Amanzi abushelelezi asondele ebusweni bomhlaba aletha inkathazo enkulu kubanini bomhlaba. Kancane kancane bachitha izisekelo zezakhiwo, banikela emhlabathini wethanga. Ukususwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi ezivaliwe ezihlanganisa amapayipi kanye nemithombo yokudonsa. Ungahlomisa uhlelo olunjalo ngokwakho, njengokufaka ukudonsa kahle izandla zakho. Imithombo enjalo esizeni ingaba izingcezu eziningana, kuya ngosayizi wayo kanye nokwakheka kwenhlabathi.
Design nenhloso
Sifunda amatshe amaningi kahle: Kuyini futhi kusebenza muphi imisebenzi?
Lesi sakhiwo siyisizinda esinqumayo esivulwe enhlabathini. Umthombo owenziwe ngemayini, i-hatch engenhla naphansi. Awekho ama-bottoms aqanjiwe aphansi. Ikuvumela ukuthi uqongelele umswakama ngokweqile ungena kuwo kusuka kumapayipi, ulawule izinga lokungcoliswa kwamapayipi ama-drainage, ulandelele izinga lokudonsa kwamanzi.
I-drainage kahle esizeni yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthi uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi luzolahlekelwa ukusebenza kwalo, futhi lwaluyeka ukwenza inhloso yalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yokudonsa ohlelweni lwendlu
Izinhlobo zemithombo yokudonsa amanzi
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthenga kwe-drainage Wells, ngamunye wawo owenza imisebenzi ethile. Cabanga ngalezi zinhlobo ngokuningiliziwe:
munye. Ukubuka (ukuhlola) kahle . Injongo yayo ukuhlola nokuhlanza amapayipi avaliwe. Ngokuqoqa amanzi, izakhiwo ezinjalo azihloselwe. Ukubuka imithombo ye-drainage encane yobubanzi (kuze kube ngu-46 cm) kusetshenziselwa ukugcwala amapayipi, ngenkathi imikhiqizo ebanzi enobubanzi obungu-0.9-2 m isivumela ukuthi singene ngaphakathi kwabantu ukuze bahlanze imicimbi ehlanzekile. Imithombo yokuhlola ifakiwe ezindaweni zezinhlanganisela zepayipi, kanye nasezindaweni ezinde kakhulu zamapayipi e-drainage Pipeline.
I-Rotary Auditing Wells ivame ukusetshenziswa, ifakwe ekuxhumaneni kwamapayipi ambalwa ama-drainage, ngamaphoyinti angular, kanye nasekujikelezeni kwamapayipi.
Ekuhlolweni kwesithombe esijikelezayo kahle
2. Umqoqi (oqongelela) kahle . Kufakiwe lapho inhlabathi endaweni yobumba, engakwazi ukudonsa inani elikhulu lomswakama. Isebenza futhi ezimweni lapho kungenzeki ukusetha kabusha umswakama owedlulele ngaphandle kwesiza. Idivayisi yokudonsa kahle ifaka ukugeleza kwamanzi ohlelweni lwamatshe, kulandelwe ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezidingo zezomnotho. Imithombo enjalo inguHermetic. Kungenzeka kube nezinhlaka ezimbalwa ezifanayo esizeni. Uma umthombo umelwe ngenombolo eyodwa, amapayipi ambalwa okudonsa asolwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukuqondanisa phansi kwe-Plywood: Ungalinganisa kanjani ama-lags amadala, ukhonkolo ukhonkolo kanye ne-plywood
Amawazi amapayipi epulasitiki wokwenziwa kwemithombo enjalo aqale kusuka ku-57 cm. Ukujula kuzoba ithangi, kuzogcwaliswa kancane, futhi kufakwe endaweni ephansi yesayithi, ngaphansi kwamapayipi amanzi aphansi.
Sula kahle ngephampu
3. Ukutholwa (ukuhlunga) kahle . Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyalulekwa kuleli cala lapho kuletha amanzi okudonsa ngaphezu kwalesi siza noma ohlelweni lwendle oluphakathi akunakwenzeka.
ICEBISO: Sebenzisa lolu hlobo lwemithombo uma ivolumu ephelele ye-Effentuent kusayithi lakho ayisiyi enkulu kakhulu (kuze kube yi-1 cubic imitha ngosuku ngosuku).
