Ibhulokhi kagesi-ukhonkolo iyisitayela sokwakha ngesakhiwo se-porous. Kukhiqizwa kusuka kuso usimende, amanzi, lime echotshoziwe, isihlabathi kanye netshe le-aluminium, futhi i-aluminium powder ingezwa njengengxenye eyakha igesi. Ukhonkolo olwenziwe akhiqizwa kuphela kwimishini ekhethekile efektri. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukwakha indlu ngokhonkolo ongezwe.
Izindlu ezivela emabhulokini kakhonkolo anezinwele - ama-plus kanye ne-Cons
Ukhonkolo ongezwe usetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zesimo sezulu ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zezimboni nezindlu. Inesisindo esiphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kwama-30 kg), kanye nezitini ezingama-30 zingangena esikhundleni sezitini ezingama-30. Yakha indlu kusuka emabhulokini akhonkolo angenayo kanye nezandla zakho.
Izici Ezinhle:
- Ngenxa yesakhiwo somoya-porous, i-pesoblock inezindawo ezinhle zokushisa nezakhiwo ezizwakalayo;
- kukhiqizwe kusuka ezingxenyeni ezingafinyeleleki, i-fireproof;
- inokuphikiswa okuphezulu kweqhwa kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo ende;
- kumazinga emvelo, ukhonkolo ongezwe ubhekwa njengento ephephile;
- Akukhonjelwa ukubola, ukwakheka kokubumba, njengoba kwenziwa ngezinto zokusetshenziswa kwamaminerali;
- Kuyinto elula ukucubungula, kulula ukwakha indlu yanoma yimuphi umklamo nokwenza umnyango we-arched noma iwindi;
- Ngenxa yesisindo esiphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwamasu wokuphakamisa akudingekile;
- Hhayi ngaphansi kokubhujiswa kusuka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet kanye nezulu;
- Okuqukethwe kokushisa - lapho kufudushwa ilanga, igumbi ngaphakathi alisho ngokweqile, futhi ngesikhathi esibandayo kungahambi;
- Ukuqeda ngaphandle noma ukufakwa okwengeziwe okushisayo kwenziwa ngokuya ngesimo sezulu futhi akuphoqelekile.
Izinto ezilwa nokushisa zincike odongeni kanye nohlobo lukakhonkolo olwenziwe. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kweyunithi ye-D600 nobubanzi obungama-20 cm kunenkomba ka-0.71 w / m · k, 30 cm - 0,45 w / m · k, m, m · k. Uma i-D400 Brand isetshenziswa: 20 cm - 0.50 w / m · k, 30 cm - 0,31 w / m · k, cm 40 cm - 0.25 w प / m · m.
Izici Ezingalungile:
- I-Hygroscopic - Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa amabhlogo wokwakhiwa kwe-sauna, igumbi le-Steam noma okugeza ngaphandle kwe-vaporizolation eyengeziwe;
- Ama-masonry akhonkolo ahlanganisiwe, njenganoma iyiphi enye into yamatshe, idinga isisekelo esihlala isikhathi eside ukuze i-deformation ingenzeki;
- I-Plaster Work inzima, ngoba ukhonkolo osulwe unobuso obushelelezi, obudinga ukungeza kwikhambi lePVA;
- Ngokuqinisa, ama-fasteners akhethekile ayadingeka.
Ngokwakhiwa okuzimele, indlu kakhonkolo ebekiwe inganwetshwa ngezinhlelo zokwakha ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhlogo kaphethiloli ngosayizi anezitini eziningi, ngakho-ke, 1 M2 izodinga imizuzu engama-20.
Iqoqo lamathuluzi wokwakha
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokwakhiwa kwendlu kakhonkolo ebekiwe, kufanele ulungiselele wonke amathuluzi adingekayo nezinto zokwakha. Ngokwakhiwa ngakunye kuzodingeka:- intambo yokumaka imisele, i-roulette;
- amafosholo, isikhafu, i-kirk edingekayo e-Earthworks;
- Hacksaw yokusika amabhlogo, ukuthwala imithamo nge-glue, scoop, Celma, Twink, Brush, Polishing, Izinga Lokwakha, IHamsando enjoloba, Igumbi. Zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokubekwa kukagesi;
- Ama-blades abumba ama-blades namawele, ukusikeka, ukugqwala, amabhulashi, ama-spatulas, i-vest - ukufaka isicelo sokulungiswa kanye nemisebenzi yokuqeda;
- UStrokesis wenzelwe ukomisa ama-grooves ngaphansi kokubekwa kokuqiniswa nokuzintambo;
- Ugesi uyasebenza ukuphuza ama-grooves ajulile;
- I-Electrode enomqhele wokubamba izimbobo zokushintshwa nezisekelo.
