Ophahleni lwendlu izinhloso ezimbili eziphambili: ukuvikelwa kwendlu kusuka ezimweni zezulu ezingezinhle futhi kugcinwe ukushisa ngaphakathi kwendlu. Isisekelo somthamo ophahleni ophahleni, olungamelana nesisindo sezinto zophahla, kanye nomoya onamandla, kanye nesisindo seqhwa ebusika noma imvula imifula ehlobo.
Izinketho zezakhiwo zeRafal.
Ubude bama-raftered ngqo buya kude nebanga ukusuka egangeni lophahla luye phezulu odongeni. Imvamisa, ngesikhathi sedivayisi yohlelo lwe-rafter, kuvela ukuthi ubude obujwayelekile be-bar noma ibhodi akwanele kudivayisi yohlelo lwe-solo. Kulokhu, kusetshenziselwa ukwakha noma ukuhlukanisa ama-rafting.
Ukwakha noma ukuhlukanisa - Uyini umehluko?
Izici eziphambili zohlelo lweRafter zophahla zingama-racks mpo, izilonda kanye nemilenze ebekwe ngokungaboni. Imilenze ye-rafting enamaphethelo aphezulu ibekwe ku-special beam-Run-Run, elungiselelwe ama-racks mpo, bese ephansi - kubhabhele elikhethekile lereferensi eliboshwe odongeni - Maurylalat. Ingxenye yesiphambano yezinto zohlelo lwe-rafter ngqo incike emthanjeni ohlosiwe ophahleni, futhi ubude bawo buvela kusayizi wejometri wesiketi.
Izakhi zohlelo lwe-rafter.
Lawa mapharamitha amabili - izigaba nobude - Ungahlali uhambelana namapharamitha adingekayo, futhi kufanele uqinise noma unwebe ukwakheka. Ukwanda kwesigaba sesiphambano sezinto zohlelo lwe-rafting kubizwa ngokuthi ama-rafting, kanye nokwanda ngobude - ukuhlukaniswa kwe-rafted ubude. Kwenziwa uma udinga ukwandisa ubude bezinyawo ze-rafter.
Naphezu kokufana omagameni, lokhu kuyimisebenzi emibili ehluke ngokuphelele yokwakha. Ukunwetshwa kweString kulapho kuthuthukiswa abanye, imvamisa kakhulu mpo, element yesakhiwo, ukuxhuma ndawonye 2 kwezingodo noma ibhodi efanayo. Kalula nje, kulula ukuxhumanisa izinto ezimbili ezifanayo ukuze uthuthukise amandla alo. Lapho kuhlukaniswa, izinto zikhuliswa, zixhuma iziphetho zezingcezu zobubanzi phakathi kwazo ukuze ubude babo buhambisana nobude obulinganiselwayo bemilenze ye-rafter.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Umbhede ophethe indlela yokuphakamisa ngezandla zakho: amathuluzi, izinto zokwenziwa, ukusebenza
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokuhlukaniswa konyawo lwe-sropling
Kuqiniswe ngokulungiswa okwengeziwe kwendawo yokuxhumana enama-bolts, izipikili kanye (noma) kubakaki. Okuningi kudinga ukwenziwa ukuze izingxenye ezimbili zama-rafters zisondelene ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma unekhono lokukhetha, kufanele ukhethe indlela elula yokuphila. Indawo yamagama idinga ukwengeza ukuxhasa yonke imithwalo, futhi uma kunesidingo, futhi ithuthukise iNtaba yensimbi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-rafter kungenziwa ngezindlela ezi-3: ukujoyina i-jack, ukuhlukaniswa kwe- "oblique bore" kanye nokunwebeka kwethusi. Ukukhetha kokugcina kwendlela kwenziwa ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokufakwa kohlelo lweRafter. Lapho ukhetha, kuyadingeka ukubheka izimfanelo zokwenza ama-skicing enzile, atholakalayo phambi kwezinto zokwakha (ibhodi noma izingodo) nohlobo lophahla (ubukhulu, u-Semi-Haul noma Holm). Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela ekhethiwe, ukuqeda i-rafter izodinga amathuluzi:
Amathuluzi wokuhlukanisa izinyawo ze-rafter.
