Ungawufaka kanjani ngaphansi kwendlu yangasese ngezandla zakho - ukufakwa okushisa okulungile

Ngaphansi kwezindlu ezindala kakhulu nangaphansi ngakunye, kanye nezikashi ezakhelwe esakhiweni sakamuva, kukhona indawo engaphansi komhlaba - lokhu kuyisisekelo sokugcina amakhosi okugcina imifino, izikhala, izinto zesikhathi sonyaka.

Ezakhiweni zesimanje (izitini noma zezinkuni), ingaphansi lingafakwa egumbini lokuhlala elisebenzayo, njengehhovisi, indawo yokusebenzela, indawo yokuzivocavoca, indawo yaseshashalazini yasekhaya, igumbi le-billiard, njll.

Akunandaba ukuthi uyaphi lapho uya khona, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ingaphansi kuphela uma izinga lokushisa kulo likhululekile. Noma ukuphakama okungaphansi kungakuvumeli ukuthi uhlele igumbi eligcwele kulo, kusadinga ukufakwa, ngoba ukufakwa kokushisa kwalesi bangaphansi kungenye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa endlini.

Ngabe ngidinga ukufudumeza ongaphansi?

Ukusuka encazelweni engenhla kuba sobala ukuthi yebo, ingaphansi ingaphansi kungcono ukufakanisa. Sinikeza ezinye izimpikiswano ezimbalwa zalabo abangabazayo:

• Ngempumelelo isebenzisa indawo ewusizo;
• Ukuvela kwesikhunta nokubumba egumbini elingaphansi, okuwumthombo wephunga elingathandeki kanye nokuwohloka kwe-microclimate esitezi esingezansi sendlu;
• Izinga lokushisa elisezingeni eliphansi alincishisiwe kumaki wokususa;
• Ukufakwa kwesitezi esingaphansi endlini kusenza sikwazi ukuvikela isisekelo ekudambeni nasekuguqukeni ngenxa ye-powder;
• Ijubane lokubhujiswa kokusungulwa kwesakhiwo lincishisiwe;
• Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi noma ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ngokushisa ekhaya.

Qaphela. Uma isitezi esingaphansi singafakwanga, ngokusho kwe-Gost 9561-91 "kuqiniswe amakhonkolo kakhonkolo", kuyadingeka ukufudumeza ukugqagqana, okuhlukanisa phansi kwesiteji sokuqala kusuka endaweni eqondisiwe. Isidingo esifanayo sipeliwe ku-SNIP 2.08.01-85

Ukuqaphela, ubuchwepheshe bokufakelwa kwe-cellar buyafana, kepha unokwehluka okuthile.

Izinhlobo zokufakwa ngaphansi kokufakwa

Ukufakelwa kwesisekelo esingaphansi kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi:

• Ukufakwa kwangaphakathi . Silula, kepha kudinga umsebenzi ukuqeda umswakama, uma kungenjalo ukubukeka kwe-condensate kuzonciphisa konke ukufakwa;

• Ukufakwa Kwangaphandle . Ikuvumela ukuthi ungafaki ukukhipha udonga ngaphandle. Le ndlela yokufakelwa okushisayo inengqondo ngokwengeziwe, ngoba Inikeza ukuvikela okungcono futhi ayinciphisi isikhala esiwusizo segumbi, kepha kunzima kakhulu. Njengomthetho, kwenziwa esakhiweni sendlu;

• Ukufakwa okuhlanganisiwe . Kusebenza kakhulu ngoba kufaka phakathi ukufakwa kwezinto zokufaka okushisayo kanye nokufakwa emanzini okungaphansi komhlaba ezinhlangothini zombili.

Ukukhetha kwendlela kunqunywa yilezo zici njengoba:

• umbuso womswakama;
• ukuba khona kokufudumeza egumbini elingaphansi;
• ukuba khona kohlelo lokudonsa amanzi azungeze elingaphansi;
• Ukuqokwa kwesisekelo.

Izinto zokufakwa ngaphansi kokufakwa

Okokuqala, umnikazi wendlu kufanele anqume ukuthi angawufaka kanjani ngaphansi. Emakethe yokwakha kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokufakwa kokufakwa okushisayo ngezimpawu ezihluke kakhulu.

Isihloko ngesihloko: ukugoqa okugeza kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa

Cabanga ngokufakwa okuthandwa kakhulu kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kokusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kokuvikelwa kokushisa kwesitezi esingaphansi:

• Styrofoam . Impahla eshibhile futhi engabizi. Ngokufakelwa, igwebu elinobunzima buka-25 kg / mkb.

