Kuze kube manje, izitini zingenye yezinto ezivame ukwenziwa zokwakha ezisetshenziselwa ukubeka isisekelo, izindonga zezakhiwo ngisho nokubhekana nazo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zaleli tshe, ezihlukile phakathi kwazo ngesakhiwo, ukwakheka, ifomu, ukubukeka nombala. Uma ufuna ukubeka ukubekwa kwezindonga ezitini zesikhathi eside, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukubona ubuchwepheshe obufanele kanye ne-snip.
Amathuluzi we-masonry
Kungakhathaleki ukuthi hlobo luni lwezitini ozolusebenzisa ekwakheni, udinga ukuthatha ithuluzi elifanele.
Qiniseka ukuthi ukudala isitayela kufanele kulungiswe nguKelma, uma kungenzeka, thatha izinhlobo ezimbili. Ubuye udinga i-hammer-kirk, ukucisha okukhethekile kanye nokuhleleka kokucubungula umhlobiso wokuhlobisa emalungeni ezitini.
Lapho izitini zigxiliwe emklamweni owodwa wonke, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi yonke imigqa izolala kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa intambo emincane noma umugqa wokudoba, kanye nama-plumbers kanye nezinga elikhethekile. Lawa mathuluzi asize asuse ukubekelwa ukushelela futhi angashintsha i-angle ehlobene ne-Horizon. Akekho umakhi ochwepheshe osebenza ngaphandle kwalezi zinto.
Ukuze ugcine isikhathi sakho, kufakwa udaka kasimende, kufakwa i-concrete mixer. Kuhle ngokuxova isixazululo esiningi, ngaphandle kwalokho, akudingeki uchithe amandla amaningi, ukuxuba izakhi. Kuzokwanela ukuthela inani elifunekayo lamanzi, ukulondolozela ukuvumelana okuthile kwesisindo sikasimende. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa i-perforator esikhundleni sokuxubana ngokhonkolo nge-nozzle ekhethekile - i-wedge. Esitsheni esincane, ikhambi lishaywa, kancane kancane lingeza amanzi.
Uma isitini sibekwa ezindongeni zobude obukhulu ngokwanele, ungasebenzisa ingemuva le-hydroelectric. Ikuvumela ukuthi ulawule isikhundla esivundlile sodonga uqobo.
Amathuluzi ayadingeka futhi ukuqeda amaphutha ezindaweni ezithile zezakhiwo.
Ividiyo "Ukulala ngezandla Zakho"
Kusuka kuvidiyo uzofunda ukuthi ungawenza kanjani ama-maroon ngezandla zakho.Umsebenzi wokulungiselela
Ngemuva kokulungiselela ithuluzi elidingekayo lonke lokubeka izindonga ezithwala kanye nezindonga zasendlini, udinga ukulungisa izinto zokwakha. Ngaphambi kokusebenza, kungakuhle ukubala amavolumu ka usimende, isihlabathi, izitini nezinye izinto.
Khumbula ukuthi kungcono kakhulu ukuthola konke nge-margin, ngoba ngesikhathi sokufaka lapho kuzohlala kungadliwa izindleko ezingalindelekile: isitini, izitsha, ukomisa, njll.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Senza umbhoxo omuhle ezintweni ezindala ngezandla zawo
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubala kahle ukuthi zingaki izitini zizoya odongeni lwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uzodinga ukuthenga itshe elilahlekile noma okunye okuqukethwe kwinqubo yomsebenzi wokwakha, okungakaze kuphele. Ivolumu yetshe libalwa ngesisekelo sobukhulu bodonga lomthwali wesikhathi esizayo, kwangaphakathi kuvame ukuphuma ngamatshe amancane. Kulokhu, ukuphakama kwezindonga kunqunywe, khona-ke ubude bezitini uqobo, kuya ngendlela yokubeka.
Okwezindonga zangaphakathi, izitini zingaxazululwa ngesisombululo ubude, kanye nabathwali - ngaphesheya kodonga. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ecaleni lokugcina, i-polikirpich kuphela ezophuma. Ngakho-ke, odongeni ophethe, ukubalwa kwevolumu kwenziwa ngenye inani - ububanzi betshe, hhayi isikhathi eside.
