Namuhla, ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokuhlala esizimele noma indawo yokuhlala ezweni akuvamile izindleko ngaphandle kwezitezi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, futhi ukwakheka okunjalo kusho ukwakhiwa okusemqoka kwezitebhisi ukuguquka kusuka kwelinye izinga kuya kwelinye. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthathwa kwecala, kuyadingeka ukufeza ukubalwa okulungile kwezitebhisi kuze kube sesitezi sesibili. Kulokhu, awukwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kolwazi lokuqala lobuchwepheshe, amandla okuphatha amathuluzi okulinganisa namakhono okudweba, ukuphindaphindwa kanye nokwengeze.
Ukubalwa kwezitebhisi
Imfihlo enkulu kwinqubo enzima yedivaysi yokushintsha kusuka phansi kuya phansi phansi - hhayi kangako ukwakhiwa njengoba wazi ukuthi ubala izitebhisi. Ukukhiqiza ukubalwa okulungile, akwanele ukuqondiswa umbono wokuthi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kuzobukeka kanjani, futhi nomaphi lapho kungathanda ukubona umnikazi wokwakha.
Nakhu okufanele ukwenze kusengaphambili:
- Nquma endaweni yendawo yezitebhisi futhi ulungiselele ukuvulwa ophahleni esakhiweni sokwakha;
- Nquma ukuthi ngabe izitebhisi zizonikwa ngokhuni noma zithandwa ezinye izinto;
- Nquma ukuthi ukwakheka kuzoba noMashi owodwa noma ukuphakama kophahla kanye nendawo yegumbi ikuvumela ukuba ukwenze amahora amabili;
- Imvamisa ukuphakama okulinganiselwa kwesinyathelo (ukucatshangelwa, kuzoba lula kanjani ukukhuphuka yonke imindeni);
- nquma ukuthi zingaki izinyathelo okufanele zibe esitezi sesibili nelesithathu;
- Yenza izilinganiso ngokucophelela futhi wenze umdwebo wesakhiwo esizayo, unaka izici zekamelo nohlobo lwezitebhisi;
- Bala izitebhisi zezitebhisi, unaka izinhlobonhlobo zawo, ukuphakama kophahla, inani lama-Masters.
Ukubala kahle ukwakheka kwesikhathi esizayo futhi kwenze kube nokuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kuphephile, kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza kahle izilinganiso ezibekwe esithombeni njengenhloko. Ngezansi kumdwebo obona amapharamitha adingekayo ukuze enze umdwebo wanoma yiziphi izitebhisi ezikhethekile.
Ukubalwa kwezitebhisi akusho nje kuphela inani elichazwe kahle lezinyathelo, ezincike ekuphakameni kwalezi zinto, kucatshangelwa ukuhlanganiswa okuhlobisa (uma kukhona futhi kufinyelela amasentimitha amaningi). Kubalulekile ukunquma ukujula kwesinyathelo ngasinye.
Indlela efanelekile yokulinganisa, idatha ethembekile kanye nohlelo oluhlotshiswe kahle luzovumela:
- Ahlele izitebhisi zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lobulukhuni nolukhulu;
- Kahle inketho ejwayelekile neyodwa eyenzelwe igumbi elithile;
- qinisekisa ukuthembeka kokwakhiwa okungokwezitolo;
- Mnikeze ukubukeka okuhle nokuhlehlisa, yenza imininingwane ye-organic endlini.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukwenza izitebhisi zensimbi ngezandla zazo (umhlahlandlela womhlangano)
Amathrendi wesimanje ekuklameni kokuhlobisa kwezakhiwo asebenzisa ukwahlukahluka kwezinkuni, ayahlukahluka ububanzi bezitebhisi, okwenza bandiswe kusuka ngezansi banciphise ngaphezulu, basebenzise izitebhisi zezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu.
Kunezinketho eziningi zezitebhisi - Ukukhetha imodeli ethile kuncike endaweni ezinikezele yokufakwa, isikhala samahhala kanye nezinketho zabanikazi bendlu.
Ibhayisikobho
Indlela ibizwa ngokuthi ukwakheka okuqondile okuvame kakhulu, okungaba nesikhala esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Kwenziwa ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, kepha imvamisa kwenziwa ngokhuni. Kulula kakhulu ukuklama nokwakha, kepha kudinga izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile.
Ngokwenziwa kwanoma yiziphi izitebhisi ezimashi ezidingekayo:
- imishayo (lokhu kungaba izicathulo kanye nabahloli);
- Izigxobo zokusekelwa (inombolo yazo ingahlukahluka, kuya ngemashi neplatifomu ye-spys);
- Izinyathelo ezilula noma ezisebenzayo (okwedlule zivame ukusetshenziswa ezitebhisini ezijikelezayo);
- Izingodo ezengeziwe phambi kwesayithi le-interlimine kulo mdwebo;
- Ama-balasin kanye nezincekukazi uma ukwakheka kuzodla.
Ukubalwa kwezitebhisi ezimashi zezakhiwo zokuhlala zenziwa kucatshangelwa izidingo ezithile:
- Ububanzi obufanele bezitebhisi abungaphansi kuka-0.8-1 m.