  I-Polyfoam iyathandwa ngezakhiwo: ukukhanya, ukumelana nokubola, izici ezinhle kakhulu zokufakwa okushisayo, ukungakwazi ukumunca umswakama, impilo yenkonzo ende. Kungakho ukufakwa kwesitezi esingaphansi kwegwebu kungenye yezindlela ezijwayelekile zokwandisa izici zokufakwa kwe-thermal zegumbi elingaphansi. Kepha umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi igwebu alikwazi ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni ezinengozi enkulu yokuqeda amathuba omlilo. Lokhu okuqukethwe kuhlangatsheka futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - kugqamisa izinto ezinobungozi ezinobungozi ngesikhathi sokuvutha;

• polystyrere foam . I-analogue ethe xaxa yamagwebu. Inazo zonke izakhiwo ezingesona e-foam, kepha ibonakala ngobuningi obuphakeme (okusho ukuthi i-SPRED), uhlelo lwe- "Groove-Crest".

  Ngasikhathi sinye, i-polystyrerere Foam ibonakala ngokulula kokucutshungulwa kwemishini (ishidi alikhuphuki lapho ukusika), ukumelana kwezinzimo kanye nentengo ephakeme. Ukufakelwa kwesisekelo kwangenziwa ngentshiseko nge-polystyrere foam. Lokhu okuqukethwe kulungele kangcono ukufeza ukufakwa kwesisekelo esingaphansi nangaphakathi;

• I-Polyurene Folider . Wafafaza izinto zokufakelwa okushisayo. Isici se-PPU siqukethe amandla okugcwalisa izikhala ezincane kunazo zonke. I-Polyurethane Foam ayivumeli umswakama, ayiboli, ayishisi, ihlinzeka ngokuqina okuphelele kwekamelo. Ukufakwa kwe-polyurethane engaphansi kwe-polyurethane ivumela ukuthi udale ungqimba oluqinile lwangaphandle lokuhlukaniswa. Ukushiyeka kufaka izindleko eziphakeme nokungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngezandla zabo;

• Uboya bezimbiwa . Ukufakelwa kwesisekelo esingaphansi kusuka ngaphakathi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kokufakwa okuthambile futhi kuncike kuphela kokungabikho komswakama. I-MinVata - I-Hygroscopic futhi lapho umazila ilahlekelwa yizakhiwo zayo zokufakwa okushisayo;

• Imbande . Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lokhu kungukufakwa kwenqwaba, kunezakhiwo ezinhle zokufaka okushisayo. Noma kunjalo, ukufakwa kweClammite engaphansi kwe-clamzite kulungiswe kuphela ukufakwa kwesitezi esitezi esingaphansi futhi ukuvikela isisekelo ngaphandle, ngoba amatshe obumba (itshe elichotshoziwe) linikeza amatshe amahle.

Ukufakelwa, ukubukeka kwakhe nobukhulu bakhe, kukhethwe ngamunye ngecala ngalinye elithile. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokufakwa kwe-thermal infal kungaphathiswa uchwepheshe obabala ubukhulu obudingekayo ngezinto eziningi. Futhi ungenza ukubala wena. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa izincomo eziqukethe:

• I-SNIP II-3-79 "Ukwakha Ubunjiniyela Obucayi"
• Handbook of Heat and Sound Insulation Designs. Izindonga zezisekelo nezisekelo;
• I-SNIP 23-02-2003 "Ukuvikelwa Kwezakhiwo"

Kanye ne:

Izidingo Zobunjiniyela Zokushisa Kokufakelwa Kwaphansi

Ucwaningo lwemibhalo engenhla lwenza ukuthi ukwazi ukwaba izidingo zobunjiniyela bokushisa eziphambili:

• Ukumelana nokushisa kokushisa (Snip 23-02-2003). OkweMoscow - Ro = 4.15 M2 • ° C / W.

Ukuncika kwe-coefficie ye-thermal yokuphambuka kokufakwa kanye nobukhulu bawo bokufakwa kwangaphakathi kwesitezi esingaphansi (itafula)

Ukuncika kwe-coefficieal ephathekayo yokufakwa kokufakwa kanye nobukhulu bawo bokufakwa kwangaphandle kwesitezi esingaphansi (itafula)

• umbono wemithwalo (snip 2.01.07-85);
• Ukumelana nokushisa kwe-Design ebekiwe. Ukubalwa kokunyuka kokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kususelwa ezikhundleni ze-snip 23-02-2003;
• I-Parry Permeability yesakhiwo esivalekile (Snip 23-02-2003).
• Izidingo Zokuphepha Komlilo (Snip 21-01-97, Gost 30247, Gost 30403).

Isihloko ngesihloko: Yiliphi i-heater kagesi kagesi eqongelela?

Indwangu ekhethiwe ibeka i-estrint ebalulekile ekukhetheni ubuchwepheshe futhi inqume ukuthi ungawufaka kanjani ngaphansi kwendlu yangasese kahle.