Ukumuncwa kahle ukuze ama-drainage ajwayele ukujula kwamamitha angaphezu kuka-2 . Ngaphansi kwesakhiwo kumbozwe ungqimba lwezitini eziphukile, isilayidi noma amatshe amatshe anobukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-30, anikela ngokumunca amanzi emhlabathini. Ingxenye engenhla yomthombo imbozwe ama-geoellits, ngaphezulu kwalapho kuthulwa khona inhlabathi yenhlabathi.
Imithombo yohlobo lokumunca imvamisa ihlelwe njengesigaba sokugcina sokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ngemuva kokuthola i-septic
Ukusetshenziswa kwesihlungi kahle kulungisiwe Emhlabathini onesihlabathi kanye nesampula ukuba nomthamo omkhulu wokutholwa.
ICEBISO: Uma izindonga zokumunca zihle zinxuse, kunconywa ukubeka ungqimba lwe-geotextile kuzo, ezizohlunga amanzi ukungena ngakuzo.
Yiziphi izinto ezenziwa yimithombo
I-Drainage Wells ingenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ezihlukile ezakhiweni zazo:
munye. Ukhonkolo. Lokhu kungukuqukethwe kwendabuko kokwenziwa kwemithombo yemithombo yokudonsa. Indlela elula yokuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwezindandatho zikakhonkolo ezifakwe endaweni ephezulu. Izindonga nangaphansi zingagcwaliswa ngesisombululo sikakhonkolo, ikakhulukazi uma ukudonsa kahle kwenziwa ngezandla zazo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga ukwakha amafomu. Ukhonkolo ubhekisa ezintweni ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi eziqinile, kepha ngokuxhumana isikhathi eside ngamanzi, kuqala ukuqhekeka kancane kancane nokuqhekeka.
2. Izitini. Babeka izindonga zomthombo, ezansi kwazo ezithululwa ngokhonkolo. Isitini asinakuqina kancane kunokhonkolo, kepha kufanelekile ukuyibeka yedwa. Okwenziwayo kwezinhlelo zamanzi akuvamile ukusetshenziswa.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungawalungisa kanjani kahle amanzi ohlelweni lokushisa?
3. Amapulasitiki (polymeric) Wells. Ziya ngokuya zigcinwa nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamanzi. Iziqukathi zepulasitiki zinezinzuzo eziningi:
- Ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Zingasebenza ebangeni lokushisa le--60 + 50 degrees;
- Ipulasitiki yinto engasindi, ngakho-ke ukufakwa kwalesi sakhiwo kungenziwa ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokuheha imishini yokwakha;
- Ukufakwa kwe-drainage kahle eyenziwe ngopulasitiki kwenziwa ngokushesha futhi kumane. Uma kunesidingo, okuqukethwe kunqunywa kalula kubukhulu obufunayo, okungenakwenzeka ukukhiqiza ngezindandatho zokhonkolo;
- inert ezintweni ezihlukile ezinolaka;
- Akuzona ukugqwala okubi ne-oxidation;
- babe namandla aqhathaniswa nensimbi nokhonkolo;
- thwala ngokuphelele imithwalo yemishini neye-hydraulic;
- Iziqukathi zepulasitiki aziboli, azilimalanga ngamagundane nezinambuzane;
- Iziqukathi zepulasitiki zingabekwa kunoma yikuphi ukujula nasemhlabathini nganoma yisiphi isakhiwo;
- Ukuqina kwe-reservoir yepulasitiki kucishe kube yiminyaka engama-50.
Isibonelo seqoqo eliphelele lepulasitiki eliqediwe kahle
Imvamisa, amapayipi ahlanganisiwe wamadayimitha ahlukahlukene enziwe nge-polyvinyl chloride asetshenziswa njengeziqukathi zokudonsa amanzi. Umthombo omuhle, noma unenye indawo eyenziwe emapayiphu anjalo, unobumbano okwanele ukuze balwe nomhlaba ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ukufakwa Okuzimele kwemithombo ye-drainage
Cabanga ukuthi ungawenza kanjani ama-drainage kahle ngezandla zakho. Ngokuya ngohlobo lomthombo, izindlela zokwenziwa kwalo zihlukile.Ukufakwa kwesitoreji okwenziwe kahle kwepulasitiki
Izinto zokwenziwa kahle zingaba yi-tube yepulasitiki ehlanganisiwe yosayizi abahlukahlukene.
