I-LEDS ye-auto yenze ngokwakho
Abashayeli bezimoto abaningi bangathanda ukufaka esikhundleni ama-bulbs ajwayelekile e-incandescent emotweni ezitolo. Inzuzo yamuva ngokungangabazeki ukusetshenziswa okuphansi okuphansi kwamanje, ukuqina, ukuphuma okukhanyayo okuphezulu, akukho ukufudumeza. Kuhle ukushiya ubukhulu obufakiwe kanye nasekuseni ukuthola ukuthi ibhethri futhi azange licabange ukuphuma. Le ndatshana izosiza esikhundleni sokuzimela esikhundleni sezimoto ezikhanyisiwe kuma-LED ngezandla zakho futhi uvikele amaphutha ajwayelekile.
Into yokuqala okufanele uyifunde ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nenqubo yokufaka esikhundleni: I-LED akuyona isibani esikhanyayo. Qaphela futhi unake, ukulungiswa kwemishini kagesi yemoto ngenxa yezenzo zakho ezingalungile yinto engemnandi. Lokhu, noma kunjalo, akukhathazeki kuphela ama-LEDs, kepha futhi nanoma yiziphi izenzo ezinama-wiring kagesi, noma ngabe kubeka amasiginali amaningi noma amanye amasiginali. Kepha, noma kunjalo, hhayi onkulunkulu bembiza abashise, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi kulokhu okubuyisela okunjalo, noma ngubani onezandla eziqondile angakukhiqiza ngokwawo.
Izikhundla eziphambili okudingeka sizifunde yilezi:
1. I-Voltage kunethiwekhi ye-onboard yemoto. Imvamisa kungu-12 - 13 v ngenjini egxilile no-13 - 14.5 v ngekhomishini.
2. I-voltage etholakalayo ye-LED ejwayelekile ingu-3.5 v. Kuya ngombala, lokhu kungaba: nge-LED ephuzi nebomvu - 2 - 2.5 v.; Ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okotshani, olumhlophe - 3-3.8 V. Okujwayelekile kwamanje kwama-LED aphansi aphansi - ama-20 ma, anamandla - 350 Ma.
3. Akuwona wonke ama-LEDs, ngokungafani nama-Light bulbs, ukhanyisela isikhala ngokwaso. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe lapho kufakwa esikhundleni izibani zesiko, ngokwesibonelo, kudeshibhodi. Lapho uthenga, kufanele unake uhlobo lwama-lens noma, uma ukwazi, buza umthengisi. Ama-LED angenayo anelensi encane ekugcineni. Ngokuvamile, zama ukuyihlola lapho uthenga, futhi kungcono, uthenge futhi uzame okuhlukile.
4. I-LED, njengebhethri, ine-plus ne-minus. Ama-minus abizwa ngokuthi i-cathode, futhi - i-anode, emgqondweni aboniswa kanjena:
QAPHELA! Kufanele uqonde ukuthi vele uthathe bese uvula i-LED kunethiwekhi ebhodini lemoto - kusho ukuthi kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuyayishisa.
Ufuna ukuqiniseka? Thatha futhi uxhume noma iyiphi i-LED eshibhile ngqo kwinethiwekhi ebhodini. Kusuka esimeni esilula, ngokwesibonelo. Uzokhanya kahle futhi abheme :) kodwa uzobona ukuthi inqubo ibukeka kanjani. Ama-LED athandekayo ashisa ngendlela efanayo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqeqesha okushibhile.
