Ngesikhathi sokwakha kanye nokwenza ngcono indlu, amapayipi awahlali asetshenziselwa ukuthutha uketshezi noma amagesi. Imvamisa basebenza njengezinto zokwakha - ukudala uhlaka lwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, kusekela ama-canopies, njll. Lapho unquma amapharamitha wezinhlelo nezinhlaka, kuyadingeka ukubala izici ezihlukile zezakhi zalo. Kulokhu, inqubo ngokwayo ibiza ukubalwa kwepayipi, futhi kufaka phakathi izilinganiso nokubala.
Yini okudingayo ukubala kwamapharamitha amapayipi
Ekwakhiweni kwanamuhla, akugciniswe amapayipi ensimbi noma ama-galvanized. Ukukhetha sekuvele kubanzi kakhulu - i-PVC, i-polyethylene (PND ne-PVD), i-polypropylene, insimbi yensimbi, insimbi engagqwali. Bahle ngoba abanaso isisindo esikhulu kangako njengezinto zensimbi. Kodwa-ke, lapho uhambisa imikhiqizo ye-polymeric emithandweni enkulu ukuze wazi isisindo sawo mhlawumbe - ukuqonda ukuthi hlobo luni lwemoto oludingekayo. Isisindo samapayipi wensimbi sibaluleke kakhulu - ukulethwa kubhekwa ku-tonnage. Ngakho-ke le pharamitha ikulindelwe.
Yini engalinganiswa ingabalwa
Yazi indawo yendawo yangaphandle yepayipi iyadingeka ekuthengweni kwe-Paint and Thermal Imikhiqizo yensimbi kuphela ependiwe, ngoba ingaphansi kokugqwala ngokuhlukile ku-polymer. Ngakho-ke kufanele uvikele ingaphezulu ngemiphumela yemidiya enolaka. Bazisebenzisa kaningi ukwakhiwa kocingo, izinhlaka zokugcinwa kwezindlu (amagalaji, ama-barn, ama-arbors, amakhabethe), ukuze izimo zokusebenza zisindayo, ngoba zonke izinhlaka zidinga imibala. Lapha kuzodingeka ukuthi kufike endaweni ye-Paintwed Power (indawo yangaphandle yepayipi.
Lapho sakha uhlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ngendlu yangasese noma i-cottage, amapayipi agcwele emthonjeni wamanzi (kahle noma kahle) endlini - ngaphansi komhlaba. Konke okufanayo, ukuze banganqobeki, ukufakwa kufunwa kuyadingeka. Bala inani lokufakelwa kungaba ngumthwalo wendawo yangaphandle yepayipi. Kulesi simo kuphela kuyadingeka ukuthatha impahla enendawo eqinile - amalunga kufanele anciphise nge-reserve eqinile.
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Isigaba sesiphambano samapayipi siyadingeka ukuthola ukuthi sisebenzise - ukuthi ngabe lo mkhiqizo uzokwazi yini ukwenza inani elidingekayo lamanzi noma igesi. Ipharamitha efanayo ivame ukudingeka lapho ukhetha ububanzi bamapayipi wokushisa nepayipi lamanzi, ukubala ukusebenza kwepompo, njll.
Ububanzi bangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukushuba odongeni, irediyo
Amapayipi angumkhiqizo othize. Banobubanzi bangaphakathi nangaphandle, njengoba benobukhulu, ubukhulu bawo buxhomeke kuhlobo lwepayipi nokuqukethwe okwenziwe ngalo. Ezimweni zobuchwepheshe, ububanzi obungaphandle kanye nobubanzi bodonga bukhombisa kaningi.
Ububanzi bangaphakathi nangaphandle bepayipi, ubukhulu obudongeni
Ukuba nalezi zilundla ezimbili, kulula ukubala ububanzi bangaphakathi - kusuka kwangaphandle ukuthatha usayizi odongeni oluphindwe kabili: D = d - 2 * s. Uma unobubanzi obungaphandle ka-32 mm, ukushuba odongeni kungu-3 mm, khona-ke ububanzi obungaphakathi buzoba: 32 mm - 2 * 3 mm = 26 mm.
Uma, kunalokho, kukhona ububanzi obungaphakathi nobukhulu bodonga, futhi udinga indawo yangaphandle - ngenani elikhona, engeza izitaki eziphindwe kabili.
Ngama-radies (aboniswe yincwadi r) elula kakhulu - yingxenye ye-REAMETER 32 nje hlukana nababili, sithola u-16 mm.
Izilinganiso ezilinganiselwe zinembe kakhudlwana
Kuthiwani uma idatha yezobuchwepheshe ingekho amapayipi? Ukukala. Uma ukunemba okuthile kungadingeki, umugqa ojwayelekile ufanelekile, ngezilinganiso ezinembile ngokwengeziwe kungcono ukusebenzisa i-caliper.
