Izikhukhula zendawo enenhlabathi namanzi athambisayo kungaba yinhlekelele yangempela kumnikazi wayo. Ama-sediments nawo akwazi ukufaka isandla ekuphulweni kwesakhiwo senhlabathi. Kubi kakhulu ngabanikazi bomhlaba, okubandakanya ubumba noma i-soam, ngoba ubumba lubopha kakhulu amanzi, nobunzima buwudlula ngokwabo. Kulezi zimo, okuwukuhlenga kuphela kungahle kwakhiwe kahle ama-drainage. Emhlabathini onjalo, unezimpawu zawo. Ngakho-ke, cabanga ukuthi ungawenza kanjani amanzi esiza ngezandla zakho enhlabathini yobumba.
Izici zezindawo zobumba
Izitshalo zihlushwa ukugcwaliseka kabusha komswakama kwasekuqaleni. Izimpande zazo azitholakalanga ngenani le-oksijini elidingekayo entuthukweni. Umphumela uvela ukuthi ube yinhle - izitshalo kuqala eza, bese zinyamalala nhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuyasebenza nasezitshalweni zamasiko, naku-Lawn Herbs. Ngisho nasezimweni lapho ubumba luvela phezulu lumbozwe ngongqimba lomhlabathi ovundile, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kuzoba nzima.
Kubalulekile futhi ukududuza umsebenzi esizeni, ngoba lapho kungekho khona, ngisho nemvula encane iyakwazi ukuguqula inhlabathi yobumba exhashenini. Akunakwenzeka ukusebenza ezweni elinjalo izinsuku eziningana.
Lapho amanzi engashiyi isikhathi eside, ubungozi bokugcwala kwezikhukhula isisekelo kanye nokuqhwa kwalo ngesikhathi sezulu kwenzeka. Ngisho nokungangeni kwamanzi okuhle akukwazi ukuvikela isisekelo ekubhujisweni, ngoba ngokwaso kungabhujiswa umswakama ofriziwe.
Izinzuzo zokuba khona kohlelo lokudonsa ehlelweni
Siphetha: I-drainage yesakhiwo esivela emanzini aphansi komhlaba kumane nje kudingekile. Futhi uma kungekenziwa, khona-ke akufanele uhlehlise ukwakhiwa kwalo.
Ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokudonsa amanzi
Ngaphambi kokukhetha uhlobo lohlelo lokudonsa amanzi, ukuhlaziywa kwesayithi lakho kufanele kuhlaziywe.
Ukunakwa kudonswa kumaphuzu alandelayo:
- Isakhiwo senhlabathi. Endabeni yethu, ubumba lubhekwa, olungakwazi ukudlula emanzini;
- Umthombo womayini ophakeme. Kungaba njalo ukuhanjiswa kwezulu noma amanzi aphansi komhlaba asondele ebusweni;
- Uhlobo lokudonsa lukhethwe noma izinhlobo eziningana zihlanganisiwe;
- Uhlelo lwendawo yemisele yokudonsa, ukubuyekeza kanye nemithombo yokubamba. Uhlelo lukhombisa ukujula kokuthola okukude, usayizi wazo zonke izinto zohlelo, umthambeka wazo ohlobene nobuso benhlabathi. Uhlelo luzokuvumela ukuthi uthole ngokushesha indawo yazo zonke izinto zohlelo.
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Ukwakheka kwezinto zohlelo lwe-drainage esizeni
Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa okunjalo, ukwakhiwa kwale ndawo kuqhutshwa ngezandla zazo enhlabathini yobumba. Cabanga ngohlobo luni lokudonsa okwenzekayo, nokuthi iyiphi ebiza kangcono endaweni yobumba.
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi
I-drainage endaweni yobumba ingaba yinto ephakeme, ejulile noma i-remorvoir. Kwesinye isikhathi kungcono ukuhlanganisa eziningi zalezi zinhlobo ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kwamakhambi amakhulu.Ukudonsa komhlaba
Uma isiza okungenani sine-bias encane yemvelo, kwakha izinzuzo ezengeziwe zokudonsa komhlaba. Amanzi ageleza ngokwawo kanye neziteshi endaweni egciniwe esizeni. Iziteshi ezinjalo zitholakala ebusweni benhlabathi, zizijulise kancane emhlabathini. Ukudonswa komhlaba kwale ndawo kunhlabathi yobumba kungabekwa cishe kunoma yiziphi izindawo zezinga: Ngamathrekhi, azungeze isakhiwo, eduze kwamapulatifomu okuzijabulisa nakwezinye izindawo.
Isibonelo sedivayisi yokudonsa komhlaba kusuka ethafeni lama-drainage
Amanzi ageleza ngokhonkolo noma ama-grooves epulasitiki ahlanganiswe emithonjeni ye-drainage, ukusuka lapho kusetshenziselwa khona inhloso noma ukusetha kabusha endaweni yokulahla.