Xhuma ama-leds
1. Amaphaneli aholwa athengiswa, okuthiwa amaqoqo, zenzelwe i-12V. Ungamane uzixhumanise nenethiwekhi esebhodini futhi ujabule ngamalambu amahle. Kepha kunesici esingathandeki - lapho izinguquko zenjini ziguquka, ukukhanya kwe-luminisum yama-LEDs kumaqoqo kuzoshintsha. Kancane, kodwa iso elibonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eqinisweni, zijwayelekile kumandla kagesi acishe abe ngu-12.5v, ngakho-ke uma une-voltage ephansi kunethiwekhi ye-onboard, amaqoqo azokhanya. I-Cluster eyakhayo iqukethe uchungechunge lwe-LED kanye nomphikisi. Kuwo wonke ama-LED amathathu, umphikisi ophakamisa amandla amakhulu. Itheyiphu ye-LED ihlelwe ngendlela efanayo, ngakho-ke uma udinga ukusika ucezu - bheka iribhoni, inezindawo lapho zingasikwa khona. Imvamisa lezi yizikhathi ezifanayo ezintathu kanye nokuphikiswa ... lapho kungakwazi ukukusika :)
Isihloko ngesihloko: phansi okufudumele ngaphansi kwama-laminate esitezi sokhuni ngezandla zawo
2. Vula ama-LED ngokulandelana, iketanga, okungukuthi, yenza iqoqo elenziwe ekhaya. Lokho wukuthi, ukuhambisa inani elifunekayo lomunye nomunye, kanye nemiphumela emibili esele - kwinethiwekhi ese-on-board. Sizokwenza iphuzu lokuthi sikhuluma ngama-LED amhlophe. Ama-LEDs ama-voltage ahlukene wemibala ahlukile. Kulula ukubala ukuthi nge-12-14 v kuzodingeka ama-3 LED. Inani, bazonikeza u-3.5x3 = 10.5 V. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-LED ine-plus futhi minus. Ukuxhumeka ngokulandelana kulapho kuhlanganiswa khona okuxhunyiwe nge-minus elandelayo nokunye kuze kube sekupheleni kweketanga.
Kepha abasakwazi ukuxhunywa ngqo, kuyadingeka ukuvula i-voltage ebanzi kuya ecaleni lakho ukuze uvule ubukhulu bama-100-150, onomthamo we-0.5 W. Ama-Resistors athengiswa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sama-radio amateurs.
Le ndlela inenkinga efanayo neyokuqala - ushintsho ekujuleni kokukhanya kwama-LEDs lapho kuguqulwa izinguquko. Okuncane kodwa okungathandeki. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo ungaxhuma noma iyiphi inombolo yama-LED ngokuwaqopha ngamaketanga ama-3 ama-PC. Nge-resistor futhi kufaka phakathi ukufana. Ngokufana, kusho ukuqoqa amaketanga ambalwa afanayo, kanye ne-chain ngayinye ukuxhuma nge-plus yelinye iketanga, minus - nge-minus. Ngokuvamile, ihlelo le-resistor libalwa ngumthetho we-ohm. Kepha uma ungekho ku-freks ngamafomula, sebenzisa umthetho olula: Uma uvula i-1 LED - I-Resistor iyadingeka 500 OHMS, uma amabili anama-ohms angama-150. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukufunda. :) Kepha ukuchitha isigamu sehora ukutadisha ifomula elula, uzofunda ukuthi ungazikhetha kanjani amanani wabaphikisayo, okusho ukuthi ama-LED akho azokhanya ende futhi kahle. Ngiyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awudingi ukuba ngumfundisi, ngizozama ukubola ngokuningiliziwe futhi kuyaqondakala. Uzodinga:
1. Imitha yokungezwani, ithuluzi lamanje nelimelana, ku-Commer "castle" noma "multimeter". Kuthengiswe ezitolo zama-ameasurs omsakazo, izimpahla zikagesi nasezimakethe zaseChina. Izindleko ezivela kuma-ruble angama-50. Ngincoma ukuthenga idijithali, ecacile naye. Le nto ungakhiqiza zonke izilinganiso ezidingekayo, ngaphandle kwalapho, funda imiyalo noma i-athikili "Multimeter" Teapots ".
2. Umthetho we-OHMA wesakhiwo somjikelezo kagesi, okungukuthi, nge-LED yakho kanye nokuphikiswa. R = u / i. Lapho r ukumelana kwe-resistor, u-voltage udinga ukukhokha, mina - okwamanje ecaleni. Okungukuthi, ukuthola ukumelana kokuphikiswa okuqediwe, kudingeka uhlukanise amavoloshi okudingeka uwakhokhela kumanje atholakale.
