Isithombe
Amakhaya amaningi ezakhiwo zaseSoviet anikezwanga i-balcony esitezi sokuqala. Futhi kungukukhulisa okukhulu kwabanikazi befulethi abatholakala ngezansi. Ukuqedela i-loggia - ngaphandle kokuthi iphupho yawo wonke umnikazi wefulethi "olwenziwe kabusha" esitezi sokuqala. Kepha okwamanje akusona esingadingeki. Idivayisi ye-balcony esitezi sokuqala umsebenzi oxazululwa kalula.
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuze ugcwalise ngokusemthethweni i-loggia ukuthola imvume yokwakha.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi, imithetho nemithetho eminingi isishintshile kanye nekhono langempela lokuqeda i-balcony kwisisekelo, noma senze inketho enamathiselwe. Ukuba namakhono amancane okwakha nolwazi lwezigaba eziphambili nezici zokwakhiwa okunjalo, ungakwenza kalula iphupho bese ungeza amamitha adingekayo endaweni yefulethi lakho.
Inketho Emisiwe
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuze ugcwalise ngokusemthethweni i-loggia ukuthola imvume yokwakha. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuvuselelwa kabusha noma ukuhlelwa kabusha kwefulethi kudinga ukuxhumanisa kanye nokuthola izimvume.
Izenzo ezingagunyaziwe zokwakha, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwezakhiwo zokuhlala, kufaka phakathi idivaysi ye-loggias, ukukhiqizwa kabusha, ukwakhiwa kwe-attic, ukuhlela ama-canopies, njalonjalo, akwenqatshelwe ngumthetho.
Inqubo yokuvunywa kwemibhalo ehlukahlukene edingekayo yisikhathi eside.
Ngedivayisi ye-balcony enamathiselwe ngesisekelo, ukwakhiwa kuqala ngokunembile kusuka kudivayisi yayo. Isisekelo sibekwe ekujuleni, kudlula inani elijulile lapho inhlabathi iqhwa khona.
Kepha uma ukwazile, ungaya ngokuphephile kudivayisi.
Ukuthola kalula izimvume, ungaxhumana nochwepheshe abalungiselela futhi baxhumanise imibhalo yephrojekthi.
I-balcony emisiwe yi-glazweng ebekwe ekumisweni komlingiswa we-welded. Ukukhiqizwa kokwakhiwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngochwepheshe ekukhiqizweni. Kubandakanya izingxenye ezimbili - parapet kanye nesisekelo.
Isisekelo somklamo onjalo senziwa emakhoneni (ngensimbi) futhi silungisa odongeni lwendlu (othwala) ngosizo lwama-anchor bolts. Ngokwenziwa kwamapharadi, amakhona nawo asetshenziswa, kepha elinye inani. I-parapet ifakwe esisekelweni futhi inamathiselwe odongeni lwendlu.
Esisekelweni sokwakhiwa, ama-lags enziwe kubha ayalungiswa. Ngaphezulu kufakwa esitezi sePlywood esisalungiswa.
Kufakwe ishidi lensimbi ukuze kwakhiwe i-Welded Ukwakhiwa ngaphansi kwesisekelo ukuqeda amathuba okuba arnison. Ukusuka ngaphandle, i-balcony emisiwe ezungeze i-perimeter ikhishwe yindawo efanele. Ngemuva kokuphothula umsebenzi wokufaka wokwakha, i-balcony igcotshwe neminye imisebenzi yokuqeda.
Ukuqala kokwakha
Isandiso singatholakala maqondana newindi egumbini elilodwa noma eziningana.
Ngedivayisi ye-balcony enamathiselwe ngesisekelo, ukwakhiwa kuqala ngokunembile kusuka kudivayisi yayo. Isisekelo sibekwe ekujuleni, kudlula inani elijulile lapho inhlabathi iqhwa khona.
Isihloko ngesihloko: ugqoko wokuqala osuka ebhodini le-parquet ngezandla zabo (isithombe, isigaba se-master)
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile liyinkomba yezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Phezu kokudlula okungu-1.5 m, ukubekwa kweSisekelo akwenziwanga ngaphezu kwama-50 cm. Uma umhlabathi ubuningi, isisekelo sitholakala ekujuleni kwezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Kuya ngokubekwa kwesakhiwo, iphrojekthi yenziwa. Isandiso singatholakala maqondana newindi egumbini elilodwa noma eziningana. Ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa bungabangejwayelekile futhi budlula, noma bube ngaphansi kwe-balcony ejwayelekile.
Enye yezindonga ze-balcony kuzoba udonga lwendlu, yingakho kunesidingo sokuhlangana ngokwanele kwesisekelo sokwakhiwa kwendlu. Ukuze kwenziwe uphawu lwesisekelo esizayo, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi alandelayo:
Isikimu sokumaka ngaphansi kwesisekelo: 1) Ngaphandle kwamapulangwe; 2) intambo; 3) Amapayipi; 4) izinga.
- izikhonkwane;
- amabhodi;
- intambo;
- izipikili;
- ICorolnic;
- upende.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ungathenga nethuluzi lokuhleleka ngokujwayelekile:
- Izinga;
- roulette;
- ukumba;
- isikulufa;
- isando nezipikili;
- Ukulala;
- hacksaw.