Ukubalwa kobuso bepayipi
Ipayipi liyisilinda eside kakhulu, futhi indawo yepayipi ibalwa njengendawo yesilinda. Ukuze izibalo, kuzodingeka iRadius (yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle - kuncike kuliphi indawo okudingeka ukubala) kanye nobude bengxenye oyidingayo.
Ifomula yokubala indawo eseceleni yepayipi
Ukuthola indawo eseceleni yesilinda, vula i-radius nobude, inani elilandelayo liphindaphindwe kabili, bese - ngenombolo "PI", sithola inani elifunekayo. Uma ufisa, ungabala indawo yemitha eyodwa, khona-ke ingaphinde iphindiswe ngobude obufunayo.
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Isibonelo, sibala indawo yangaphandle yepayipi elinobude obungamamitha ayi-5, elinobubanzi obungu-12 cm. Okokuqala, sibeka ububanzi: sithola ububanzi: sithola i-6 cm. Manje konke amanani kufanele alethwe kumayunithi athile wokulinganisa. Njengoba indawo ibhekwa ngamamitha-skwele, khona-ke amasentimitha ahunyushelwe emamitha. 6 cm = 0.06 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho sifaka yonke into kwifomula: s = 2 * 3,14 * 0.06 * 5 = 1.884 m2. Uma eyindilinga, kuzovela u-1.9 m2.
Ukubalwa kwesisindo
Ngokubalwa kwesisindo sepayipi, konke kulula: udinga ukuthi ingakanani imitha ye-traffic point enesisindo, bese uphinda lokhu kubudlwana kubude kumamitha. Isisindo samapayipi ensimbi esiyindilinga sisezincwadini zereferensi, ngoba lolu hlobo lwensimbi lulinganiswa. Isisindo semitha eyodwa rose kuncike ebubanzilweni kanye nobukhulu bodonga. Umzuzwana owodwa: Isisindo esijwayelekile sinikezwa ngobuningi bensimbi ka-7.85 g / cm2 ukubukeka okunconywe yi-gost.
Isisindo setafula lensimbi yensimbi
Etafuleni D - ububanzi obungaphandle, indatshana enemibandela iyisilinganiso sangaphakathi, kanti elinye iphuzu elibalulekile: isisindo semikhiqizo evamile esongwe ensimbi, i-Galvenised nge-3% nzima.
Itafula lesisindo sepayipi eliyisikwele
Indlela yokubala indawo yesiphambano
Ifomula yokuthola isigaba se-round tube cross
Uma ipayipi liyindilinga, indawo yesigaba sesigaba kufanele ibhekwe njengefomula yendawo yombuthano: s = π * R2. Lapho r i-radius (yangaphakathi), π - 3.14. Ingqikithi, kuyadingeka ukwakha i-radius esikweleni bese iyanda ngo-3.14.
Isibonelo, isigaba sesiphambano sepayipi esinobubanzi bama-90 mm. Sithola i-radius - 90 mm / 2 = 45 mm. Kuma-centimeters yi-4.5 cm. Sakhiwa esigcawini: 4.5 * 4.5 = 2.025 cm2, singena esikhundleni sefomula s = 2 * 20.25 cm2 = 40.5 cm2.
Indawo ephambanisa nesigaba sepayipi elinamadili libhekwa njengefomula yendawo yokuxazulula: S = A * B, lapho i-A no-B - ubude behlangothi lwesikwele. Uma ubala isigaba sesiphambano sephrofayili ka-40 x 50 mm, sithola ama-S = 40 mm * 50 mm = 2000 mm2 noma 20 cm2 noma u-0.002 m2.
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Indlela yokubala ivolumu yamanzi epayipini
Lapho uhlela uhlelo lokushisa, udinga ipharamitha enjalo njengevolumu yamanzi ezolingana nepayipi. Lokhu kuyadingeka lapho kubalwa inani lokuphola ohlelweni. Kulokhu, ifomula yevolumu yesilinda iyadingeka.
Ifomula yokubala umthamo wamanzi ngepayipi
Kunezindlela ezimbili: Okokuqala ukubala indawo yesigaba sesigaba (esichazwe ngenhla) bese siphindaphindezela ngobude bepayipi. Uma ubheka konke ngokusho kwefomula, udinga i-radius engaphakathi nobude bepayipi. Bala ukuthi malini libekwe ohlelweni lwamapayipi angama-32 millimeter anawo ubude bamamitha angama-30.
Okokuqala, sizodlulisela ama-millimeter kumamitha angama-32 Kwavela = ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabili amamitha cubic. Kepha sijwayele ivolumu yohlelo ukuze alinganise amalitha. Okwe-cubic metres ukudlulisela kwamalili, kufanele uphindaphinde idijithi okuholela ku-1000. Kuvela amalitha angama-24.1.