Cabanga ngesibonelo. Sine-LED elula emhlophe esidinga ukuxhuma kwinethiwekhi ye-onboard yemoto. I-voltage etholakalayo ye-LED enjalo icishe ibe ngu-3.5 v, yamanje - 20 ma.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Kungenzeka yini ukubeka i-linoleum entsha kokudala
1. Kala i-voltage ephuzwini lapho sizoxhuma khona i-LED. Iqiniso ngukuthi ukucindezelwa kunethiwekhi ye-onboard kuhlukile. Ebhetri kungaba volts eziyi-13, naku-cigarete - 13.5, njll. Ngakho-ke, nquma kusengaphambili ukuthi uzoxhuma kuphi. Vula idivaysi kumodi yokulinganisa kagesi nesilinganiso. Ake sithi ngu-13 V. Bhala phansi ephepheni.
2. Susa i-LED Supply Voltage kusuka ku-13v (3.5v). Sithola 9.5 V. Ifomula yamanje ifakwe esikhundleni se-Amperes, e-Ampere 1000 Miliampper, okungukuthi, esimweni sethu, ama-20 Ma - 0.02 A. Usebenzisa iFomula, ukubala ukumelana:
9.5 / 0.02 = 475 OHM.
Ukuze i-resistor ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kulinyazwa, sibala amandla aso. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwandisa i-voltage ukuthi i-resistor isulwe phansi - ama-9,5 volts, okwamanje, adlula kuwo - ama-amps angama-0.02. 9.5x0.02 = 0.19 Watts. Kungcono ukuthatha i-Resistor Resistor - 0.5-1 Watts.
Okungukuthi, kudingeka sitshele umthengisi esitolo somsakazo "ngidinga i-resistor 475 ohm 0.5 noma i-watt eyodwa.". Ungasebenzisa okungokwengeziwe nokuningi, ama-LED acwebezelayo kuphela azofiphala. Kuncane - kuzoqhakaza, kepha kungenzeka angakuthandi.
Ngokuthenga okufunayo, xhuma futhi ujabule :) Ekugcineni uqiniseke ngokunemba kwezibalo, ungalinganisa okwamanje ecaleni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vula i-multimeter kwimodi yokulinganisa yamanje (bheka ukufundiswa kudivayisi) ungene kwigebe phakathi komphikisi kanye ne-LED. Uma umyalo ulahlekile - hhayi inkathazo. Setha i-disk kwilebula "ye-10a", bese ucisha uphenyo olubomvu ungene kwisokhethi ngesiginesha "10a".
Kufanele abonise izigidi ezingama-20 noma ngaphansi. Ukumelana nama-LED kunemibala yamapharamitha, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukwehluka kwamanje ezinhlangothini zombili, kodwa kancane. Uma inani elisuka kwa-15 kuye kwangama-23 ma lijwayelekile. Lapho okwamanje okwamanje, i-LED ekhanyayo icwebezela, kepha isikhathi esincane senkonzo yaso. Ngakho-ke, kuma-LED ajwayelekile, akunconywa ukufaka okukhona njengamanje ngenhla kwama-20 ma, kahle 18M. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhetha ukumelana oyifunayo ukusebenzisa i-restion eguquguqukayo. Kepha sekuvele kube nzima :)
Imininingwane engenhla izovumela ukuxhuma noma iyiphi inombolo yama-LED anamandla nama-LED anamandla, kwanele ukwazi ukucindezelwa kwawo okusebenzayo kanye namanje futhi kubembela bona kwifomula.
Kuyasiza kakhulu ukuxhuma ku-LED ehambisanayo. I-didode ejwayelekile yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-reverse polarity, okungukuthi, i-cathode ye-diode eya ku-anode ye-LED. Lokhu kuzovikela i-LED yakho kusuka ebukhosini obuhle. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezithandekayo zasekhaya.
Okokubona kakhulu :) - umshayeli wokuqala we-LED wezimoto
Imininingwane engaphezulu isebenzela abathandi abathuthukile abasevele balwazi kahle umthetho we-Ohm. Akunamkhawulo ekupheleleni, futhi unokuncane kuphela ukukhanyisa ama-LED - ngifuna ukuthi akhanye ngokulinganayo, akunciki esivinini senjini.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Yini ukulengiswa ekhishini: Mhlawumbe amakhethini wethemu?