KUBALULEKILE: Ukufaka imithombo yalolu hlobo kuyadingeka ngaphansi kwawo wonke amapayipi ama-drainage, anikeze ukugeleza okungangenzi lutho kuwo.
1. Kuvela umgodi ngethangi elizayo.
2. Ubude obudingekayo bepayipi elihlanganisiwe bulinganiswa, emva kwalokho kuthenwa.
3. Umcamelo wesihlabathi ulala emgodini noma isizinda sikakhonkolo esiqinile siyadalwa.
4. Isitsha esilungiselelwe sisethwe kwikhithi elilungiselelwe, ukuba nempompi yokuxhuma amapayipi. Izimbobo zamapayipi okufaka zingenziwa ngemuva kokufakwa kwesitsha endaweni ngayinye yaphakade. Ama-Wells amaningi aqediwe asevele anomompompi okhethekile, ngakho-ke ukuwaxhumanisa nohlelo lokudonsa amanzi kulula.
5. NgeBitumen mastic epayipini, kufakwa ipulasitiki phansi.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Imibono ethokozisayo yezitolo zokuhlikihla
6. Amapayipi ama-drainage nokubekwa uphawu kwegebe kufakwa.
7. Izikhala phakathi kwezindonga zomthombo kanye ne-pita zimbozwe ngemfucumfucu, isihlabathi noma ingxube yesihlabathi ngosimende.
ICEBISO: Ngaphakathi komthombo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ibeke ngokushesha iphampu yokudonsa, lapho kwenziwa khona ukupompa kwamanzi. Ungasebenzisa futhi iphampu ebonakalayo ezoya emthonjeni kahle, njengoba kudingeka, noma ngabe ipompo yohlobo lwe-Surface.
8. Kusuka phezulu, ithangi eliqongelayo limbozwe ngesembozo ukuvikela ukungcoliswa kwalo futhi kulokhu kufakwa kwe-drainage kahle kungabhekwa kwenziwa.
Idivaysi ye-drainage kahle ngezandla zohlobo lokubuka yenziwa ngesikimu esifanayo, ngaphandle kokufaka iphampu. Akunasidingo sokuyibeka endaweni ephansi kakhulu yesayithi.
Ukufakwa kwe-polymer drainage kahle
Ukufaka isikhala esenziwe kahle ngokhonkolo ukhonkolo
Ngokwenziwa kwemithombo kakhonkolo, kungcono ukusebenzisa izindandatho eziqinisiwe ngelokhi. Uma kungekho, imikhiqizo evamile ekhokhwayo izolingana. Abakhudlwana bazoba yikho, bazokhonza isikhathi eside.
Ngedivayisi ye-drainage eyenziwe kahle amasongo ukhonkolo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ngezikhiye
Umsebenzi wenziwa usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile yokulayisha ngokulandelana:
1. Ilungiselelwe ngosayizi we-pitual.
2. Phansi phansi, isihlabathi noma amatshe amatshe afakwa. Uma kukhiqizwa isitsha sokuhlunga, ubukhulu bomcamelo kumele okungenani babe nemitha.
3. Indandatho yokuqala ephansi iboshwe emcameni. Uma izindandatho zisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwephansi, bese kuthi i-concrete screed yenziwa kusuka phansi kwendandatho yokuqala.
4. Izindandatho ezilandelayo ziboshwe ngaphezulu kwalezo zangaphambili. Lapho ufaka amasongo kakhonkolo, umthungo unikezwa phakathi kwawo ngesisombululo sikakhonkolo noma iBitumen mastic.
5. Lapho indandatho yokugcina ifakiwe, izimbobo zenziwa kulo (uma kungekho okunye) ukufaka amapayipi ama-drainage.
6. Emgodini uvuleko, kuboniswa amapayipi, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho wonke amalunga afaka uphawu ngokucophelela.
7. Iphedi lifakwa ngaphezulu komthombo. Ungasebenzisa isembozo sepulasitiki noma sensimbi, njengoba imikhiqizo ekhonkolo inzima kakhulu.
8. Amasu aphakathi kwezindonga zomgodi nezindandatho zokhonkolo zimbozwe ngesihlabathi, amatshe noma imfucumfucu.
Ukuhlelwa komshini omuhle akuwona umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Ngomsebenzi onjalo, ungabhekana nawe, ikakhulukazi lapho ufaka imikhiqizo yepulasitiki.