Injini Starter
Ukwethulwa okuthembekile kwenjini yemoto yabagibeli ebusika kungaphenduka inkinga. Le ndaba ihambelana ikakhulukazi nemishini enamandla ye-autotractor yamabhizinisi ezolimo, izinsizakalo zomphakathi eziwuxhaphaza ngaphansi kwezimo zesitoreji sase-Girlfling. Lokhu ngeke kwenzeke uma umsizi we-elekthronikhi uzobe esekhona, engenziwa yisiqu se-radio abenele.
Idivaysi yokuqala yalolu hlobo yenziwa ngokuya ngezincomo ezichazwe ku-Article "Ukuqala" i-Article (i.p. Reselets. Incwadi 1. "Solon" 1998. S.95 - 96). Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kukhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uyibize ngokuthi yidivayisi yokuqala nge-accort accort. Kungasebenza kuphela kwimodi "kagwayi elula", i.e. Ngokubambisana nebhethri lemoto, ngakho-ke kungaba yinto efanelekile ukuyibiza ngokushaja kanye nokuqala idivaysi. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi akhona, ukuqala kwenjini bekufanele kwenziwe ngezigaba ezimbili:
- Yenza kabusha ibhethri imizuzwana eyi-10-20;
- Ukunyuswa okuhlangene "kwenjini.
Imvamisa eyamukelekayo yokujikeleza kwe-Starter ukujikeleza kwaqhubeka imizuzwana emi-3-5, kwabe sekuncipha kakhulu. Uma injini engaqalanga emzameni wokuqala, bekufanele ngiphinde konke kuqala. Ngakho-ke, amahlandla ambalwa. Le nqubo ayikhathazeki kuphela, kepha ayifiseleki ngezizathu ezimbili:
kuholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwe-Starter nokugqoka kwawo okuphakeme;
Yehlisa impilo yebhethri (ebusika, imijikelezo yokuqala yezimoto zabagibeli ifinyelela ku-250 A. Zibangela ukwehla kwamapuleti ebhethri, ukuvalelwa kwento esebenzayo, njll.).
Futhi iphuzu lapha akuyona nje ukuthi ibhethri elishajekayo "alikho okusha kokuqala". Njengoba kwaziwa ezincwadini (N.M. Ilin, yu.l. Timofeev, v.ya. Vanyaev. Imishini kagesi yezimoto. Izokuthutha, i-Electle Transtel. Isitsha esilinganiselwe siqinisekisiwe ukuthi kumazinga okushisa we-electrolyte + 25 ° C. Ngokwehla kwezinga lokushisa, ukubonwa kwe-electrolyte kwenyuka, okuholela ekwehleni kwesitsha sokukhipha cishe nge-1% yehla lokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nebhethri elisha elishajekayo ebusika lilahlekelwa kakhulu izici zalo "zokuqala".
Ungakugwema lezi zinto ezimbi kuphela uma amandla edivayisi yokuqala ezanele (ngaphandle kosizo lwebhethri) lokuqala kwemoto ebandayo. Lokhu kuzokwengeza kakhulu impilo yebhethri esebenzayo.
Ake sizame, cishe, hlola amapharamitha wedivayisi yokuqala enjalo. Njengoba kwaziwa ezincwadini [1], kwimodi yokuqala, okusebenzayo kwebhethri:
Ir = 3 × C20, futhi
lapho i-C20 umthamo olinganiselwe webhethri (u-And · H). I-Voltage ku-Starter Mode kubhethri ngalinye akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwe-1.75 V. Ngakho-ke. Ibhethri le-Volt le-12:
Ur = 6 × 1, 75 v = 10.5 v,
lapho i-ur ingukushintsha kwebhethri okusebenzayo kumodi ye-Starter, V.
Ngakho-ke amandla anikezwe i-Starter:
I-PCT = ur × IP, W.
Isibonelo, uma ibhethri lifakwa emotweni yabagibeli 6 st-60, amandla anikezwe ekuqaleni azoba:
I-PCT = 10,5 · 3 · 60 = 1890 (W).
Okuhlukile kulo mthetho yibhethri 6 st-55, okuyi-Starter yamanje, okuyi-IP = 255 a, namandla anikezwe umgcini we-Starter kungaba:
I-PCT = 10.5 V · 255 a = 2677.5 W.