Sebenza kwi-markuup
Yenziwe ngendlela elandelayo:
- Okokuqala indawo indawo enzelwe isisekelo usebenzisa intambo nesikwele.
- Hlola uphawu ngokuqhathanisa ama-engeli kanye ne-diagonals (ubude bawo) kunxande. Isebenzisa amalahle.
- Ama-axses odongeni kufanele aqashelwe kusetshenziswa ama-PEGS, bese ukondla amabhodi ngaphezu kwezinga lenhlabathi.
- Emabhodini udinga ukuvikela intambo futhi ufeze ukungezwani kwayo, ubheka ukunemba kwezimbazo.
- Isinyathelo esilandelayo - odongeni lwendlu kuyadingeka ukufaka iveni usebenzisa upende ongathandeki.
- Amaphuzu wezipikili ezindaweni zokuxhuma.
- Susa intambo bese uqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi we-Earthwork.
Yebo, uma uqeda isisekelo (kusuka ngaphandle) ngesitayela esifanayo nokuqedwa kwendlu. Kungaba udaka lokuhlobisa noma ukungcola ngethayela lamatshe.
Manje cabanga ngamanye ama-nuances wedivayisi eyisisekelo. Ukuze wakhe i-balcony esitezi sokuqala, amabhlokhi ajwayelekile aqinisiwe aqiniswa kakhulu asetshenziswa kakhulu.
Isandiso, ngokunembile, isisekelo saso asithathi imithwalo esindayo, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa amabhlokhi amancane anosayizi we-2400x60x30. Ukuphakama kwesisekelo kuyafana nokuphakama kwesisekelo sendlu.
Yebo, uma uqeda isisekelo (kusuka ngaphandle) ngesitayela esifanayo nokuqedwa kwendlu. Kungaba udaka lokuhlobisa noma ukungcola ngethayela lamatshe.
Uma kunesidingo sokuhlukanisa i-loggia kusuka ekungeneni kwamanzi asemhlabathini, khona-ke i-rubreroid (noma kuphela) ngezingqimba ezimbili ingasetshenziswa njengokungena kwamanzi ngaphambi kokugcwala ingxenye yesandiso.
Kepha kuvulandi nokuba khona kwesitezi esingaphansi, ukunika amanzi kuyadingeka ezigabeni ezimbili. Isendlalelo sokuqala sizotholakala ngama-20 cm ngaphezulu kwezinga lenhlabathi noma ingxenye engenhla yesigcawu (uma isisekelo siyisitini noma itshe), ungqimba lwesibili luphambi kokugcwala.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Izindlela zemishini kanye ne-Hanging Roafters
Uma uhlela idivaysi yokhuni ephansi kuvulandi, khona-ke ubona ukuthi ungqimba olungaphezulu lokungena kwamanzi kufanele lube ngu-20 cm ngaphansi kwezinto zokhuni.
Ngenhla
Imvamisa ukuze unqanyule i-loggia esitezi sokuqala, kuqiniswe amapuleti ukhonkolo wesampula elijwayelekile, ubude bawo buhlukahluka kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-6 m, futhi ububanzi busuka ku-120 kuya ku-18 kuye ku-180 cm.
Lokhu kudlula kudlala indima yomibili phansi ekwengezelweni. Ukufakwa kwepuleti ekhonkolo eqinisiwe kwenzeka odongeni lwendlu.
- Ungakhohlwa nge-nuance enjalo. Ukwenza ukufakwa kwama-slabs ekhonkolo aqinisiwe, kufakwa ngendlela yokuthi ukuqiniswa kusendaweni efanele. Lapho isitofu sibhekene nezinga elikhulu kakhulu lokungezwani ngesikhathi sokunwebeka: Ezitezi - kusuka ezansi, ngokududuza - kusuka phezulu.
Ngokuqondene nokwakhiwa kwezindonga, usayizi we-chain masonry uvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Iqinisekisa ngokuthembekile ukugqoka kwemishini futhi inyusa izinga lamandla we-balcony.
Ikholomu lokunamathisela kumele lenziwe ngobukhulu obunodonga oluthembekile ukuze ubekezelele kalula umthwalo we-balcony enamathiselwe esitezi sesibili.
Inketho efanelekayo kakhulu yalokhu izoba ngumsebenzi wezitini, ubukhulu bawo okungenani ama-25 cm. Futhi ukuphakama kodonga olunjalo akunconywa ukwenza ngaphansi kwendawo yamapuleti amawindi ekhaya.
Ngokuphakama kwezindonga eziseceleni, kungahluka. Inketho enhle kakhulu kuzoba ukuphakama okulingana nokuphakama kwalo lonke isandiso. Ngalesi uyaziqeda kusuka enganeniwe nomakhelwane, uma bafuna ukuhlomisa i-balcony phezu kokunwetshwa kwakho.
Udonga lobuso luhlala lukhululekile ukugcwala okuzayo. Ibhali elikhulu elinjalo likhumbuza ukubukeka kwe-loggia. Kungumklamo ongcono kakhulu osetshenziswa njengokubhidlizwa kwamapuleti kakhonkolo aqinisiwe wesampula evamile.
