Ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, okokuqala, kufaka phakathi isigaba sokudlula isigaxa sokwelashwa kwendle ezitshalweni nasedolobheni. I-lag yamanzi ehlanza amanzi kuphela ukusuka ekumisweni okukhulu okufakwe phansi, ekubeni nzima kunamanzi. Kepha ungaba kanjani nalezo zinhlayiya ezilula ngaphezu kwamanzi futhi azivezwanga ukuhanjiswa kwezulu? Kunendlela yokwabiwa kanye nokungcola okunjalo okuyinkimbinkimbi, okubizwa ngokuthi i-flotation.
Ukuhlanzwa kwe-flotation kusetshenziswa njengenye yezinyathelo zokwelashwa kwendle ezivela ekungcoleni okunjalo.
Funda kabanzi nge-flotation
I-Flotation ingenye yezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ngokoqobo igama elithi "flotation" (Eng. Flotation) lihumusha njengoba "Ukubhukuda ebusweni bamanzi" Ngakho-ke, kukhumbuza igama lemikhumbi. Kepha uma sikhuluma ngokuhlanza nge-flotation, inhloso yaso ukuletha ukumiswa okuhlukile ebusweni nezinye izinto ezinamanzi asondelene namanzi futhi awakwazi ukuhlala.Ngobukhulu bamanzi, izinhlayiya ezihlukene ezincane eziqinile zintanta, ukumiswa kwe-colloid nokunye ukungcola okungahlali. I-Flotation isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile avela kuma-surfactants, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, amafutha, izinto ze-fibrous futhi amisiwe il. Futhi, inqubo ye-flotation ngohlobo lokuhlukaniswa kwe-foam iyakwazi ukususa ezinye izinto ezincibilikisiwe emanzini.
Imithetho ye-flotage ebonakalayo neyamakhemikhali
Ukwakheka kwe-flotation kokuhlanza izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-physico-yamakhemikhali. Ithathwa njengomqondo wokuxaka, okungukuthi, ikhono ngalinye lezinto ezithile ezimanzi. Leli khono linquma ngokuqondile nokuziphatha kwalezi zinhlanganisela emngceleni wokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba soketshezi negesi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinto:
- Hydrophilic - Ibonakala ngekhono elihle lokumanzisa;
- Hydrophobic - Kuchithiwe.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lolu hlobo lolu hlobo lwendaba, lususwe kahle kusetshenziswa ukuhlanzwa kwe-flotation noma, kunalokho, akunakuhlekiswa ukwahlukanisa ngale ndlela.
Izinyathelo ze-flotation
Inqubo ye-flotation ayigcini ngokuqonda, ingaba Chaza kanjena:
Emanzini afakwa ekuhlanzeni anikezwa umoya ohlakazekile;
- Izinhlayiya ze-Hydrophobic ziphuthunyiswe emabhukwini amoya;
- Kancane kancane yehla futhi yephule ungqimba lwamanzi, ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ze-hydrophobic kanye nama-bubble omoya. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi amandla adonsela ama-molecule wamanzi komunye nomunye kunamathela ngaphezulu phakathi kwamanzi nalezi zinhlayiya;
- Inhlamba yokugcwala yama-bubble amoya kanye nezinhlayiya ze-hydrophobic yakhiwa, okufana negwebu;
- Le nkambiso edonsa kanzima ebusweni bamanzi angcolile, ngoba kulula ngohlelo lwe-heterogeneous lapho itholakala khona.
Ngenxa yalokho, into yegwebu yakhiwa ebusweni bamanzi. I-foam ephumela isuswa yidivaysi ekhethekile - lo ngumkhiqizo wokukhubazeka wokuvula noma i-sludge yokugcina.
Ukusebenza ngenqubo ye-flotation
Lezo zinto noma ezinye izinto zinganciphisa noma zikhulise ukusebenza kahle kwe-flotation njengendlela yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ithonya Elibaluleke Kakhulu Izici ezinikezwe ngezansi:
Izinga le-hydrophobicity lezinhlayiya. Lapho ephakeme nge-hydrophobicity yezinhlayiya zento, zingena ngentshiseko ekuxhumaneni nama-bubble amoya, akha izakhiwo ezibalulekile zethanga. Ngokusobala, akukhona konke ukungcola okuyi-hydrophopobic ngokuphelele, kukhona nezinto ze-hydrophilic. Futhi abanye banesakhiwo esinezindlela ezimbili, equkethe amaqembu we-hydrophobic nama-hydrophilic. Ukuze wandise i-hydrophobicity yokungcola kokungcolisa amanzi, izengezo ezikhethekile ze-flotizing noma ama-reagents afakiwe kuso;
- Usayizi namandla ama-bubble foam. Inqubo ye-flotation kufanele yakhe ama-bubble ka-Air alesi size ukuze avukele ebusweni bamanzi. Kepha ama-bubble amakhulu kakhulu azovela ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngaphandle kokuba nesikhathi sokubamba izinhlayiyazane zokungcola ukungcoliswa kwezimpova. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la mabhu Bubble kufanele abe namandla, abe namaphesenti amancane okulahleka ngenxa yokubhujiswa;
- I-foaming efanayo. Isici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-flotation ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwama-bubble omoya emanzini nenombolo yawo ephelele.