Kusetshenziswa idatha yetafula 1, ungbala amandla okuhlinzeka nge-Starter yanoma iyiphi imoto. Ngala mandla, leli vemvane lokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft liyanikezwa (40-50 RPM - ezinjini ze-carburetor kanye ne-80-120 RPM - okuqinisekisa ukwethulwa kwenjini okuthembekile.
N / N. | Uhlobo lwe-Starter | Amandla alinganiselwe, kw | I-voltage ekalwe ngaphakathi | Masihlokwe yizinjini | Uhlobo lwebhethri olushajekayo | Amandla we-Power Transformer, kw |
okukodwa | St 230a, St 230b, St230k. | 1,03. | Okuqophele imali | Izimoto "Volga", Gaz-53, Gaz-66, IZil-130. | I-6ST-60 I-6ST-75 I-6ST-75 I-6ST-90. | okune 4.5 4.5 isihlanu |
2. | Art 221. | 1.25. | Okuqophele imali | "VAZ" | I-6ST-55 | okune |
3. | St 117a. | 1,18 | Okuqophele imali | "Moskvich" | I-6ST-55 | okune |
okune | St 222a. | 2,2 | Okuqophele imali | Ogandaganda T-16, T-25, T-30. | 2 × 6st-150 | 6. |
isihlanu | Art 142. | 7,73. | 24. | Izimoto "Kamaz", "Maz", "Kraz", "Zil-133 GI" | 2 × 6st-190 | 16-20. |
6. | St 103a-01 | 8,2 | 24. | Ogandaganda "AmaKirovets", (K-700, K-701) | 2 × 6st-190 | 16-20. |
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukufakwa okuzimele kohlobo olumisiwe
Ukufanisa Ithebula Ledatha Cha. 1 nokubala okungenhla, ungenza iziphetho eziningana:
- Yezimoto eziningi zabagibeli, amandla angempela anikezwe i-Starter edlula amandla ayo angama-okonakho (aphangiwe) amahlandla amahlandla angu-2-2,5 futhi:
1900 ≤ PCT ≤ 2700 [W];
- Amaloli anezinjini ze-carburetor, le nkomba ingaba ngaphezulu kakhulu:
2400 ≤ PCT ≤ 3310 [W];
- Ngezimoto ezinenjini yedizili:
I-PCT = 2 · 10,5 · 570 = 11970 [W],
(Banamabhethri amabili 6 st - 190 afakiwe ochungechungeni).
Lapho kubalwa i-transformer ephansi ye-Starter, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ukulahleka kwe-block ye-excrifier, ukuhambisa izintambo, izindawo zokuxhumana ezinama-oxid ezinamathela ezinamathelayo kanye neziphetho ze-Starter. Njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho kukhombisa, amandla we-transform we-transformer aphansi wedivayisi yokuqala yemoto yabagibeli akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwe-RTR = 4 kW.
Uhlaka lwathathwa njengoba kuchaziwe ku- [2], kepha nge-T1 enamandla kakhudlwana. (bheka Fig. 1).
I-Fig.1 uhlelo lwedivayisi yokuqala yesigaba esisodwa.
Kumlobi, i-transformer eyehlisiwe yenziwa emgogodleni we-toroidal kusuka etsheni lemoto kagesi eshisiwe enomthamo we-5 kW. Idatha yayo ibukeka kanjena:
I-SCT = 27 CM2, SCT = A × B (SCT - Indawo yesigaba sePipeline Pipeline Cross, CM2)
(bheka umdwebo. 2).
Fig. 2 a, B ulayini kazibuthe
Inani lokujika kwe-1 ku-voltage lokusebenza babalwa ngefomula:
T = 30 / ss
Inani lokushintshana kokuqala kokuguqulwa kwe-transformer kwakungu:
W1 = 220 · t = 220 · 30/27 = 244;
Isimo Sesekondari:
W2 = w3 = 16 · t = 16 · 30/27 = 18.
Ukuqhakaza okuyisisekelo kulinyazwa nge-PTTV Ø 2,12 mm, umzuzwana iTire ye-aluminium enesigaba sama-36 mm2. Shintsha uhlobo lwe-SA1 Uhlobo AE - 1031 (ngokuvikelwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi) nge-25 A. Diodes VD1, vd2 hlobo D161-250.