- Ibanga ukusuka ezitebhisini kuya ophahleni alukho ngaphansi kuka-2 m.
- I-angle yokuthambekela kwezitebhisi kufanele ibe phakathi kwama-degree angama-35-45.
- Inani eliphezulu lezinyathelo ngoMashi owodwa - ama-19 ama-PC.
- Ukuphakama kwesigaba ngasinye kungu-16-19 cm, ububanzi bokunamathela bungama-22-33 cm.
Bala amapharamitha aqondile wesitebhisi esizayo, esazi usayizi wekamelo: ibanga ukusuka phansi kuya ophahleni, kufaka phakathi ubukhulu bokuqoqeka okuphakathi nendawo, ububanzi bokuvula, indawo yegumbi. Ungasebenzisa umshini wokubala olula, kepha kukhona umshini wokubala online owenzelwe ngqo le njongo kwi-Intanethi.
Ihora elilodwa
Ukuqamba izitebhisi zehora elilodwa kulula ngokwanele uma uthatha isinqumo ngohlobo lwemishayo. Idizayini ingakhiwa kohulumeni, izimpotho noma ezinkulu (ama-fastener wensimbi asetshenziswa ngaphandle kwesitebhisi sokhuni).
Bala kahle ubude bemishayo yenethiwekhi (futhi ngakho-ke ubude bemashi wezitebhisi) bazosiza iFomula A * B, lapho kusolwa ngokulingana nezinyathelo, nenani labo.
Ungabala kanjani inani lezinyathelo ezitebhisini ezizayo bese unquma ukuphakama kwezinyathelo (ububanzi bezindlela), kuboniswe ngokucacile kuvidiyo engezansi.
Kuvidiyo: Ungabala kanjani izitebhisi (inani lezinyathelo, ubude bomgibeli).
Imali emibili
Amaphrojekthi wezakhiwo zokuhlala angaguquguquka futhi ahlinzeke ngokwakha izitebhisi ezinamakhasi amabili ngeplatifomu noma izinyathelo ezisebenzayo. Ukuqamba izitebhisi ezenziwe nge-M-Shape (angular) zihlinzekela ukuqina kwezinyathelo ezisebenzayo kanye nensika ekhoneni elisemqoka, elisetshenziselwa ukwesekwa.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukwenza kanjani izitebhisi ezinezitezi ezimbili: Izinhlobo Zokwakheka, Ukubalwa Nokufakwa
Ohlelweni olwenziwe nge-P, kuvame ukwenza ipulatifomu njengesixhumanisi esiphakathi nendawo phakathi kwemashi yokuqala neyesibili - inamathele ku-averhal. Indawo yokudlala ingandiswa noma incane, into esemqoka ukuthi ibanga phakathi kwemishini liyisinyathelo (60-80 cm).
Kuvidiyo: Ungayenza kanjani izilinganiso ukubala izitebhisi ezimise okwenziwe nge-P.
I-Three-Page
Le nketho ibalwa amakamelo endawo ebalulekile futhi angaba yingxenye yokwakhiwa kwegumbi. Ukwakha kusuka ngokhuni eco-friendly futhi ukuhlobisa, kepha kungadinga amathuluzi angeziwe wokuqinisa ukwengeza ukuthembeka komklamo.
Amapharamitha wezobuchwepheshe ancike kwizici zomuntu ngamunye wephrojekthi, kepha ifomula yokubala, ngokwezilinganiso ezinembile, ngisho nonjiniyela ochwepheshe zidinga ukusikwa kanye necebo lokukhishwa kwemisebenzi, ukuphakama kwemashi. Umdwebo ongezansi ukhombisa umdwebo wenguqulo engenzeka yezitebhisi ezinamakhasi amathathu.
Kulufa
Isici sokwakhiwa kwesikulufa - indawo yezinyathelo ezizungeze i-rack yokusekelwa. Ububanzi bayo inani eliphambili lokukhokha. Okokuqala, ubukhulu bokwakheka okuphelele bunqunywa futhi ukubuka okuphezulu kuhlanganisiwe. Umdwebo ukhombisa imibuthano emi-2 (izitebhisi kanye ne-trajectory yokunyakaza kuso). Lapho-ke udinga ukubala inani lezinyathelo, inani labo kufanele libe yinqwaba, futhi uma liphenduka liyahlukana, kufanele likhuphuke.
Ukunquma ukuphakama kwezinyathelo, ububanzi bendilinga buhlukaniswe ngenani elitholwe ngenxa yokubala kokuqala.
Engele
Ngendawo ekhawulelwe yamahhala emizini yangasese, isitebhisi ekhoneni kwesinye isikhathi sifakwa - umklamo ngokujikeleza kwama-degree angama-90. Into esemqoka yokuguqulwa ingasebenza zombili izinyathelo ezisebenzayo kanye nenkundla yokudlala.