Ukudedelwa kokujula
Lapho kunesidingo sokususa amanani aphezulu avela enhlabathini, wobala amanzi ajulile enhlabathini yobumba. Lolu uhlelo lwesiteshi esingaphansi komhlaba namapayipi atholakala kuwo, lapho amanzi egeleza futhi ancibilike emithonjeni. Uhlelo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwesiqu (esiyisisekelo) sokujula okungaba ngu-1,2 m nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-50 ngamapayipi amanzi abekwe kuwo. Ukuqondiswa kweziteshi eziphambili kumqoqi wokubamba. Lezi ziteshi zisetha kabusha amanzi eziteshini ezisizayo eziqoqa amanzi avela kuyo yonke indawo. Banokujula okuncane nobubanzi. Inani leziteshi ezingeziwe kufanele zibe khona njengoba zimbozwe ngezindawo ezinokuqina kwamanzi amakhulu.
Idivaysi yokudonsa okujulile
ICEBISO: Ubumba obuningi buqukethwe enhlabathini, kulapho inani lemigqa yokudonsa amanzi izodinga ukudonswa.
Ibanga phakathi kwemisele yohlobo lomhlabathi olunjalo lungamamitha ayi-11.
Ibanga elinconyelwe phakathi kwamapayipi ama-drainage ngokuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi nokujula komsele
Ukudonsa okuphezulu
Lolu uhlobo lwezinhlobonhlobo zohlelo olujulile, ngoba zonke izinto zokudonsa amanzi zitholakala ekujuleni okukhulu. Kusetshenziswa i-plastic drateage ezimweni lapho kudingekile khona ukususa amanzi ahlala engena kwisisekelo. Ukuvalwa kwamanzi epulasitiki Ngaphansi kwesisekelo uqobo, ukuba nesisekelo sendawo ephansi yesisekelo . Uhlelo luqukethe ungqimba lwemfucumfucu, lapho amanzi angena emapayipi e-drainage akhiwe eduze komngcele. Ubukhulu bohlelo lwe-reservoir luhlala ludlula ukwakheka kwesakhiwo.
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Umdwebo wedivaysi yepulasitiki
Amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha
Sibhala amathuluzi angadingeka ukuze afeze ama-drainage ngobumba:- Amafosholo wokumba imisele.
- Izinga lokwakha ukudala ithambeka emigodini.
- I-Wheelbarrow yokuvalelwa kwezinto zokwakha kanye nokuthengiswa kwama-ducklings.
- Ukusika nokumba ithuluzi lamapayipi epulasitiki.
- Intambo yokumaka.
Ngomsebenzi, kuzodingeka izinto ezinjalo:
- I-geootextile edingekayo ukuhlunga amanzi ageleza ohlelweni lokudonsa amanzi.
- Itshe elichotshoziwe nesihlabathi ukudala imicamelo kanye namafafafa.
- Iziteshi ezenziwe ngokhonkolo noma ngopulasitiki ukuze zibe khona, abafuna imvula, amaSandls, kanye nosimende.
- Amashubhu wepulasitiki ahlanganisiwe anama-diameter 100-110 mm wokwakhiwa kokudonsa okujulile.
- Ukuxhuma izinto zamapayipi asungula.
- Imithombo yokudonsa amanzi noma izakhi zomhlangano wabo.
Idivaysi yokudonsa
Cabanga ukuthi ungawenza kanjani ukudonsa kwesakhiwo emhlabathini wobumba lwezinhlobo ezahlukene.
Ukudonsa komhlaba
Idivaysi elula inohlobo oluhamba phambili lwe-drainage:
- Ngokusho kohlelo olukhona, imisele engajulile iyashintshana, okuzothinta ngokuphelele. Ukuthambekela kwemisele ebheke emanzini abunjiwe kuyabonakala. Uma unenhlanhla, futhi icebo line-bias yemvelo, ukujula kwe-trench kungenzeka kufane. Ukujula komsele kufika ku-80 cm, futhi ububanzi babo bungama-40 cm.
- Kwakhiwa umcamelo wesihlabathi emiholweni, ngaphezulu kwalapho ungqimba lwemfucumfucula lulala khona. Njengoba idivaysi yedeshi emhlabathini wobumba ivulekile, itshe elichotshoziwe lizolala ezingeni lomhlabathi noma indawo yokubeka ngaphezulu kwesendlalelo sengqimba sesobunxele. Ngalesi simo, kusebenza uhlelo.
ICEBISO: Ukunikeza iziteshi ezivulekile ngobuhle obukhulu, kunconywa ukuthi uzimboze ngaphezulu kwamatshe okuhlobisa, amatshe amatshe, ukuhlobisa ngezinye izindlela. Ukusuka kubo ungakha umfudlana owomile ngokubeka izimbali zaphakade eceleni kwemiphetho yeziteshi.