Ukuphakanyiswa kokungeniswa kwamandla kazibuthe emgogodleni we-transformer vm = 1.7 t .. I-Idling yamanje ngamanani anjalo we-VM afinyelela amanani e-IXX = 3.5 a, anciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer. Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukubheka isimo esilandelayo. Ukusebenza kwamanje ekuhambeni okuyisisekelo kwe-Transformer I1 ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kungafinyelela amanani 18-20 a, kubangele ukwehla kwamandlalaji ezintanjeni zenethiwekhi yokukhanyisa ngo-15-20 V. Ngakho-ke, hhayi 220 V. Ngakho-ke, futhi 200 v. isetshenziswa ekuhambeni okuyisisekelo kwe-transformer. Yehlisa inani le-VM futhi akukho okukhona manje, okukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer ngesikhathi sokuqala.
Kulabo abafisa ukubala ngokuzimela amapharamitha we-towstream transformer, ungasebenzisa amasu abekwe [2], [3].
Izeluleko eziningana zokulungiselela umnyombo we-toroidal. Isitebhisi sabhekana nemoto kagesi engenazo izinsalela zomoya. Ngosizo lwe-chisel ebukhali nesando sisika amazinyo e-stator. Lokhu akunzima ukukwenza. Insimbi ethambile, kepha udinga ukusebenzisa izingilazi zokuphepha nama-mittens. Ngemuva kwalokho kusuka ku-Metal Bar Ø 7-8 mm Lungiselela amabakaki amabili abunjiwe e-P-e-Transformer azofakwa kufreyimu eyisisekelo. Emibili imiphetho, amabakaki asika intambo ngaphansi kwe-M6 nati. Kusuka kuRibbon yensimbi, ukushuba kuka-3-4 mm nobubanzi be-18-20 mm, ugobe p-emcabangweni, lungiselela isibambo se-transformer. Imiphetho yepuleti enomumo we-P igobe ngokwengeziwe ibheke komunye nomunye, ukuthola "izilimi" ze-5-8 cm, lapho kuzofakwa khona isibambo sokhuni. Kuze kube manje, izimbobo ze-Ø 7 mm zivuthwe "ezilimini". Amabakaki amabili nezingxenye zensimbi zesibambo zisongelwa ngongqikithi wezindwangu ezifakwe nge-epoxy resin futhi zigqoke ngaphakathi kwe-toroid: isibambo phezulu, kubakaki phansi kwebanga komunye nomunye. Lonke umnyombo nalo limbozwe ngezendlalelo esisodwa noma ezimbili zezicubu eziboshwe nge-epoxy resin. Ngemuva kokomisa i-epoxy resin, qala ukudonsa umoya. Ukuqhakambisa okuyisisekelo kuvunguza kuqala, kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo eduze komngcele. Ngemuva kokwenza umoya oyinhloko, i-transformer ifaka inethiwekhi futhi ilinganise i-idling yamanje, okungafanele idlule u-3.5 a. Kumele ikhunjulwe ukuthi ku-VM = 1.7 isisekelo senombolo ye Ukujika kuzobangela ekushintsheni okukhulu ku-IXX Primist Winking.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Kungenzeka yini ukushaya i-Fliesline Wallpaper nge-glue nge-vinyl
Ngaphambi kokuthola umoya wesibili engxenyeni yensimbi yesibambo, umgodi uchithwa umgodi ngaphansi kwe-M12 enomugqa we-bolt, ezosebenza njengendawo yokuphuma evela maphakathi nesikhathi esifanayo i-terminal "enhle" yokugcina. Ukulungisa ama-diode aboniswe kumdwebo kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zensimbi zohlaka lwedivaysi eyisisekelo hhayi kuphela ngokuqinisa ama-diode, kodwa futhi nekhwalithi yokushisa ukushisa ngaphandle kwama-dielectric.
Iziphetho zeSemiorock yesibili zixhunywe kwi-terminal "enhle", amajika asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kulo lonke umkhawulo womgogodla. Lapho ubeka usebenzisa isando sokhuni.
Okulandelayo, ngosizo lwe-welding Lungiselela isisekelo sohlaka. Kulokhu, izinduku zensimbi Ø 10-12 mm ziyasetshenziswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kohlaka kwi-aluminium noma ipuleti lethusi elinobukhulu obungu-3-4 mm, lungisa ama-diode abopha. Lapha umgodi udonswa ngaphansi kwe-M12 Bolt, ezosebenza njengedivaysi "Minus". Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwefreyimu, ingxenye yamalahle iselded futhi switch SA1 sinamathiselwe kukho.