Uma ufuna ukwenza izinhlangothi ezihlabezelayo kanye nezinhlangothi zombili, lapho-ke ukugqagqana, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinkuni, kanye nokuqukethwe kophahla.
Ukuze enze inqumo yangaphandle yezindonga ze-balcony ezisezinhlangothini nakwingxenye yangaphambili, udinga ukusebenzisa okuqukethwe okungaphuli isitayela sokubhekana nesakhiwo sonke.
Ngokuqondene nokwakhiwa kwezindonga, usayizi we-chain masonry uvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Iqinisekisa ngokuthembekile ukugqoka kwemishini futhi inyusa izinga lamandla we-balcony. Uma omakhelwane bexazululwa ngaphezulu ukwakha i-balcony phezu kwakho, khona-ke ukubekwa okunjalo kuzokwenza umsebenzi wesisekelo esithembekile.
Ukuhlelwa kophahla
Lapho idivaysi yophahla idinga ukwenza isitoko esihle samanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amanzi azoqongelela ophahleni lwe-balcony.
Yiziphi izinto ezingasetshenziswa njengophahla ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kwe-balcony-extension? Futhi kanjani ukwenza kahle umsebenzi wophahla?
Isihloko ngesihloko: Kuyinto elula kanjani futhi ishesha ukudlulisa ipulangwe?
Ukuze ufeze umsebenzi wophahla, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-Runneoid (izingqimba ezimbili), ezihlanganiswe ne-bitumen mastic (eshisayo), noma usebenzise i-ceramzite ukhonkolo njengophahla lwayo oluqondile, olungezelela umsebenzi walo oluqondile nalo lwenza umsebenzi we ukufakwa.
Ophahleni lwezinto ezibonakalayo, kuyadingeka ukwakha uhlaka lokhuni, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ngomthambeka ngaphandle.
Lapho idivaysi yophahla idinga ukwenza isitoko esihle samanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amanzi azoqongelela ophahleni.
Ukuze uyisebenzise, ungakhohlwa ngomthambeka ngaphandle. Lapho kuhlangana khona impahla yophahla nodonga lwendlu, uphahla lugobekile futhi lugxile ngokuqinile esweni elingaphezulu endaweni ephakeme nge-10 cm (ingaba ngaphezulu).
Ukufakwa kokufakwa, uphahla olwengeziwe lwe-balcony lungasetshenziswa ngoboya bezimbiwa ababunjiwe obubekwe esikhaleni phakathi kwezingxenye zokhuni zophahla. Esikhundleni soboya obunamaminerali, i-clamzit ingasetshenziswa noma ezinye izinto ezinezinto zokufaka okushisayo.
Isigaba esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-balcony ukufaka umnyango we-balcony newindi. Le yingxenye enzima kunazo zonke yokwakhiwa kwe-balcony-extension.
Isithiyo kulesi sigaba singenza ama-radiator wokushisa ngamapayipi atholwe kuwo enza umsebenzi wokushisa kwekamelo. Nakekela kusengaphambili ngokuxazulula le nkinga.
Ukuze uphume kuvulandi onamathiselwe, udinga ukudiliza iwindi nefasitela. Bese uhlakaza ingxenye yodonga lwendlu ngalo mnyango kusuka ku-sill sill kuze kube phansi.
Ingxenye ehlukanisiwe ihambelana nobubanzi bomnyango kuvulandi kanye nebhokisi. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukubekwa komnyango we-balcony ekuvulekeni kufanele kube mnene. Ngemuva kokufaka, kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi ekuvaleni ukubekwa uphawu (ukuvuselelwa) kwezikhala, nangaphezulu kwegebe izindawo ukufaka igama lesidlaliso.
Enye i-nuance. Ukuvula umnyango we-balcony kunoma yiliphi icala kufanele kwenziwe yigumbi. Kusuka kuhlobo lwesandiso akuncikile.
Umsebenzi wokuqeda
Umsebenzi wokugcina ungabangelwa ukufakwa kwefasitela lill egumbini, uthobelwa kuvulandi, imibundu eyenziwe ngokhuni nasefulethini nasekupheleni. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungaqhubekela esigabeni sokugcina sokwakha - ukuheha nokuhlobisa okungaphakathi.
Ungabeki iqiniso lokuthi ukunwetshwa esitezi sokuqala kuzothatha okungenani isikhathi esincane.
Kusuka kwikhono lakho nangesifiso sakho, kanye nekhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwe-balcony, kuzoncika ngesikhathi esichithwe ekwakheni. Ukuze wakhe i-balcony, ngokwesilinganiso, uzodinga inyanga eyodwa, ungaphansi.
Musa ukuphelelwa yithemba, ngoba uma ungumnikazi ojabulayo wefulethi ngaphandle kwe-balcony, kusho ukuthi usuvele ulinde isikhathi eside. Futhi sebenza ekwakhiweni kwe-balcony, esetshenziswa inyanga eyodwa kuphela, ngeke ikunikeze ama-chagrins amahle.