Ubuchwepheshe bokufakwa kwamathebuli ngezandla zabo

Cabanga ukuthi ukufakwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-penlex (technology kuzofana kanjani ne-foam ne-polystyrenerenere). Qaphela ukuthi ukufakwa okushisayo okuyinkimbinkimbi kufaka phakathi ukufakwa okungaphandle nokungaphakathi (ezindongeni ezithile, ubulili, ukunqwabelana).

Ngaphezu kokufakelwa, uzodinga:

• impahla yokuhlobisa ingaphakathi;
• ukukhuphuka igwebu;
• Igridi eqinisiwe ye-polymer;
• Izinto ezingavikeleli (i-bituminous mastic);
• Isixazululo se-glue;
• Ukhonkolo noma udaka wangaphandle;
• ithuluzi.

Izidingo zokufaka ngaphansi kwamanzi

Izidingo zokufakwa kwe-thermal

Izidingo zokuphamba

Ukufudumala okungaphansi ngaphandle

Isisekelo sokufakwa kodonga ngaphandle

Iziphakamiso nenqubo yokwenza umsebenzi:

• Umsebenzi wenziwa kuphela esimweni sezulu esomile nasesikhathini esifudumele. Lokhu kuqinisekisa umswakama omncane wenhlabathi eduze kwesisekelo;

• Imisebenzi iqala ukufaka ekususweni komhlaba eduze kwesisekelo;

• Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisekelo sihlolisiswa ukuqhekeka, ukuqunjelwa kwezinto ezingenamanzi, ukungahambi kahle okubalulekile, njll;

• Isendlalelo sokuqala sokufaka ngaphansi kwamanzi. AmaMasters anconyelwe ukusebenzisa i-maxium-exprellent mastic futhi ayisebenzise ngesendlalelo esiqinile;

• Ukufakelwa kuhlanganiswe. Okokufakwa kwangaphandle kwesitezi esingaphansi, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-polystyrere Foam noma i-polyurethane Foam. Ngalokho Lezi zinto zokwenziwa zihlukaniswa yi-clutch ethembekilena nenye futhi impilo yenkonzo ende.

  Ukufakelwa kufakwe ngendlela yokuthi kungu-500 mm. Ukhulume ngaphezulu kwesisekelo (ngenhla kwezinga lomhlabathi). Isici esibalulekile: Lapho ufaka ukufakwa, ama-dowels-izambulela awasetshenziswa, futhi kuphela isixazululo esinamathela. Isixazululo sisetshenziswa nge-spatula enezintho, okwenza ukuthi kungenzeka sisebenzise i-glue ngokulinganayo ukwandisa i-polystyrene foam noma i-polyurethane Foam futhi ugweme ukubukeka kobubi ngaphansi kweshidi. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kweglue kuzosusa ukulimala eshidini. Lapho kukhona imifantu phakathi kwamashidi, babekwa ngokufaka igwebu;

• Isendlalelo sesibili sokufaka ngaphansi kwamanzi. Le nhlangano ibalulekile ukufaka isicelo ebusweni bokufakwa, okuzoba senhlabathini;

• Uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi luhlonyelwe. Ukudonsa okuzungeze indlu kuyadingeka ukuze amanzi awemi eduze kokufakelwa;

• Idizayini yokuhlobisa yesisekelo (ngokwesibonelo, udaka, ukumboza kanye).

Ungayifaka kanjani izindonga ezingaphansi komhlaba ngaphandle

Qaphela. Ukufakwa kokufakwa ngaphandle kwengxenye ephoqelekile yomsebenzi ekufakweni kwezindonga ezingaphansi. Ngalokho Ukufakwa kokufakwa ngaphakathi kwendlu engaphansi komswakama ophezulu kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi isisekelo sizowa emanzini esithinta ngaphandle.

Ukufakwa kwesitezi esingaphansi kusuka ngaphakathi

Isisekelo sokufakwa kodonga kusuka ngaphakathi

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesimo sezincomo nemithetho.

Ngaphakathi kwekamelo, izinto zokufaka ukushisa ziyenzeka ukuthi zikhweze kuzo zonke izindawo: izindonga, uphahla kanye nephansi. Uma isitezi esingaphansi sicatshangelwa ukuthi singashiywanga sishiywe (kubanda), kuyadingeka ukwenza ukufakwa kwamapayipi okushisa egumbini elingaphansi ukugwema ukulahleka kwamazinga okushisa apholile ngesikhathi sokudlula phansi.