Ukhonkolo olwenziwe kahle usuculwe kahle ngamathuluzi alula. Ngenxa yalokhu, usebenzisa amadivayisi alula, ungashesha futhi ubeke amabhlokhi aphezulu. Futhi ngosizo lwe-chisel ejwayelekile, ungakwazi ukwenza ukuqedwa kokuhlobisa.
Indawo yokubeka
Ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi wokwakha esizeni kuyadingeka ukubeka i-driveway ngemfucumfucu enkulu, ukuze kungabikho zinkinga ngezinto zokuhamba kanye nemishini ekhethekile ngokuzayo. Indawo yendlu yesikhathi esizayo ihlanjululwa ngezinto ezingadingekile kanye nodoti.
Isihloko ngesihloko: iphepha lokunamathisela odonga iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni izinhlobo: isithombe, ukuthi ungajezisa kanjani izinketho ezihlukile, zamakamelo, ukunamathisela okuhle, imibono, izitika zokuklama, umbala, ividiyo
Kutholwa uhlelo lwezindawo ezingomakhelwane lapho indlu nezindawo zihlelelwa khona izakhiwo zomnotho. Ngosizo lwe-roulette, isikhonkwane nentambo kubekwe indawo ngaphansi kokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Izikhonkwane zivalwa emhlabathini emakhoneni okuphela, futhi intambo yeluliwe phakathi kwazo. Ukumakwa kwesisekelo sangaphandle kwendlu kwenziwa ngokubuyela emuva kusuka entanjeni eseluliwe ebubanzilweni besisekelo esizayo, welule ngokuhambisana nentambo yakhe. Ukubheka ubunzi bokuvutha kwe-perimeter yelula izintambo nge-diagonally.
Silungiselela imisele
Phambi kwesigaxa somsele, kuyadingeka ukuthola uhlobo lomhlabathi endaweni yesikhathi esizayo ekhaya. Inhlabathi ingaba yi-Stony enkulu, okwenza kube nzima ukonakalisa imisele, noma okuphambene nalokho, sandy, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka kube nokuncipha kwalo. Kufanele kubalwe ukuthi yikuphi ukujula nobubanzi umsele obuzokwenjwa. Uma kuneziqu noma izihlahlana ezinezihlahla eziphazamisa indawo yokwakha, zisusiwe, noma zishukumise ukwakhiwa okuzayo. Ukususwa kwesihlahla esikhulu kungabiza kakhulu nangesikhathi eside.Umsele wegumbi
Ungamba umsele uqobo - ngosizo lwefosholo, noma ukumba umgibeli. Lapho umhlaba uvuvukele phansi komsele, uyahlanzwa, ngoba ngisho nangesikhathi sokuhlangana kuzohlala kukhululekile. Ukujula komsele kuncike ezingeni lokuqandisa, ububanzi ngu-70-80 cm, noma lilingana nobubanzi be-concrete yodwa (umgodi ngaphansi kwe-monolithic slab). Uma inhlabathi ikhululekile futhi yavela, bese ufaka izihlangu kusuka emabhodini. Ngezansi komsele wenza umcamelo wesihlabathi, ubukhulu bambane ngo-15-20 cm., Kuhle ukuphazamisa.
Senza isisekelo
Isisekelo se-tepi noma i-monolithic senziwa ngaphansi kwendlu kakhonkolo. Ukukhethwa kwesisekelo esifunekayo kuya ngezimpawu zobuchwepheshe zenhlabathi namakhono ezezimali. Inqubo yomsebenzi ingahanjiswa ezitebhisini:- Senza amafomu;
- Beka ukuqiniswa;
- Thela ukhonkolo.
Ukufaka amafomathi
Ifomu liyisikhungo esivela emabhodini, izihlangu, ama-block entweni ngaphansi kokugcwaliswa kokhonkolo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: ezisuswa - ngemuva kokomisa ikhambi zidilizwa, kanti ezingaziwa - zihlala njengokufakwa okwengeziwe kwe-thermal.
