I-Mauerlat ingenye yezinto eziphambili zokwakhiwa kophahla. Iboshwe ukunamathisela ama-rafters. Isikhathi sokusebenza sophahla lonke sincike ekwakhiweni okufanele komklamo we-rafter.
Ama-node amahle afakwe ku-run ne-mauerlat.
Izindlela eziyisisekelo zokusekela ama-rafters
Kunobuchwepheshe obuningana bokusekelwa obubhalwe kuMauerlat. Ungenza ukulungiswa okuqinile kwesakhiwo. Akuvumeli noma yikuphi ukuguquka konyawo lwe-rafter. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-liner bar, sibonga lapho ukwehla kwe-rafter kuvinjelwe endaweni yezethenjwa, namakona ensimbi aqeda noma imuphi umklamo we-shift ohlangothini.Ukuxhumana okushukumisayo konyawo lwe-rafter kusetshenziswa ezindlini zokhuni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, into esemqoka yokuma kwayo ngumqhele ophezulu, hhayi i-mauerlat. Ukuvimbela ukulimala ophahleni, ifindo lokusekelwa lenziwa likhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ukwesekwa okushelelayo, okuthi, lapho kuncipha, ilogo ifakwa ngaphansi komhlahlandlela onyaweni.
I-node yokusekelwa eshelelayo ingenziwa ngobunye ubuchwepheshe. Emaphethelweni, kwenziwa, okufanele kuthathwe ku-wand ephezulu. Ukulungisa imishayo, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa noma yimuphi ama-fasteners: amabakaki, izipikili noma amapuleti ensimbi.
I-Fasteners yokufaka umsebenzi
Umhlangano wokukhuphuka okhulayo ku-Mauerlat diagonal rafting umlenze.
Ukuze uxhumane nekhwalithi ephezulu yokuxhumanisa ama-rafters nge-mauerlat, uzodinga izinto zokwakha namathuluzi afana:
- ibha eyomile;
- amabhodi;
- izembe;
- hacksaw;
- isando;
- ummese;
- roulette;
- I-Plumb;
- Izinga;
- isikulufa;
- ukumba;
- IsiBulgaria.
Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe phambi kwama-fasteners. Ukulungiswa kwama-beam Consoles kwenzeka ngamabakaki e-galvanized ensimbi, anganciphisi umthamo wokuphamba kwesakhiwo. Amabakaki emishameni akudingi ukushumeka.
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Udinga ukuthenga futhi ungene nge-tape ekhuphukayo, ezoqinisa ama-maurolalat node. Ngosizo lwayo, ukuxhumeka okuqinile kwazo zonke izinto zesakhiwo kwenziwa. Iteyipu futhi ayishabalali emishameni. Ngokulungiswa kwayo okuthembekile, izipikili nezikulufo zokuzishaya zisetshenzisiwe.
Ngaphezu kwamabakaki kanye ne-tepi ehlanganisiwe, ukwenza ukwesekwa okuthembekile, ama-rafter kufanele athengwe kuMauerlat:
Uhlelo lwama-rolling mafters.
- Izixhumi zebha ye-Universal;
- ama-fasteners ama-rafters;
- ukuxhaswa kwempahla;
- i-wire-rod;
- amakhona ensimbi;
- ama-fasteners aqandayo;
- Isikulufa sokuzishaya;
- izipikili;
- kubakaki;
- amapuleti;
- izipikili ezihlangene;
- Izikopelo ezinama-washers namantongomane;
- ama-anchor bolts.
Ukudala i-skate nokubeka phansi kwe-rafted
Umsebenzi okhuphukayo uqala ngengxenye ye-skunk yokwakhiwa kophahla. Ama-rafter akhuphukayo angenziwa ngenye yezindlela ezintathu:
- UJack;
- kugijime;
- Ubuva.
I-jack design ifaka ukusika ingxenye engenhla yesigaxa. Lokhu kwenziwa engela, elilingana nokuthambekela komthambeka ophahleni. I-pair yonyawo isesitayeleni. Ukuthola i-node yokusekelwa efanayo, izinto ze-maurolalat kufanele zisetshenziswe yithempulethi eqediwe.
Isici sama-raftioners ahleliwe ekugijimeni kukhona ubukhona bogongolo lwe-skunk. Le ndlela yokuhlelwa kwe-mauerlat ibonakala ngokwethembeka ngokwengeziwe. Kepha imvamisa uhlelo olusekelayo lwama-rafting lubandakanya ukufakwa kwezinhlaka ezengeziwe zezinkomba, ezizonciphisa ukusebenza kwe-attic. Ngokwemvelo, le ndlela ayilungele ophahleni oluncane.
Ama-Spelling Spelling RAFTERS odongeni nge-armophoyas.