Lezi zinto zingathinta Ngosizo lwe-reagents ekhethekile lokho kuzochazwa ngezansi.
Ama-reagents ukuthuthukisa ukugcwala
Njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, ukugcwala kuncike kwikhwalithi yamagwebu kanye ne-hydrophophobicity yezinhlayiya. Kunezengezo ezikhethekile okuhloswe ngazo ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yegwebu nokwandisa i-hydrophopobicity of ukungcola. Ama-Reagents angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili aphambili:- Abaqoqi;
- Ama-foaming agents.
Abaqoqi beReagents
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokungcola lunezinhlayiyana ezinezimpawu eziphindwe kabili ezinengxenye ye-hydrophobic nengxenye yamaqembu ama-hydrophilic. Ikhono labo elimanzi alwanele ngokubopha ngama-bubble amoya, ngakho-ke flotation ayisebenzi. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, okubizwa nge-gathet izengezo zengezwa ku-drain, nakho okubuye kube nesakhiwo esiphindwe kabili esihlanganisa amaqembu we-hydrophilic (Polar) kanye neHydrophobic (non-Polar). Iziphetho zePolar Hydrophilic of the Politant futhi abaqoqi baphuphuthekiswa omunye komunye, futhi iziphetho ze-hydrophobic zihlala zikhululekile.
Abaqoqi ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-flotation Ama-Surfactants:
- Usawoti we-ammonium;
- Imikhiqizo kaPetroleum;
- Amafutha;
- IMernPtan
Ama-reagents ama-foaming agents
Ikhwalithi yenhlawulo idlala enye yezindima ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-inthanethi. Kuneqembu lezengezo okuhloswe ngalo ukuthuthukisa amagwebu. Zivikela ama-bubble omoya ekubhujisweni, kubenze banwebe futhi bazinze kakhulu i-foam mass. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukususa ukungcola okuningi kusuka emanzini angcolile. Abaqiniswayo abanjalo for Foam yile:
- Uwoyela wephayini;
- Cresol;
- Ama-Phenols nezinye izinto eziningi
Izinhlobo zokuhlanzwa kwe-flotation kwamanzi angawadobi
Inqubo ye-flotation ichazwa kafushane njengokugcwaliswa kwamanzi angcolile nomoya ngokuhlakazeka kwayo. Okungukuthi, umsebenzi oyinhloko we-flotation uqukethe ukuthola ama-bubble we-diameter oyifunayo ebuqisweni bamanzi angcolile. Lokhu kwenziwa kanjani ngqo ngezansi.
Ukukhetha ama-Bubble Air
Ukuqokomisa ama-Bubble Air kusuka kusixazululo, sebenzisa Cindezela kanye ne-vacuum flotation . Ingcindezi yokucindezela umjovo womoya, bese ukwehla okubukhali kwengcindezi ohlelweni, okuvusa ukukhishwa kwesisindo se-bubble ekushiseni kwamanzi.
I-Vacuum Flotation ifana nengcindezi, kepha yenziwa ngendlela ehlukile. Isigaba sokuqala ukudlula kwamanzi ngegumbi le-aeration, lapho kugcwele khona nomoya. Emva kwalokho, kungena ekwakhiweni, lapho kususwa khona umoya ongakhethi. Isinyathelo sokugcina ukudlula kwegumbi le-flotation, lapho ingcindezi incipha, okubangela ukwakheka okusheshayo kwama-bubble.
Ngalezo zindlela, kususwe ngempumelelo kakhulu Ukungcola okuhle.