Uma ngokuzimela yenza ukubalwa kahle kwezinto zokwakha ezidingekayo, kunzima ukuxhumana nochwepheshe ngokushesha.
Lapho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi kunqunywe ukuthi isihlabathi kanye nesimende kudingeka kangakanani. Imvamisa, ikhambi lilungiselelwe ngesilinganiso esingu-4 kuye ku-1. Usimende uhlala ubeka okuncane, futhi lesi silinganiso siphezulu. Amanzi angezwa ngokuya ngokuthi ukuvumelana okufunwa yisikhathi. Ngaphambi kokuthela amanzi, isihlabathi esine usimende sivuswa, ngoba kuzoba nzima ukwenze. Isisindo kufanele sikhumbuze i-puree enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ikhambi ngeke lihlangane ngemuva kokufaka isicelo etsheni futhi some ngokushesha odongeni. Lapho isisindo sehla, kuzodingeka ukuthi sengeze amanye amanzi, ukugcina isixazululo se-viscous.
Lapho unendawo ekhiyiwe lapho kuzokwenziwa khona amacala, udinga ukubola izitini ezithengiwe eceleni kwesisekelo ukuze ungadingi ukufeza impahla ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ngaphambi kokusebenza esisekelweni, i-rubberoid kanye nemiphetho akudingekile, vumela ishidi lidlule ngaphezu kwemingcele yodonga. Kuzosiza ukukhipha umswakama ngokweqile.
Izinhlobo zama-masonry
Inani lezinto zokwakha ezidingekayo ukuze zisebenze njalo ngohlobo lweBrickwork. Imvamisa zihlukaniswa ngohlelo lokugqoka lwe-Jung lapho itshe selibekwe eduzane.
Enye yezinhlobo ezijwayelekile ilandelana. Iningi elisetshenziselwa izindonga zangaphakathi kanye nokuhlukaniswa. Imigqa yeTychkovy ishintshana ngesipuni bese ihamba komunye nomunye.
Umugqa owodwa we-multi munye umugqa wethayela nesipuni esiningana (kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-7). Qiniseka ukuthi umugqa wokuqala kufanele ube ngamawele, bese isipuni sizosuswa ngesendlalelo esilandelayo ngokuthuthwa okuncane (ePolipich).
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ukufakwa kwamakhethini agoqwe wena
Umugqa kathathu - uhlobo olukhethekile lwezinhlobonhlobo zemigqa eminingi, lapho ukufakwa kwemigqa emithathu yezipuni bese kushiwo thintatha. Ziwuthenga ngezipuni nazo ziboshwe ngemithungo ePilipich.
Kukhona nendlela enhle. Ukubeka kahle kuzovumela ubukhulu bodonga ku-pullipich, nokugqoka - ngokusebenzisa eyodwa ibe yimigqa emithathu.
Uhlobo lwesimanje kakhulu lwama-masonry luyinto ethuthukisiwe kahle. Kulokhu, i-bandage ithathelwa indawo ngokhonkolo okhanyayo, okuye kokunye okusebenzayo njengokufakwa okwengeziwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokusebenzisa eyodwa, imigqa emithathu evela ezindongeni kudingeka ikhiqize iziqu zezitini. Kuzovumela ukuhlanganisa ukuklama okwakhiwa okusha okwenziwe, okwenza njengezikhonkwane.
Ukugcwalisa umsebenzi wenziwa kusetshenziswa i-Rubble, ubumba, ukhonkolo ukhonkolo, isihlabathi sentaba, amaSlags noma i-polystyrere Foam.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo lwezinhlobo zama-masonry, zingahlukahluka ekugcwalisweni - okuqinile futhi okulula. Uma ngohlobo lokuqala, yonke into ibekelwe phansi, khona-ke ku-filler engasindi, izinsiza zokufakwa noma ukufakwa komsindo.
