Isimfanelo esibalulekile se-Bookmot yibhukumaka. Cishe kwavelaphi, yiziphi izinhlobo zamabhukumaka ezikhuluma ngendlela yokwenza ibhukumaka lephepha lencwadi ngezandla zakho, uzofunda kulesi sihloko.
Imvelaphi yamabhukhimakhi
Emuva ezikhathini zasendulo, ababhali babhekana nenkinga yokuhamba encwadini. Ikhasi olifunayo lalilula ukulahlekelwa futhi kunzima kakhulu ukulithola. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukwenza amabhukumaka okuqala avela ezingxenyeni ezincane ze-papyrus. Kusukela kwakhiwa ama-Mills aphrintiwe entshonalanga yeYurophu kwikhulu le-XV, izincwadi zaqala ukwabiwa kabanzi. Okokuqala, baphatha ukukhanyiselwa endlini yabantu abacebile, ngokulandelana futhi bebiza kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, amabhukumaka awenziwanga kuphela umsebenzi wokuhambisa, kodwa futhi wasiza ukugcina izincwadi zivela esibonisweni. Kwatholakala iqiniso lokuthi umfundi bekungafanele aphele encwadini efuna ikhasi olifunayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, amabhukumaka enziwe ngezicucu zesikhumba, kanye nezinto ezahlukahlukene ezaziphethe umsebenzi wokuhlobisa, ngokwesibonelo, izingcezu zentambo. Kamuva kube khona amabhukumaka aqukethe izimbambo eziningana noma izintambo eziqinisiwe kwabanikazi abahlukahlukene.
Lokhu kwasungulwa akuzange kulinganiswe hhayi eNtshonalanga kuphela, kodwa naseRussia. Ibhukumaka elinjalo lenze ukuthi kukwazi ukugubha amakhasi amaningi afunelwe ngasikhathi sinye, okwenza kwaba lula kakhulu ukufunda izincwadi ezikhethekile - ezobuchwepheshe nezenkolo. Amabhukhimakhi, abizwa nge- "Lasse" avele ngekhulu le-XVII. Babenjengembula kwabo, kodwa babeyingxenye yencwadi, ngoba Ama-trentis awazange abenzele ezimpandeni zencwadi. Ngemuva kuka-1860, ukukhiqizwa kwamabhukumaka kwakukhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuphrintiwe kanye nokushibhile kwabo okukhulu. Ekuqaleni, benziwa ezindwangu ezahlukahlukene, futhi kamuva baqala ukukhulula ibhukumaka eliphrintiwe. Akukona nje kuphela ukwengeza okuhle kwemikhiqizo yezincwadi, kepha futhi ophethe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zolwazi, njengokukhangisa noma inkulumo-ze.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungasithunga kanjani isiketi ku-coquette: iphethini kanye nesikimu sokuthunga
Imibono ejwayelekile
Zonke izinhlobo zamabhukumaka zingahlukaniswa kwezobuchwepheshe nangombhali. Izinhlobo zezobuchwepheshe zingumlando wokuthuthuka kwebhukumaka elihlotshaniswa noshintsho ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe. Futhi amabhukumaka e-copyright akhombisa umlando wokuhlobisa le mfanelo yencwadi engashintshiwe.
Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukubeka kukwenzile ukuthuthuka okukhulu. Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezithile zokwenziwa okunjalo. Iziqeshana zazivame ukusetshenziswa njengamabhukhimakhi. Iphothule uM. Kinle ukudala ibhukumaka, kwiziqeshana zayo zokukhumbula kabusha zamaphepha.
Inketho yesimanje kakhulu:
Ibhukumaka elihlakaniphile liyithuluzi elingakhumbuli kuphela lapho uphazamisa khona ukufunda kwakho, kepha kuzokusiza ngokufuna izincwadi. Ifakwe ngokufana okuthile kwe-navigator, eheha i-sakhombisa database, futhi ikushukumisela indawo yencwadi oyifunayo e-rack neshalofu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angafunda ibhakhodi encwadini futhi azokuxwayisa ukuthi uphelelwe yisikhathi futhi sekuyisikhathi sokubuyisa le ncwadi kulabhulali.
Ukugoqa izibani zamaLanterns hhayi kuphela ukuthi ngeke kuvumele ikhasi elifanele, kepha lizokwenza ukufunda egumbini elimnyama kukhululeke kakhulu. Ishaja kusuka ebhethri lelanga.
Amanye amabhukhimakhi enza umsebenzi ophindwe kabili. Isibonelo, le tab kathebhu ye-USB ingasetshenziswa ukumaka ikhasi olifunayo futhi lenze indima yolwazi lwemidiya.
Amakhosi nawo awazange ame endaweni futhi athuthukisa umhlobiso wesihloko esilula. Usebenzisa izinto ezahlukahlukene namasu, ungenza ibhukumaka le-copyright eliqhathaniswa lencwadi. Ingasetshenziswa nguwe uqobo noma inikezwe njengesengezo encwadini - isipho esihle kunazo zonke sesikhathi sonke.
Inketho elula
Ukunamathisela izibalo zamaphepha esiqeshini sezinto ezijwayelekile, ungathola ibhukumaka elihle lencwadi. Kuzobamba kanzima ukugcina ikhasi elifanele.
Indlela elula yokwenza i-Bookmark yePhepha yindlela ye-applique.
Ukuze wenze ibhukumaka elinjalo, kwanele ukusika imidwebo emihle eyenziwe ngephepha elinemibala noma kusuka kumagazini wakudala ne-glue ku-strip iphepha.
Isu le-Origami
Ubuciko bokugoqa izibalo ezahlukahlukene zamaphepha beza kithi zivela eChina yasendulo. Kwakulapho kwasungulwa iphepha lokuqala. Ngabe ufuna amakhasi encwadi yakho ukuvikela ukuguquka kwesilwane? Siphakamisa ukuthi ukwenze ngezandla zakho kwinqubo ye-origami. Ukuze wenze ibhukumaka ngendlela ekhoneni oyodinga:
- Iphepha elinemibala;
- Glue;
- Isikele.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Amabhasikidi asolayo avela emvinini wabaqalayo: Ungayifaka kanjani izandla zakho ngevidiyo tutorials
Thatha iphepha lesikwele.
Songa nge-diagonally.
Manje iziphetho eziphansi zonxantathu kufanele zengezwe ku-vertex yazo.
Nweba umsebenzi wokusebenza bese uhambisa maphakathi ohlangothini olulodwa lweshidi.
I-Corner Billt Fihla ngaphakathi.
Ikona ngokwalo selilungile. Manje kudinga ukuhlotshiswa ngobuso obuhlekisayo obunqunywe ephepheni elinemibala, bese uthumela encwadini.
Usenzele ukwakhiwa kobuciko obulula obunjalo, ungasebenzisa amacebo ambalwa ayinkimbinkimbi yokwakha amabhukumaka e-Origami.
Ividiyo ngesihloko
Le ndatshana iveza ividiyo ukukusiza ukwazi ukwenziwa kwamabhukhimakhi wephepha.