Ukudluliswa komoya ngokusebenzisa izinto ze-porous
Lesi ngesinye sezindlela ezilula kusuka endaweni yokubuka i-physics ukuthola i-airflow ehlakazekile. Ngaphambi kokungena emoyeni ku-Wand Tetewater, kudluliswa ngezinto zokwenziwa ngama-pores, njengamapuleti anama-sluts. Ububanzi bama-bubble bulawulwa ngosayizi wedatha ye-pore.I-electrolysis flotation
Le ndlela ifakwe ngokubeka ama-electrodes amabili lapho kuvunyelwe khona amanje. Ngesikhathi se-electrolysis, amanzi azungeze ama-electrodes ahlukaniswe ngama-bubble we-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-electrodes: I-Aluminium ne-Iron. Lezi zinsimbi ziqokonyiswa kuma-coaculants wamanzi abopha ukumiswa futhi ajike Ngokufana kwama-flakes . Lawa ma-flakes axhumeke kuma-bubble amoya ahambe phezu kwamanzi angcolile ngendlela yegwebu.
Ukuhlakazeka Kwemishini
Ngokungeziwe ekwakhekeni kwama-bubble amoya emanzini usebenzisa ushintsho lokucindezela, izindlela zemishini ziyasebenza. Kulokhu, kukhona nezindlela ezimbalwa:
Ukufakwa okungekho
Uqinisa isisindo esinamanzi usebenzisa i-turbine. Kulokhu, ama-bubble amancane, alungele ukususa imikhiqizo namafutha kaphethiloli. Ijubane le-turbine likuvumela ukuthi uguqule usayizi wama-bubble - phezulu ijubane, ububanzi obuncane bamabhubhu akhiwe;- Ukugcwala okungeyona mahhala emele ukusetshenziswa kwesondo elixhumeke kwipompo ye-centrifugal. Ama-Bubble atholakala ngenxa yale nqubo, enkulu futhi efanelekile ukususa amafutha, izinhlayiya ezijabulisayo, njenge, ngokwesibonelo, uboya;
- Ukugcwala kwe-pneumatic Kwenziwa ngomoya ogcwele umoya ngokusebenzisa ama-nozzles amapayipi abekwe phansi kwegumbi. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza i-anfluents enolaka engalimaza izilungiselelo ze-flotation - impeller nesondo.
Ama-Bubble kulezi zindlela ezintathu akhiwa ngenxa yenqubo ye-vortex, eshukunyiswa ngokuvusa.
I-Flotation - Izinzuzo nokubi kwendlela
Namuhla, i-flotation ingenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zamanzi amdaka. Isebenzisa nezindawo zokuhlanza izimboni kanye nasedolobheni. Isizathu salokhu sisebenzela izici eziningi ezikhuluma ngokuthanda ukugcwala.
Izinzuzo zokuhlanzwa kwe-flotation:
Izindleko eziphansi zendlela yokuhlanza esetshenzisiwe;
- Imishini elula;
- Indlela enjalo yokumiswa okusheshayo ishesha kakhulu kunejubane lokuxazululwa kwalo lapho livikela;
- Ukuhlukaniswa namanzi angcolile okungcola okuthile, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo kaphethiloli;
- Enqubweni ye-flotation, lapho kuhlala khona i-sludge enokuqukethwe kwamanzi okuphansi (ukulahleka kwamanzi okuncane).
Vele, njenganoma iyiphi indlela, i-flotation ixhumeke ngamaphuzu athile amabi.
Okubi kokuhlanzwa kwe-flotation:
- Isusa kude nabo bonke abangcoliso, ngoba ukusebenza kwayo kuncike kwi-hydrophobicity yento;
- Ngokuvamile kudingekile ukuthwala izindleko ezingezekile zokwethula ama-realents, athuthukisa ikhwalithi yegwebu futhi athuthukise i-hydrophopobicity of poursutant;
- Uhlobo ngalunye lokungcola, udinga indlela yakho, ngakho-ke ayikho indlela yendawo yonke yokususa konke ukumiswa.
Iziphetho Ngokuhamba Nge-Flotation
Akunandaba noma ngabe izinzuzo zingabanjiswa kangakanani, akuyona ukwelashwa kwamanzi okuzimele nokugcina. Lesi ngesinye sezigaba zenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekuvumela ukuthi ususe iningi lezinto ezingafuneki emanzini. Ukuhlanza kwe-Flotation kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine amanzi kusuka kumikhiqizo kaphethiloli namafutha angenakususwa ngezinye izindlela, kanye nezinto ze-fibrous zamanzi angcolile. Imvamisa, ukuhlanza kwe-flotation kusetshenziswa ngemuva kwezigaba ze-septic ukususa lezo zinto ezingekho ngaphansi kwezulu.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungayibeka kanjani phansi ngaphansi kwe-Linoleum Faferu?