Manje mayelana nezintambo ezixhuma i-Starter Starter. Noma yikuphi ukunganaki ekukhiqizeni kwabo 'kunganciphisa' yonke imizamo yakho. Khombisa ngesibonelo esithile. Vumela ukumelana kwe-RPR yendlela yonke yokuxhuma kusuka ku-starter kuzolingana: I-RPD = ama-Ohms, bese kuthi i-Voltage Drop on the izintambo izoba:
UPR = IPPR = 250 A = 0.01 OM = 2.5 V;
Ukulahleka kwamandla kuzintambo:
I-RPR = UPR · IP = 625 W.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-voltage ayiyona i-14 v, kepha 11.5 v, okuyi-ke, okuyiqiniso, ayithandeki ukuqala kwimodi yokusebenza. Ngenxa yalokho, ubude bezintambo zokuxhuma kufanele bube buncane ngangokunokwenzeka (l ≤ 1.5 m), nendawo yesigaba sesigaba, ngangokunokwenzeka (sp ≥ 100 mm2). Izintambo kumele zibe yi-Copper eminingi ekufakweni kwenjoloba. Ukuze kube lula, ukuxhumana ne-Starter kwenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwama-adhesive noma ama-clamps asetshenziswayo asetshenziswe njenge-electrode yemishini yemishini yasendlini. Uhlobo olujwayelekile lomqalisi wesigaba esisodwa kuboniswa ku-Fig.3.
I-Fig.3 Ukubukwa okujwayelekile kwedivayisi yokuqala yesigaba esisodwa.
Indlela ebekwe yokubala idivaysi yokuqala isetshenziswa i-Universal futhi isetshenziswa ezinjini zanoma yimaphi amandla. Sizokhombisa lokhu ngesibonelo se-Starter ST-222 A, esetshenziswa kugandaganda we-T-16, i-T-25, T-30 vladimir traktali isitshalo.
Imininingwane eyisisekelo mayelana ne-ST-222 i-Starter:
I-voltage ekalwe - 12 v;
Amandla alinganiselwe - 2.2 kw;
Uhlobo lwebhethri olushajekayo - 2 × 3st-150.
Ngakho:
Ire = 3 · C20 = 3 · 150 A = 450 a,
Amandla ahlinzekelwe yi-Starter kuzoba:
I-PCT = 10.5 V · 450 A = 4725 W.
Njengoba kunikezwe amandla okulahlekelwa:
Rp = 1-1.3 kw.
Amandla we-Power Transformer:
I-RTR = PCT + RP = 6 kW.
Ingxenye yesiphambano yepayipi le-magnetic sct = 46-50 cm2. Ubuningi bamanje kuma-Windings Thatha ngokulingana:
J = 3 - 5 A / MM2.
Ukusebenza kwesikhashana kwesikhashana kwedivayisi yokuqala (imizuzwana engu-5-10) kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kumanethiwekhi wesigaba esisodwa. Okweziboshwa ezinamandla kakhulu, i-transformer yokuqala yedivayisi kufanele ibe nesigaba esithathu. Sizotshela ngobungqabavu bokuklanywa kwalo esibonelweni sedivayisi yokuqala kugandaganda onamandla wedizili "ama-kirovets" (K-700, K-701). I-Starter Yase Starter St-103A-01 inamandla alinganiselwe ka-8.2 kW kumandla kagesi alinganiselwe ka-24 V. Amandla we-transformer yedivayisi yokuqala (ecabanga ukulahleka)
Isihloko ngesihloko: Amakhethini wokuhlobisa kusuka ku-bamboo azenzele ngokwakho
I-RTR = 16 - 20 KW.
Ukubalwa okwenziwe lula komshini we-transformer amathathu kwenziwa kucatshangelwa izincomo ezibekwe ku- [3]. Uma kungenzeka, ungasebenzisa ukuncishiswa kwezimboni ze-TRK-20A, TMOB-63 Transformers Transformers, njll. endlini ekuyenihlwini kwezilwane, ukuzalanisa kwengulube kanye t .. Umjikelezo we-trigger e-transformer yesigaba ezintathu ngukulandelayo (bheka umfanekiso 4).
I-Fig.4 iqala idivaysi ku-transformer yesigaba ezintathu.
I-MP iyi-Starter ye-Magnetic PML-4000 yohlobo, i-PMA-4000, noma lezo ezifanayo nazo zokushintsha amadivaysi anomthamo wama-20 kW. Inkinobho yePad Sv1 SV1 Uhlobo ku-Ku-121-1, ku-122-1m, njll.