Ubuchwepheshe obukhuphukile be-Vanzlest obunjiwe bufana kakhulu nokufakwa kwabo ku-skate run. Umehluko omkhulu yingxenye yenhlamvu yemilenze yenzeka. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhiweni okuqinile kwesakhiwo, ngoba izikopelo zibamba izinto ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukuxhumeka kwemikhawulo engezansi ye-rafter kwenziwa ngokuya ngezinto ezibonakalayo zokwakhiwa kwezindonga. Lapho ebukhona bokwakha indlu, ukuphambuka kodonga kungasebenza njengento esekelayo. Uma kusetshenziswe amabhlokhi wegwebu (noma ukhonkolo olwenziwe kahle) ngesikhathi kwakhiwa indlu, khona-ke ukusekelwa kwe-rafter kwakhiqizwa kuMauerlat.
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Idivaysi yebhande ekhonkolo eliqinisiwe liyisixazululo esifanele esimweni sokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha ama-masonry. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo abunikezi ngokwakha noma yiziphi izindlela zokulungisa uhlelo lwe-rafter. Ibheke ngokuqondile ama-anchor bolts avela njengezinto ezisheshayo. Into esemqoka ukuthi ngokuthululwa kwesixazululo sikakhonkolo, ama-studs atholakala endaweni eqondile.
Ukuxhumana kufakwe imishayo kanye ne-mauerlat
Ngemuva kokulungisa ingxenye engenhla nephansi ye-rafter, kufanele ilungiswe imishayo. Kuyacaca ukuthi ungaxhuma ama-Rafters ngogongolo nje izipikili. Kepha akusona isixazululo esihle kunazo zonke. Ukusondelwa okunjalo ngeke kuthembeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuvimbela ukwehla kwazo zonke izinto, ukulungiswa kokwakheka kwe-rafter ku-beams kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa i- "Spike" kanye "nezinyo".
Ekhoneni lesigaxa sophahla oluthutha (ngaphezu kwe-35º), abukho ubuchwepheshe obunezinyo elilodwa. Engxenyeni engezansi yesigaxa, kwenziwa izinyo ngesikebhe. Izidleke ezakhiwe ngogongolo kufanele zibe nokujula ezingeni lama-30% obukhulu bogongolo. Idivaysi yezakhi ze-rafter yenziwa kude kude ne-0.3-0.4 m kusuka engxenyeni eyeqisayo yogongolo. Lokhu kuvimbela ukubonakala kwama-chips wemishayo okuvela kumthwalo omkhulu kusuka ekucindezelweni kwemilenze.
Isikimu esiqinisa ihlukaniswe nge-subproof eyengeziwe.
Lapho ulungisa uphahla ngokuthambekela ku-35º, isethi yama-rafters yenziwa ngokwandisa indawo ebonakalayo yezinto eziphambili zesakhiwo. Imvamisa, umlenze osheshayo ugcwele ugongolo. Kuze kube manje, izimbobo zamazinyo amabili zisikwa ezinyaweni ze-rafter:
- spike ngokugxila;
- Okunye ukugcizelelwa.
Ukujula kwe-Dropper lapho kulungiswa ama-rafter ku-beam kungakapheli ama-30% wobukhulu bomculo.
Ukuxhumana okwengeziwe okufanele kutholakale uma usebenzisa ama-bolts noma ama-clamp. Ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezicucu zocingo, ngosizo lapho i-node ilungiselelwe khona kuma-anchor bolts akhiwe odongeni lwasedongeni.
I-Maurylalat iyindlela evame kakhulu yokulungisa phansi kwe-rafted. Ku-rafter unyawo, ukunqunywa kwalesi silinganiselo kwenziwa ukuze kufakwe i-mauerlat ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kophahla, kuvela ibha.
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Kwezinye izimo, iMauerlat kumele "ifakwe" amanothi abukeki. Kuya ngesihlahla sokhuni, lapho kwenziwa khona izingodo. Uma izinkuni ze-hardwood zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwazo, kwakhiwa i-slot, okuhambisana ne-sling yeRafter izokwakha into ekhiyiwe. Ekwenziweni kwesifo somuthi wesigaxa, ukusikwa ngeke kudingeke, ngoba kuzoholela ekubalekeni kwesakhiwo.
Inketho eyamukelekayo kakhulu ye-mauerlat iyinhlangano eqinile yohlelo lwe-rafter.
Ubuchwepheshe bokubeka uhlelo lwe-rafter ku-mauerlat.
Lobu buchwepheshe bungenziwa ngenye yezindlela ezimbili:
- Ngosizo lwemigoqo ehlanganisiwe namakhona enziwe ngensimbi;
- Ngocingo, izihlambi kuma-rafters.
Inketho yokuqala ilele eqinisweni lokuthi ukubeka i-rafter kuya eMauerlat isebenzisa uthango lwezithuthi. Kwenza ukusekelwa okuqinile konyawo lwe-rafter. Ukulungiswa okuthembekile komklamo kwenziwa ngamakhona wensimbi. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-cross-shift.
Inketho yesibili ithandwa kakhulu. Nge-fasteners, kusetshenziswa izipikili, ezithunyelwa komunye nomunye futhi zivalekile engela. Izipikili ezimbili ezivalekile ziwela. Emva kwalokho, esinye isipikili siyaqhutshwa. Isipikili sesithathu kufanele sibe sesimweni esithe mpo. Umhlangano onamathele uzobonakala ngokuqina okukhulu, uma wenza ukubopha okungeziwe ngocingo lwe-wire-rod.