlelo lokubeka imigwaqo emikhulu yokudonsa amanzi;
- Ama-50 cm akhula imisele kanye nokujula kwama-80-100 cm
- Ukungaphansi kwemigodi kumbozwe ngesihlabathi (cishe 10 cm), okungukunqamula;
- I-geotextile ibhalwe ngaphezulu kwesihlabathi esibalwa kangaka ukuze iziphetho zalo zikhuphuke ngaphezu kwezinga lenhlabathi;
- Ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo se-geotextile imbozwe ngemfucumfucu. Ubukhulu obugqinsi - cishe abangama-20 cm;
- Amapayipi ahlanganisiwe ahlanganiswe ngetshe elichotshoziwe;
- Amapayipi amapayipi axhunyiwe komunye nomunye;
- Kulungiswa kahle kahle. Ifakwe endaweni ephansi yesayithi;
- Amapayipi aboniswa endaweni ehlekisayo, lapho amanzi azopompa khona noma ahlanganise ezingeni eliphansi;
- Amashubhu athengiwe ambozwe ngemfucumfucu ngaphezulu. Akufanele ifinyelele ezingeni lomhlabathi;
- Ukusonga kwe-geotextille, ngomphumela wokuthi ipayipi netshe elichotshoziwe, eliseduze kwalo, liku "cocoon";
- Ukusuka phezulu, yonke imiklamo imbozwe inhlabathi.
Isikimu sokufaka ipayipi
Uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi luzoguqula isayithi lakho, liyisuse kusuka kumswakama owedlulele, buyisela isimo semvelo senhlabathi.
Icebo
Ungayenza kanjani i-drainage ehlelweni ngezandla zakho, bheka ividiyo. Ibhekana nenketho yokudonsa okungavulekile, kanye nokujula.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukufaka ama-eaves amakhethini ngezandla zakho