Ngobukhulu bengqimba: Masonry ku-polkirpich, eyodwa, eyodwa nesigamu, izinombolo ezimbili nezitini ezimbili nengxenye. I-Pilipich icishe ibe ngu-120 mm. Uma izingqimba zikhulu, khona-ke izingqimba zekhambi (5-10 mm) zingangezwa ebunzimeni.
Isitini sokuhlobisa sokuhlobisa sivame ukukhiqizwa ngokwesendlalelo esisodwa. Ubuchwepheshe bosinda kulokhu okuqukethwe.
Udonga lobuchwepheshe be-Masonry
Ngokwezobuchwepheshe bokwakha, ukwakhiwa kwezindonga ezithwala kuqala ngamakhona. Umngcele nawo wonke ama-angles abonisiwe. Kulokhu, ukwakheka okwenziwe nge-P kuthathiwe, lapho sibonisa khona amakhona. Izikhonkwane eziphakeme ziqhutshwa emhlabathini, bese ziwela ulayini noma intambo emincane ukudala umngcele ojwayelekile wodonga oluzayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola yonke i-diagonals ngosayizi owodwa - lokhu kuzosho ukuthi amakhona aqondile futhi afanayo.
Emva kwalokho, uhhafu wamatshe ubeka izintambo nge-co-oda.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungasisebenzisa kanjani i-Laser Level: Ukufundiswa
Hlola ngokucophelela izitini zezinkinga. Uma enesici esincane, esingaholela ekwakhekeni kwemifantu ngokucindezela okukhulu, khona-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa amatshe anjalo. Ungagcwalisa ingxenye eyize ye-multilayer masonry.
Uma izindonga ezithwala kuzosetshenziselwa izindonga ezithwala, khona-ke udinga ukubheka ukuthi kuyadingeka kulokhu. Ukuze uthole kahle masonry, kudingeka izindonga ezimbili, ezitholakala kude namasentimitha angama-35 ukusuka komunye nomunye. I-bandage yenziwa ngekota yesitini. Ukufakelwa komsebenzi kahle kumele kuphonswe ngokucophelela.
Njalo ngamasentimitha angama-50, kuthululelwa isixazululo esikhethekile ekuphakameni kokufakelwa, okuzovikela ku-umswakama nakwezinye izinto.
Ezindongeni eziphakathi nendawo, ama-masonry ku-polkirpich zivame ukusetshenziswa - ubuchwepheshe obulula futhi akadingi umthamo omkhulu wezinto zokwakha. Ungasebenzisa izitini ezihlobisa, uma ufuna ukunikela igumbi umklamo ongajwayelekile.
Uma abanikazi behlela ukukhiqiza ukuqeda kwangaphandle ekhaya, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isitini sokuhlobisa sizokhulisa ubukhulu bezindonga. Ukungabikho kwesikhala esingadingekile kuzokukhawulela ekukhetheni izinto zokuqeda.
Ukulungiswa kwe-brick masonry yezindonga ezingaphandle kwenziwa ngokuya ngezinga leso. Uma isici kungukuqhekeka okuncane, kwanele ukuhogela ngesisombululo. Vele, ayilungele ukuqedwa kokuhlobisa.
Udonga lokuhlobisa lwenzelwe ngqo ukudala ukubukeka okuhle ekhaya. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ungene esikhundleni zonke izingxenye lapho isici sibonwa khona. Isitini sokuhlobisa sidinga ukususwa odongeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, usike ingxenye egayayo yodonga ngetshe, futhi esikhundleni salokho kunesinye isitini sokuhlobisa. Ama-slots kumele agcwalise ngokufanayo nesisombululo. Ngemuva koma, ungathatha iphepha elihle le-emery, futhi uhlanze indawo lapho isixazululo singena khona etsheni lokuhlobisa.
Uma ezinye izinto zokwakha zisetshenziswe njengesiqephu sokuhlobisa, khona-ke isici asilula kangako (kuya ngobuchwepheshe). Ukuze wenze lokhu, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe ungqimba olulodwa lokufafaza bese ulishintsha lube olusha.
Ividiyo "yezinhlobo zenqwaba"
Ukusuka kuvidiyo uzofunda ngezinhlobo zama-ligaments.