Lapho kubalwa, kuyadingeka ukuncika kulezi zincomo ezilandelayo:
- Uma kukhona ipulatifomu phakathi kwama-Marches, ubude bawo kufanele bube ngaphezu kwe-140 cm, futhi ububanzi buhambisana nobubanzi besikhala.
- Uma kukhona izitebhisi ezinabahambi, ububanzi bawo obuvela emaphethelweni angaphandle kufanele kube okungenani ama-40 cm, phakathi - okungenani ama-20 cm, futhi ububanzi bengxenye emincane bungu-14 cm.
- Ekuguqukeni kwesitebhisi kudinga isikwele ngesimo sezinyathelo zesikwele noma ezintathu noma ezine ezisebenzayo.
Kuvidiyo: Isibonelo sokubala izitebhisi ngezinyathelo ezisebenzayo.
Ukubalwa kwesitebhisi "Isinyathelo se-Goose"
Lolu uhlobo lohlobo lwezitebhisi ezihlangene, lapho izinyathelo zitholakala khona ngokulinganayo kulayini wesifo sohlangothi. Lo mklamo usungulwe kuleli cala lapho kunesidingo sokugcina isikhala endlini. Njengomthetho, i-angle yokuthambekela ezitebhisini "Isinyathelo se-Goose" ngama-45-65 degrees.
Isici esihlukile salolu hlobo sokwakhiwa siyingxenye enamathela, ebanzi yayo ehlala uhhafu wobude bezinyathelo.
Lapho ubala i-ladder "Goose step", udinga ukubheka amapharamitha anconyiwe:
- Ububanzi bokunamathela endaweni lapho isitobha sizoncika khona, kufanele kube cishe ngo-30 cm.
- Ububanzi bengxenye emincane bulingana nengxenye yobubanzi bobubanzi (kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa kancane).
- Ukuphakama okunconyiwe kwezinyathelo (ibanga ukusuka ekunamathela ekunamathela) - 15 cm.
Isihloko ngesihloko: I-Stair Railing kanye nezandla Handrails: Izinhlobo eziphambili, ukukhiqiza nokufakwa (+ 86 Izithombe)
Ukubalwa kwezitebhisi kumfundisi
Ukubalwa kwezitebhisi kumfundisi kwenziwa kucatshangelwa amanye amapharamitha, kepha akuhlukile kwinqubo eyinhloko:
- Ibanga elisuka phansi liye ophahleni linqunywa;
- Ngokusho kwefomula, ukuphakama kwezinyathelo kubalwa;
- Ububanzi bezinyathelo bubalwa;
- Ngokusekelwe ububanzi bokuvula ekuqothulweni okuhlangene, ubude be-latitude ibalwa;
- Ububanzi bemidlalo yaseshashalazini ngeke bube ngaphansi kwama-50 cm.
Ukubalwa kwezinyathelo
Inani lezinyathelo lingabalwa, ligxile kumadokhumenti alawulayo le-Gost, lapho kuboniswa khona i-angle yokuthambekela, ububanzi besiteji kanye nekhono lokumelana nesisindo somuntu, futhi mhlawumbe noyedwa.
Ukuphakama kwezinyathelo kubalwa ngesisekelo sokusebenziseka lula kwamalungu omndeni kanye nezici zephrojekthi ekhona, futhi inani lezinyathelo lizosiza ekutholeni ifomula esetshenziswe kahle. Bala usayizi wezinyathelo ungasetshenziswa ukubala imiphumela yezilinganiso zakho zezinyathelo: A - Ukuphakama kanye ne-B - i-WIDTH (2A + B = 64).
Ukwazi ukuphakama okulinganiselwe kwezitebhisi zaphansi, kuhlukaniswe ngepharamitha elinganiselwe yesiteji.
Ungayinquma kanjani i-angle yokuthambekela?
I-angle yokuthambekela kwesitebhisi yinkomba ebaluleke ngokulinganayo, lapho kube lula ukunyakaza, ukuphakamisa / ukwehla komuntu kanye nokuhambisa izinto zefenisha eziphelele. Ukunquma i-angle ekubalweni thatha ukuphakama nobubanzi bezinyathelo, ibanga ukusuka phansi kuya ophahleni.
Amapharamitha wezitimela nothango
Esitebhisini esihlahleni, amapharamitha wezitimela nothango unquma isinyathelo sezinyathelo nephrojekthi yokwakhiwa komuntu ngamunye. Zingandiswa ukuze ziqinisekise ukuphepha kanye nobubanzi bengozi. Okubaluleke kakhulu amapharamitha anjengokuphakama kwabahluphi, ubude nobubanzi besitimela.
Ngokusho kwemibhalo elawulwayo, uthango lwanoma yisiphi isitebhisi kufanele kube namapharamitha alandelayo:
- ukuphakama (kucatshangelwa ukujaha) 900-1000 mm;
- Ubude be-railing bulingana nobude bemashi wezitebhisi;
- Ibanga phakathi kwamabhasi alikho ngaphezu kwe-150 mm.
Umhlahlandlela wokubala wezitebhisi onemininingwane (2 ividiyo)
Amamodeli ahlukene wezinhlelo zezitebhisi (izithombe ezingama-52)