Ukuguqulwa okulungile kakhulu kuma-LEDs ngokusebenzisa i-stabilizer yamanje. I-LED iyithuluzi le-semiconductor elinikwa amandla yi-voltage yamanje. Ngakho-ke, uma uzinza futhi ukhawulele ukugeleza kwamanje okugeleza kuyo, ungaxhuma ngisho ne-kilovolt, i-LED izokhanya ngokujwayelekile. Futhi imodi yokusebenza incike ekutheni i-LED izokhanya isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukukhanya. Ukuze aqinise okwamanje, kusetshenziswa amadivayisi, abizwa ngokuthi abashayeli. Umshayeli olula kakhulu umdwebo kwi-LM317 Stabilizer Chip. Inzuzo enkulu yale chip yabaqalayo kunzima kakhulu ukuyishisa :)
Wesaba? Akukho lutho :) Empeleni, izingxenye ezimbili ziyadingeka - i-microcircuit ngokwayo iyindlela yokuqina yamandla kagesi amathathu, esivula imodi yokuqinisa yamanje, kanye ne-resistor. Ukuze ungangeni emcabangweni, izenzo zinjengokulandelayo - thola ukumelana okuguqukayo ngokumelana no-0.5 com. Le yinto enjalo eneziphetho ezintathu nokuhlwa. Njenge-microcircuit, ithengiswa konke "nge-radio amateur" efanayo ngemali ehlekisayo. Kungenzeka ukukhomba kusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwasendlini okungadingekile nhlobo. Sithengisa izintambo esiphethweni esimaphakathi nesinye seyeqiwe, akunandaba. Vula i-Multimeter kwimodi yokulinganisa yokumelana. Sixhuma kwizintambo insiza futhi silinganise ukumelana kwe-resistor. Ukujikeleza kwenduku esiyizuzisa ukufundwa okuphezulu, okungukuthi, ama-500 ohms (noma kunjalo). Lokhu akuyona ukushisa led lapho ukumelana nokumelana kuphansi kakhulu.
Siqoqa uchungechunge. QAPHELA! Bheka ngokucophelela ukuxhumana okulungile ngaphambi kokuxhuma? Kuhlolwe? Ngqo?
Idivayisi iphenduka kwimodi yamanje yokulinganisa. Ukujikeleza kwenjini yokumelana okuguqukayo Sifinyelela ubufakazi bedivayisi 20 ma. Cisha iketanga, ulinganise ukumelana kwe-resistor futhi sifeza ukumelana okujwayelekile nokuphikiswa okufanayo esikhundleni salokho. Voila! Usanda kuqoqa umshayeli wakho we-LED wokuqala :) Kunomkhawulo wamanje ophelele ngaphakathi kwe-1-1.5 a, ngakho-ke lapho uxhuma inani elikhulu le-LEDs: Okokuqala, sebenzisa amandla amakhulu amandla. Okwesibili, thatha i-chip. Uma kushisa - kunengqondo ukuyinamathisela kwi-radiator. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi umzimba wemoto unokuxhumana kukagesi nge- "minus" yebhethri, kanye ne-substrate ye-chip (umzimba) inomlenze wayo wesibili. Ngakho-ke, ukuyibeka emzimbeni ngaphandle kokufaka i-gasket - umbono omubi. Enye i-nuance - i-chip ngokwayo inciphisa amandla aphezulu, angahanjiswa ku-LED, ama-volts amabili noma amathathu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwe-11-12 Volts ongayitholi nalo mshayeli. Kepha kuwumqondo olula nowokuqala wokuxhumana okulungile kwama-LEDs emotweni uzokunika yona :) ngendlela, kwiyunithi efanayo ye-chip + V., okuwusizo kakhulu emotweni. Izinhlelo ezifakiwe kwisethi ye-Intanethi.
Ngokuvamile, uma konke kwenzeka wena - wamukelekile emhlabeni othokozisayo weRadio electronic, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuthi ume ...