Inqubo yokufaka uhlelo lwe-rafting ophahleni liqala ngomsebenzi wokulungiselela. Ukwethembeka nokubukeka kophahla kuncike kwikhwalithi yama-rafters wokufaka.
Idivaysi yehla ophahleni lwe-4.
Ukulungiselela izindonga nokugqagqana phansi
Idivaysi yohlelo lwe-rafting Roof luhlinzeka ngokulungiswa kwezindonga nokugqagqana kwendlu. Lokhu kuzodinga ukukala izindonga nama-engeli. Uma kunesidingo, ingaphezulu liqondaniswe. Indlu yezitini, kusetshenziswa uthayi lwesimende-isihlabathi, ngesakhiwo sokhuni - ama-gaskets akhethekile. Ukufakwa kohlelo lweRafter kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezilandelwayo namathuluzi: izipikili, i-hammer, i-screwdriver, ukuxutshwa kokuhlanganiswa, ukuxutshwa, amabhulashi, imigoqo, i-rubberoid, izinga.
Ukuze uthole umsebenzi ongavikeli, impahla ekhethekile izodingeka. UMaurolat ufakiwe kukho. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise amakhona angaqondile azungeze umngcele wendlu yonke. IMaurerlalat, yaphakanyiselwa iphuzu eliphakeme lodonga, akusona isisekelo sokwakheka kwe-spacer.
Izici zokubekwa kohlelo lwe-rafter.
Uhlelo lweRafter luqukethe izinto ezilandelayo:
- Ama-rafters. Bahlobana nengxenye yenkampani yenethiwekhi.
- Imilenze ye-stropile. Bakha umkhawulo ophahleni.
- Ukuqina. Babopha ezinye izinto ezedlule.
Ukuhlelwa kwesinki kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-rafters angeziwe. Izici zakamuva zivezwa ngendlela yemigoqo enesigaba esisezingeni eliphakeme se-50x20 mm. Amapharamitha aguqulwa asuselwa ezimweni zezulu. Ukubala ingxenye yebha, kuzodingeka uthole ukuthi:
- Izindonga ezikhuphukayo;
- Uhlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo lapho uphahla luhlonyelwe khona.
Abakhi beluleka ukuthi bakhethe ukwaziswa kohlelo lwe-rafter ngendlela yokuthi inkomba yomthwalo ayidluli ku-50 kg nge-1 m². Isici esibalulekile ekufakweni komklamo obhekwayo umthwalo weqhwa. Bala le nkomba usebenzisa ifomula ekhethekile:
F = p × ×, lapho i-F umthwalo weqhwa, i-P yisisindo seqhwa nge-1 m², k i-coefficient yokulungisa.
Ukubala umthwalo womoya kwisembozo, ifomula elilandelayo lisebenza:
Isihloko ngesihloko: Udinga kuphi ukuqala i-glue iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni
V = r × k, lapho i-v ingumthwalo womoya, u-r uyinkomba yesifunda esihambisanayo, k is a coefffeccient ehambisanayo.
Umyalo wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Uhlelo lwe-slinge ophahleni lwe-attic.
Uhlelo lweRafter lubekwe lapho kubalwa ukunemba. Ephahleni liphakamisa imigoqo emi-2 ngosizo lwamahlathi ahlukahlukene. Imikhawulo yezinyawo ze-rafter izodinga ukusikwa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukudlulisa isikhundla esimeme sama-rafter eMauerlat. Ngasikhathi sinye, imilenze ye-rafting imakwe ukuze kube lula ukuzula endaweni yawo.
Amaphethelo aphansi ahlelwe ngendlela efanayo. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuxhuma ama-rafters phakathi kwawo, kwakha isizwe. Lapho-ke izinto zibopha ngezipikili. Ngemuva kokufaka, amaphethelo aphansi ahleliwe. Imigoqo iphuza ngo-1/2 ngobukhulu bawo.
Amabhuzu asele ama-rafter alungiswa emhlabeni. Kulokhu sebenzisa ithempulethi. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sihlinzekela imigoqo ekhuphukayo enezinhlangothi ezi-2 zengxenye yangaphambili yodonga. Ama-Rafters anamathele kwi-Mauerlat Nails. Ukulawulwa kwezinga nokuklanywa okuvundlile kwalesi sakhiwo kuhlinzekelwe ukungezwani intambo phakathi kwamabili ama-2 Kwezinye izimo, lungisa ukuphakama kwesikhumba esibekiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka kufake amaplabhu amancane wokuphakama okufanele ngaphansi kwemigoqo.
Isinyathelo sesakhiwo singama-70 cm. Lawula le pharamitha kungaba ngosizo lwebhodi lapho kufakwa khona isinyathelo. Ibethelwe phezulu kwemilenze yesobunxele neyakwesokudla. Uma kunesinyathelo esikhulu, kuzodingeka ukuqinisa ukwakheka. Ngale ndlela yokusebenzisa imigoqo evundlile - ukuqina. Esimweni esinjalo, ama-rafter amabili axhumeke ebhodini elivundlile endaweni yesehlakalo se-skate. Indlela efanayo yakheka yi-node ehambisanayo.
Izikhathi ezibalulekile lapho ufaka uhlelo lwe-rafter
Ukuqiniswa kohlelo lwe-rafter kwenziwa ngamabhodi axhumekile. Ibhodi ngalinye linqunywa ubude obufunayo. Ukuze kulungiswe, izipikili, amantongomane nama-stud asetshenziswa ngama-rafters.
Ukuvimbela ukuqina kokuqina, kuzodingeka uyixhume ngesiketi.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sihlinzekela ukukhiqizwa kwama-cornice soles. Ama-rafter anobude obunganele bokuhlelwa kwama-soles ayanda ngendlela yokufakelwa. Kulesi faka amabhodi - ukubulala. Ubude beBhodi kufanele bube ngaphezu kwama-40 cm. Abakhi bancoma ukusebenzisa lezi zinhloso amabhodi amade ama-60 cm. Ububanzi bawo bungaba ngaphansi kobubanzi bekhola.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Amaphephadonga we-Vinyl: amaphephadonga kanye nezinzuzo, isithombe, ukuthi kuyini, kulimaza i-vinyl ezindongeni, i-vinyl
"I-mare" inamathiselwe kwizipikili ze-rafaling. Lokhu kuhlonishwa i-lumen ethile. Ukugcwalisa, i-liner iyadingeka. Uma kufakwa ama-eaves, ama-rafter asuselwe kuMauerlat. Ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa imichilo yensimbi, ephenduka ngakwesokunxele nakwesobunxele kwemilenze ye-rafter. I-strip inamathiselwe ekwakhiweni kwezipikili noma izikulufu ezijulile zawo ezingama-30 cm. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo buvimbela ophahleni lophahla olungesimo sezulu esibi. I-strip ingathathelwa indawo ngocingo lwensimbi, ukushuba okudlula ku-6 mm.