I-rexifier ye-alpapida yesigaba emithathu isetshenziswa lapha, okuvumela ukuthi uthole i-voltage eyize ye-36 V 4 m). Ukusetshenziswa kwe-transformer yesigaba ezintathu kunikeza amathuba amaningi ukuthola i-voltage oyifunayo. Inani layo lingashintshwa, kufaka phakathi "inkanyezi", "unxantathu" umoya, faka i-aveliogeneous eyodwa noma i-lippetier (i-larionov circuit) iqonde.
Ekuphetheni, imikhandlu eminingana nezincomo:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwama-transformers we-toroidal amasethi wokuqalisa wesigaba esisodwa akusona futhi kuchazwe izinkomba zawo ezinhle kakhulu ze-Mass-Disensional. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kwabo buyakhandleka kakhulu.
- Ukubalwa kwe-transformer yedivayisi yokuqala kunezinhlobo ezithile. Isibonelo, ukubalwa kwenani lokujika ku-1 ku-voltage esebenzayo ngefomula: t = 30 / i-SST, kuchazwa yisifiso sokuthi "ukuncipha" okuphezulu kwezomnotho. Lokhu kulungisiswa yimodi yakhe yesikhashana (5-10) imodi yokusebenza. Uma ubukhulu bengadlali indima enqumayo, ungasebenzisa imodi yokusindisa kakhudlwana ngokubala ifomula: t = 35 / SS. Ingxenye yesiphambano yepayipi kazibuthe ithathwe ngo-25-30% ngaphezulu.
- Amandla angahle 'asuswe' kusuka kumgogodla okhona we-toroidal, acishe alingane namandla emoto kagesi esihlangene esingu-asynchronous motor, lapho kwenziwa khona lo msingo. Uma amandla enjini akaziwa, kungabalwa cishe yifomula:
I-RDV = i-SUST × ×
lapho i-RDV ingamandla enjini, w; Ѕst - indawo yeSigaba Se-Magnetic Pipeline Cross, CM2 SET = A × ku-× ku-×y - indawo yewindi lepayipi kazibuthe, cm2 (bheka umkhiwane 2)
Ѕk = 0,785 · D2
- Umgogodla we-transformer kuya kuhlaka lwesisekelo luboshwe ngamabakaki amabili abunjiwe emi-p. Ngosizo lwe-shalisating Shaib, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukubonakala kwekholi evuthiwe evuthiwe ekwakhelwe ubakaki ngohlaka.
- Ukubheka ukuthi i-wivorage ye-idling kudivayisi yokuqalisa yesigaba ezintathu ngenhla kwama-28 v, injini iqala ukwenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
1. Xhuma amadivaysi okuqala ngemikhaza nge-Starter okuphumayo.
2. Umshayeli uhlanganisa umqali.
3. Umsizi ucindezela inkinobho yokuqala ye-OV1 nangemva kokusebenza okuzinzile kwenjini kuyakukhulula ngokushesha.
- Uma usebenzisa idivaysi yokuqala enamandla kunguqulo yesiteshi ngokuya ngezidingo ze-TB, kufanele zibekwe. Izibambo zemikhaza yokuxhuma kufanele zibe ekufakweni kwenjoloba. Ukuze ugweme ukudideka, ithikithi "eliqondile" lifiseleka ukushada, ngokwesibonelo, itheyiphu ebomvu.
- Uma uqala ibhethri, awukwazi ukunqamula kwi-Starter. Kulokhu, imikhaza inamathiselwe eziphethweni zebhethri ezifanele. Ukugwema ukubhala kabusha ibhethri, idivaysi yokuqala ngemuva kokuqala injini inqanyuliwe.
- Ukuze unciphise ukusakazeka kazibuthe, ukuvela kwesibili kwe-transformer kungcono ukuveza okokuqala emgogodleni, bese kulimaza umoya oyinhloko.
Izincwadi:
N.M. Ilsin, yu.l. Timofeev, v.ya. UVanyaev. Imishini kagesi yezimoto. M: ezokuthutha, ngo-1982
I.P. Imichilo. Amasu weRadio Amateur awusizo. Incwadi 1, M: Solon 1998.
I. Nicoforov. Ukubalwa okwenziwe lula kwe-transformer yenethiwekhi. Umsakazo, 2000, No. 10, k. 39.
Ogandaganda "ama-Kirovets", K-701, K-700 A. Ukuchazwa Kwezobuchwepheshe nencwajana yemiyalo. M: TractoroOexport.
V. Moduzas. I-electropuscat. Mechanic yasemakhaya, 1988, No. 4, k. 23-24.