- izembe;
- Ummese weSaw-
- ukubona okuguqukayo;
- Isisekelo sabona;
- isando;
- UKiyanka;
- indiza;
- UShirbel;
- kancane;
- chisel;
- I-Manual noma i-Electric Drill eneqoqo lokushayela.
Naphezu kohlu oluhlaba umxhwele kakhulu lwamathuluzi, akukho lutho onamandla amakhulu kwinqubo yokuhlukanisa.
Ngokuhlukanisa, iziphetho ezixhumekayo ze-jack ezixhumeka kuyo imigoqo noma amabhodi anqunywe ngaphansi kwe-angle ye-90º. Endaweni ye-Docking of the Ends ezinhlangothini zombili, ukufakwa ngaphansi kwama-50 cm kunamathiselwe. Ama-linings anamathele kwi-oda lokuhlola - okungenani izipikili ezi-8 ezihlanganisiwe ). Muva nje, izipikili ziya ngokuya zithathelwa indawo ngokuzithandela okude noma uma iziphetho zamabhodi zixhunywe kuma-bolts ngamantongomane anamapuleti ensimbi.
Imininingwane ebalulekile: Ukuvikela indawo yokuxhumana kusuka emithanjeni emide engahleliwe emikhawulweni yezingxenye ezixhunyiwe, izimbobo zomiswa lapho kufakwa iphini lensimbi. Indlela elula, kepha esebenzisa isikhathi esithe xaxa - idonswa nge-spike.
Uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwemilenze ye-rafting.
Kulokhu, indlela esekupheleni kwengxenye eyodwa iyanqunywa, futhi ekugcineni komunye - ama-grooves unomphela. Kufakwe komunye nomunye, bona, njenge-PIN yensimbi, bazovimbela imithwalo ye-lateral.
Isihloko ngesihloko: ukupenda okuzimele kwendlu yokhuni
Ukuhlanganisa ngokushesha "i-oblique bung", iziphetho zokuxhumana kwezingxenye ze-rafter zisikiwe engela ka-45º, ngemuva kwalokho izigaba ziphakeme ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi maphakathi nendawo yokuxhumana ziboshwe nge-bolt ngobubanzi obungu-12 noma obungu-14 mm. Ngale njongo, umgodi wokugcina womile, usayizi wazo kufanele uhambisane nobubanzi be-bolt. Uma umgodi ukhula, i-backlash izovela endaweni yokunamathisela eyakha umthwalo owengeziwe ohlelweni.
Inqubo eyandayo yamadevu yamadevu isho isidleke sengxenye eyodwa ye-rafter kwenye ubuncane be-1 m, khona-ke, izinto ezixhunyiwe ziboshwe ngezipikili ku-oda lokuhlola. Kwesinye isikhathi izikopelo zensimbi zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa, okuthi, kusuka zombili iziphetho, amantongomane e-spin nama-washers. Le ndlela ilungile ngoba akudingekile ukubona ukunemba okuphelele emaphethelweni ezinto ezixhunyiwe.
Ikhompiyutha yethusi isetshenziswa kaningi lapho isetshenziswa njengezinyawo ze-rafter zamabhodi. Ukuxhumeka ku "Ikhomishini e-Oblique" kuvame ukusetshenziswa lapho kunwebeka isigaba esikhulu sesiphambano. Ukuxhumana komsebenzi kungasetshenziswa kuzo zombili lezi zimo.
Nganoma iyiphi indlela yokuhlukanisa, indawo yokuhlanza iba uhlobo lweplastiki.
