Njengamanje, uKevlar usephenduke isamba esijwayelekile sezingubo kanye nemishini yabantu abaphila impilo yabo ehlala engcupheni: amasosha kanye neSilovikov, ama-Astronauts, abasubathi kanye nabacishi bomlilo. I-Kevlar Fibers isetshenziswa yonke indawo, lapho amandla aphezulu adingekayo, aqala ngamathayi ezithuthi futhi aphela ngamacala akwa-yacht, ubuchwepheshe babo bukhula njalo. . Lokhu kwatholakala kwatholakala uhhafu weminyaka yekhulu edlule, futhi abaningi babonakale bexakile ukuthi lona wesifazane waba ngumbhali wakhe.
Uvela kanjani uKevlar?
Kungokomfanekiso ukuthi ukusungulwa kwalolu fiber oluhlukile uStephanie Kolk ebuntwaneni othandwa kakhulu ukuthunga izingubo zonodoli. Ngemuva kwesikole, wathola usokhemisi okhethekile eCarnegie University, kodwa waphupha ngomuthi. Ukuthola imali yokufunda eNyuvesi, ngo-1946 le ntombazane yaqala ukusebenza ekukhathazekeni okudumile kweDupont, yasheshe yabona ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe wawusengamakhemikhali. Ngo-1964, iqembu laseKollyk lasebenza ekuthuthukisweni kokukhiqizwa kwama-polyyamiamides - izinto ze-polymeric ezinesakhiwo esakhiwe ngenduku engathatha indawo yentambo yamathayi. Ukwenqaba kwendlela yokuncibilikisa, uStephanie wakwazi ukuthola uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwesixazululo, lapho kudlula izihlungi ziphenduke imicu e-ARAMID.
Lapho i-fiber ephumayo iqala ukuvivinya amandla, abacwaningi banquma ukuthi imishini yadiliza - amandla ento entsha ayedlula amahlandla ayisihlanu.
Into entsha ebizwa nge-kevlar, yathola ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiso ngeminyaka. Kwaqala ukusebenzisa ukukhiqizwa kwamathayi, izintambo izimbambo, izinto ezihlanganisiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlaka zamasosha nezamandla zikhokhelwe amandla aphezulu ezinhlamvu ze-polyaramid, inhloso yazo kwakuwukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zomuntu ngamunye zokuvikela. Umqondo wezembatho zempi yomzimba uvele ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (umbhali wayo kwakungumbhali uConan Doyle), kepha amapuleti endabuko wendabuko ayenzima futhi weqa ukunyakaza.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Amaphepha ePhepha enza ngokwakho. Izifanekiso
Ochwepheshe be-American National Institute of Justice iminyaka eminingana basebenzise ucwaningo olunzulu, lapho bekukhombisa ukuthi ukumelana nokuvuthika kwepulver kuvame kakhulu amakhaleri angama-38 kunikeza izicubu zeKevlar ezingxenyeni eziyisikhombisa. Isigaba sokugcina sokuhlolwa kwensimu sikhombisile ukuthi amandla empi yezikhali zomzimba encipha ngokuma komhlaba nalapho evezwa imisebe ye-UV. Kwatholakala futhi ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-Kevlar Tessue ikhulisa izakhiwo zayo zokuvikela ngemuva kwama-stycrics ambalwa, nokuthi awakubekezeleli ukuhlanza okumhlophe nowomile.
Umphumela wentuthuko ethuthukisiwe kwakuyimbatho yengubo kaKevlar enombambo wezicubu ezingangeni manzi, ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwesendlalelo esiqinisiwe emanzini nelanga . Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigqoko ze-kevlar, amagilavu, izicathulo ze-insole, njll. Kuqale ukusebenzisa njengendlela yokuvikelwa komuntu ngamunye.
Izakhiwo ze-ARAMID Fibers
Ngaphezu kwamandla aphezulu, iKevlar inezinye izakhiwo eziningi ezihlukile, okungukuthi:
- Lapho uthintana nomlilo namazinga okushisa aphezulu, le fiber ayishisi, ingabhemi futhi ayincibiliki;
- UKevlar akanobuthi futhi awuqhumi;
- Izinga lokushisa le-thermoaming yalo lingama-430-450 degrees;
- Amandla wefayimu anomile aqala ukwehla kancane kancane lapho eshisa ngaphezu kwama-150 degrees;
- Lapho iqhwa, iKevlar iba namandla kuphela, iyakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa ama-crygenic (kuze kube -200 degrees);
- Lokhu okuqukethwe yi-insulator kagesi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indwangu kaKevlar ibonakala ngokuthamba, hlamba kwe-hygroscoScopicity kanye nekhono lokushintshaniswa komoya, futhi likhululekile kakhulu lapho lisetshenziswa. Kuliqiniso, lokhu akusebenzi ezingutsheni ezenzelwe ukusebenza ezimeni zokusebenza kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ukwandisa ukumelana nokushisa, iKevlar imbozwe nge-aluminium. Izinto ezibonakalayo ezivela ku-fiber ngokuthembekile zivikela ngokumelene nemisebe yokushisa enamandla, ukuxhumana nama-hots ashisa ama-500 degrees, kanye nakwi-splashes yensimbi eshisayo.
Kufanele futhi ingezwe ukuthi lokhu okuqukethwe kulula kakhulu - imitha eyodwa yendwangu inesisindo esingu-30-60 g, futhi yize kungabizi (kusuka ku- $ 30 ngemitha yesikwele enhle), izakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela zithethelela ngokuphelele izindleko ezinjalo. Ezinye zishibhile yizinto ezivikelayo eziqiniswa yi-Kevlar Threads, ezinikeza ukumelana nokuqhuma nokuqhekeka okuxakayo. Izindwangu ezinjalo zisetshenziselwa ukufakwa okuvikela ekusebenzeni nasezemidlalo, amagilavu, kanye nama-stelks anqabile. Ukunakekela imikhiqizo evela kubo kulula kakhulu. Akufanele:
- kuvame ukugeza;
- amakhemikhali ahlanzekile amakhemikhali;
- ukuvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga.
Isihloko ngesihloko: ingadi yenza-ngokwakho - izinto zokugula ezinezithombe zemibono
Ufaka kuphi uKevlar?
Leli fuber eliphakeme lithola ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kakhulu - kusuka embonini yezindiza kanye ne-Space kuya kwezemidlalo nezingubo zokuvakasha. UKevlar uza emakethe ngendlela yentambo, intambo, indwangu, kanye nengxenye yezinto zokwakha ezihlanganisiwe nezihlanganisiwe . Izindlela eziphambili zokusetshenziswa kwazo yilezi:
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamathayi aqinisiwe;
- Ukwenza izintambo ze-Copper ne-fiber optic;
- Izinhlelo ze-Hydrotechnical negesi-zezimboni zengcindezi ephezulu;
- Ubuchwepheshe be-Aviation ne-Space;
- Ukwakha umkhumbi;
- ama-prosthetics nemikhiqizo yama-orthopedic;
- izindlela zokuvikelwa komuntu ngamunye ebuthweni, izinhlaka zamandla, abantu abasebenza ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu;
- I-Sportswear nemishini.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze singalindela ukuthuthuka kwalesi sifundo esihle kanye namathuba amasha okusetshenziswa kwawo.