I-drainage yohlobo lwe-tray yakhiwa njenge:
Ukufakwa kwamathileyi epulasitiki epulasitiki
- Ama-verit trenches, njengasenguqulweni esedlule, kepha hhayi ejulile kangako.
- Isixazululo sikakhonkolo sithululelwa engxenyeni ye-rubble, efakwe ngokushesha ipulasitiki noma ukhonkolo. Ukhonkolo ulungisa imisele, ukungavumeli izindonga zomhlaba ukuba ziwe. Ngokufanayo, kufakwa ama-sandls ama-sandls (ngokuvamile ekugcineni komugqa wethira) kanye nabafuna imvula (ngaphansi kwamapayipi ama-drainage).
- I-gutter ivaliwe ngama-lattices avikelayo.
ISikimu sifaka izitha zokudonsa ngesihlabathi
Ukudedelwa kokujula
Lolu uhlelo lokudonsa olungcono, lokwenziwa okuzodinga isikhathi esiningi namandla.
- Kufakwe umqoqi kahle endaweni evuthiwe.
- Imisele esezingeni eliphakeme ne-auxiliary acishe ibe ngu-50 cm ububanzi. Ukujula kwama-drainage aphakathi kumawashi kucishe kube yi-120 cm eziteshini eziphambili kanye ne-100 cm eziteshini zezengeziwe. Imigqa eyinhloko kufanele ifinyelele ekubanjweni kahle. Ithambeka lemigwaqo elisizayo linikezwa nge-5 cm ngemitha ngayinye yobude babo.
- Ngezansi kwemisele emibi, umcamelo wesihlabathi umbozwe futhi ama-geootextellits abekelwe, imiphetho yayo esongwe ezindongeni ze-trenche.
- Ukusuka ngaphezulu kwe-geotextile, okuchotshozwa ubukhulu okungenani be-20 cm kuhlanganiswe.
Ukulungiselela imisele yokufaka isitokisi
- Amapayipi adwetshwe aveziwe ngokuqinisekiswa okuphoqelekile komthambeka.
- Amapayipi phakathi kwawo avunyelwe ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana kwe-fetus noma ukuhlangana.
- Ezindaweni zokujika kwamapayipi, kanye nawo wonke ama-25 m ezindaweni eziqondile, kufakwa imithombo yokuhlola. Kungaba chunks wepayipi lobubanzi noma imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokukhethekile. Ukuphakama kwabo kufanele kube njalo bakhuphuke ngaphezulu kwezinga lenhlabathi. Ngale mithombo izolawulwa ngobumsulwa bepayipi, kanye nokuhlanza kwabo ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukubhekelwa kokubukwa kahle kahle
- Phezulu kwamapayipi abuye awela itshe elichotshoziwe. Kumele imboze ngokuphelele amapayipi.
- I-Geotextile ukugoqa ukuze i-rubble, kanye namapayipi, ibisekhukhuneni yakhe. Isihlungi sokudonsa amanzi.
- Indawo esele emiholweni ilala ngesihlabathi.
- Isendlalelo sokugcina yinhlabathi, esele imisele ezingeni lomhlabathi.
I-Drainishwage Pipe Laying Scheme in Trench
Ukudonsa okuphezulu
Le nhlobonhlobo yokudonsa amanzi yakhelwe ngisho nangaphambi kokwakhiwa kwesisekelo. Inhlabathi ijule ngaphansi kwendawo yayo okungenani i-20 cm. Isendlalelo senhlabathi futhi sibekwe endaweni ebanzi yesisekelo. Phansi komgodi, ungqimba lwemfucumfucu 20 cm lubeka phezulu, kanye namapayipi ama-drainage atholakala eduze komngcele. Konke ukungena komswakama ngaphansi kwesisekelo kuyaqoqwa emapayipthini, kusuka lapho kufakwa khona kusuka kumapayipi abunjiwe ahlukaniswe ngemithombo yokubanjwa.
Ithiphu: Ukujula kokuthola ukudonsa kwelanga kabusha kufanele kudlule ukujula kwenhlabathi yobumba. Kulokhu, ukudonsa kuzosebenza kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.
Lolu hlobo lokudonsa kanzima luyasebenza, ngakho-ke lusetshenziselwa kaningi, yize luwusizo enhlabathini yobumba.
Ukunakekela uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi kuqukethe kuphela ekuhlanzeni kwalo nokumpompowa kwamanzi kusuka kumqoqi kahle. Uma konke kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, khona-ke alukho ubumba epulazini olungenza mnyama mnyama imizwa yakho futhi uchithe izitshalo ezikhulile.
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