Kepha njengoba i-rafter kufanele iqinile ngokuqinile kulo lonke ubude bayo, ukuhlukaniswa kumele kwenziwe ekude ungangeqi i-15% yokundiza indiza kusuka endaweni yokusekelwa, efakwe yi-stropilin (run, maurerlalate noma ukwesekwa okuphakathi ) Kulokhu, ukuvela kwe-rafter esizeni sokuxhumeka kuzosondela ngangokunokwenzeka kuphawu lwe-zero.
Paird and composite raftite
Isikimu sokuqiniswa kwezinhlelo ze-rafter nge-pink eyengeziwe.
Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zama-rafter ezenziwe ngamabhodi zikhuliswa kaningi. Ukuze uthole inyunyana yabo, indlela "ye-Vangest" ivame ukusetshenziswa. Ama-pairleds abhangqiwe ahlelwe kusuka emabhodini amabili noma amaningi, axhunywe ngamaqembu abanzi futhi afakwe kuma-Checkers ngezipikili.
Ukwandisa ubude besigaxa esinjalo, kuhlanganiswa nohlelo olufanayo olubhangqiwe. Endabeni ye-Docking, ibhodi elilodwa kuhlelo ngalunye kufanele lwenze ngaphezu kolunye okungenani i-1 m, futhi lawa mabhodi afakwa komunye nomunye. Le ndlela ye-docking ikuvumela ukuthi udale ukwakheka okuthembekile okuphelele kwama-rafting imilenze, okungaphansi kwamandla ezixazululo ezivela ku-solutions eziqinile, okuvumela ukusetshenziselwa izinhlobo zezinhlamvu ze-hip nezinhlamvu ze-semi-rag.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Kuyini ukugqwala ku-facade?
Kwama-Composite Rafters, kudingeka amabhodi amathathu. Kukhona okwesithathu, ububanzi obufanayo bokuqala ababili bokuqala bufana nobude bamabhodi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuhambelani ubude balawa mabhodi amabili, kepha kungena kubo okungenani i-1 m, kepha kuvame ukuthembeke okukhulu, ukuvulwa okunjalo kwenziwa ngengxenye yesithathu yobude babo.
Scheme of Extension Options RAFTERS.
Ngenxa yalokhu, kutholakala unyawo lwe-rafter, ngakolunye uhlangothi oluqukethe ama-plaqu amabili awela ngaphandle komunye, futhi kusuka kolunye uhlangothi, oluphakathi nendawo, eliphakathi nendawo phakathi kwababili bokuqala. Indawo yokuvela kweBhodi phakathi kwalokhu okubili ihlanganiswe lapho itholwe yizipikili noma ama-bolts.
Egebe elisele phakathi kwalawa mapulangwe amabili afakwe kufakwa ekuhlaselweni kweBhodi, ububanzi nokukhulunywa ngokulingana kwebhodi, futhi kunamanzi, ukuhambisana ne-oda lokuqinisa akudingekile. Ubude balawo ma-liners akufanele bube ngaphansi kobubanzi obubili bamabhodi. Faka ama-rafters anje ngebhodi elilodwa lokugijima, futhi kabili - ku-mauerlat.
Kepha namanje ama-raffers ahlanganisiwe aphansi kakhulu ekusonteni ama-rifyles asontekile amandla nokwethembeka. Lolu hlobo lohlelo lwe-rafter lungasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokwesaba ukusebenzisa ophahleni oluhlanganisiwe, kepha nge-Holm ne-semi-rag izinhlobo zophahla, ukusetshenziswa kwazo akudingeki.
Uma kumiswa uphahla, kuyadingeka ukunwebeka ama-rafters, asikho isidingo sokubangela ama-workshop. Lo msebenzi uyakwazi ngokuphelele kumuntu ongaphatha izembe, umthombo ne-chisel. Into esemqoka ukukwenza kangcono, kepha ilungile kunokushesha, kodwa i-ababy kanjani. Futhi-ke uzoba nophahla oluqinile noluthembekile, nokwakha okwenziwe nguwe kuzokusebenzela ngokholo nangeqiniso akuyona incade eyodwa.
Ngikufisela inhlanhla! Uphahla oluthembekile ekhaya lakho!