Ngaphambi kokwenza ukufakwa okushisayo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa umoya omncane wokungena kwesisekelo. Indlela elula yokuhlela ukushintshaniswa komoya ukwenza izimbobo ezimbili ezindongeni ezihlukile zesisekelo.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Iminyango engaphakathi ye-Oak emhlophe engaphakathi efulethini

Umgodi wokuphefumula odongeni olungaphansi

Isisekelo sokufakwa kodonga kusuka ngaphakathi

Ukuhleleka komsebenzi kufana kakhulu nokufakwa kwangaphandle:

• I-polymer mesh inamathiselwe;
• Ukusetshenziswa kokufaka ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuze i-Primer ikwazi ukuyomile, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa umoya ongaphansi;
• Hlola izindonga ukuba khona kokukhubazeka, ukungahambi kahle (okungakwazi ukufakwa ngengxube yokunamathela), izingxenye ezivikelayo;
• Insulator efudumele yokushisa;
• Kufakelwe udaka lomsebenzi wangaphakathi.

Lapho kwenziwa enye into yokuqeda, kwenziwa umsebenzi ofanele wokulungiselela, ngokwesibonelo, uhlaka luhlome nge-DryWall Trim.

Ukufudumeza Isitezi Esibandayo Sokubika Okubandayo

Ukuvikelwa kokushisa kophahla kwenziwa ngokuphoqelelwa nganoma iyiphi indlela yokufakelwa kwesisekelo. Ngalokho Ukufakelwa phansi kwezitezi kusuka engaphansi kuvumela ukunciphisa umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwesitezi segumbi endlini nasemoyeni kuyo. Ukuhleleka komsebenzi kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-sclap, olusungulwe phakathi kwesitezi sokuqala kanye nesisekelo.

Okwezitezi zokhuni:

• I-Polystyrere Foam (Foam noma iPenphonction) ifakiwe;
• Ukuhlolwa kothinga kwenziwa;
• I-foofol ifakiwe - ifilimu le-foil elikhombisa ukushisa egumbini;
• Kwenziwa imisebenzi yokuqeda.

Ungawufaka kanjani uphahla olungaphansi

Okwezitezi zikakhonkolo eziqinisiwe zidinga ukuhlelwa kophahla lwamanga, umsebenzi wakhe wokunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa ngokhonkolo. I-Falsepotor ingukumiswa kophahla olumisiwe ngongqimba wokufakwa kwe-thermal kokuqina okukhulu (kuphakamisa ukuhlobisa).

Isisekelo sokufakwa phansi kwephansi

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokufakelwa phansi okushisayo phansi ukuze ukushisa kungashiyi phansi phansi. Noma sikhuluma ngendlu engaphansi eshisiwe. Ukukhetha indlela yokufaka phansi phansi egumbini elingaphansi, kufanele kuvalwe izinketho ezimbili:

Ukukhetha 1. Ukufakwa phansi ngobumba noma "uPaul ngomhlabathi"

Isikimu sokufakelwa phansi kwephansi egumbini elingaphansi emhlabathini

I-Ceramzite ilala phansi, iyamangaza, futhi i-mesh yensimbi iboshwe ngaphezulu kwayo bese kuthunwa ungqimba lukakhonkolo onesikhumba. Ukugwema ukushintshwa kweClamzite lapho ushayela, yenza uhlaka kusuka ku-somber olucutshunguliwe, kumaseli ambozwe ngamatshe obumba noma ama-beacons wensimbi (uma kufakwa ungqimba omncane). UFiled Ceramzite ukhishwe ngumthetho. Emva kwalokho, kwakhiwa phansi phansi phansi phansi kwaphansi kwaphansi kwesendlalelo.

Inketho 2. I-Floor Insuration Polystyrene Foam

I-Floor Floor Insulation Pensoplex (ekwakhiweni kwasekhaya)

Isisekelo sokufakwa phansi kwephansi sinwebekile polystyrene

Kulokhu: Phansi egumbini elingaphansi lilinganiselwa, izitofu eziqinile ze-foam zibekwe phezu kwalo, zingena ngaphansi kwamandla (ngokwesibonelo, i-runneoid) ziboshwe kuma-slabs ngendlela yokuthi imiphetho yendwangu engu-150 mm ifaka udonga. Emva kwalokho, kuthululelwa ukhonkolo onobukhulu bama-30-50 mm kuthululelwa, okunconywayo ukuqinisa ukuqeda ukuguquguquka kwekhekhe lokushisa elifudumele.

Indawo engangeni manzi egumbini elingaphansi lendlu yangasese

Ukuthulula okwenziwe phansi phansi egumbini elingaphansi

Ukufudumeza kweminyango egumbini elingaphansi

Isigaba sokugcina, esizovimba ukutholwa komoya obandayo kusuka engaphansi okuhlanzisiwe emnyango wegumbi elisengozini yokuqala yendlu.

Ukugcina

Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa okuphelele kokungaphansi kwendlu yangasese kuzokwandisa ubukhulu bokusetshenziswa kwesisekelo esingaphansi, kuzonciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa nokunciphisa izindleko zokushisa.