Ifomu lokulayisha liyakhiwa kusuka ku-polystyrererererere ekhishwe e-polystyrene, ukhonkolo we-arbolit noma we-ceramzite. Ngayinye yezinto zokwakha inezakhiwo zayo zombili ezinhle nezimbi.
Ngaphambi kokubeka amabhlokhi amafomu ezansi komsele, izinto ezingena ngaphansi kwamanzi noma ifilimu eliqinisiwe. Sebenza ekubekeni amafomu kwenza ekhoneni, hambisa uzungeleza, ubabeke e-Order Checker. Uma kunemifino yokuxhuma emabhulokini, khona-ke kufanele kube phezulu. Ukufaka ukufakwa kuhlolwe ngentambo yeluliwe kanye nezinga.
Hlala Ukufakelwa
Ngaphambi kokufaka umugqa wokuqala wefomethi yeteyiphu, izinduku zensimbi zilingana kuma-grooves bese zibopha ngocingo. Kufakwe ukuqiniswa emuva okuphezulu kwe-Vertical bese unamathisela ukuze uqonde. Ngemuva kokuphakama okufiselekayo kwefomu kwakhiwa, ukuqiniswa kuyanqunywa.Gcwalisa ukhonkolo
Ukugcwaliswa kokhonkolo kungcono esimweni sezulu esomile nesingafanele ukugwema ukukhululwa noma ukuhwamuka komswakama ovela kwikhambi. Ukulungiselela isixazululo sikakhonkolo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme ka-M400 noma m500. Isihlabathi sasebenza ngaphandle kokungcola komhlaba nobumba, mhlawumbe uMfula. Amanzi kufanele ahlanzeke, awahlanzekile. Ama-fillers amakhulu alingana netshe elichotshoziwe.
Isilinganiso sikasika usimende esihlabathini - 1: 4, kuya ku-rubble - 1: 2, ukuze amanzi - 1: 0.5. Uma kusetshenziswa isihlabathi esimanzi, khona-ke inani lamanzi liyancipha.
Ekushiseni okungu-minus ukuze uqede umkhondo wekhambi, kufakwa ipulasitiki. Uma kwakhiwa indlu encane, khona-ke ingasetshenziselwa ukuvuselela i-conkcrete concrete mixer, futhi ngendawo enkulu yokugcwalisa isisekelo kungcono ukusebenzisa ingxube kakhonkolo eqediwe. Kuyadingeka endaweni enjalo ukuze ube nokwanele ukugcwalisa yonke indawo ngasikhathi. Ukhonkolo okhukhulewe ucubungulwa nge-vibrotambovka ukususa ukungabi nalutho futhi ngokulinganayo usabalalise le ngxube.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungayifaka kanjani ukukhiya okuphezulu komnyango ngokhuni
Sakha izindonga
Ukusetshenziswa kokhonkolo ongezwe njengento yokwakha yokwakhiwa kwezindonga kukuvumela ukuthi uzuze izinkomba ezinhle ngamandla nasesakhiweni esishisayo. Amabhulokhi angasindi futhi anamasayizi amakhulu, okuvumela ukuthi wakhe izindonga zendlu nendawo eyi-150-200 m2 kuphela izinyanga eziyi-1-1. Umsebenzi wokwakha ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:- Beka umugqa wokuqala;
- Faka imigqa yesi-2 ne-3;
- Ukulungiselela amawindi ewindi namafasitela;
- Ama-jumpers kumawindi nama-windows sill;
- I-armphoyas inter-storey.
Sibeka umugqa wokuqala
Sisusa udoti, uthuli namanzi angena emanzini avela phezulu kwesisekelo. Sasibeka kulo lonke udonga lwasekhaya. Ukubeka ukufakwa kungcono hhayi ukubhala, kepha kufanelekile.
Ukubalwa komugqa wokuqala, kusetshenziswa usimende kasimende, ngoba phezulu kwesisekelo akenzeki kahle impela. Ukusetshenziswa kwengxube kuzosiza ukuvumelanisa konke ukungahambi kahle, ukubekezelela kahle amaphethiloli.
Ubukhulu obuncane bogqinsi lodaka ungqimba ungqimba lungu-1 cm, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthola i-engela ephezulu kakhulu esisekelweni esisebenzisa izinga. Kuyena bese uqala ukubeka amabhlogo kaphethiloli, uhlala ebhekisa ebufakazini. Kwenze ngemuva kwebhlokhi ngalinye elibekiwe.
Ama-masonry aqhutshwa kuwo wonke umngcele wendlu nasezindongeni ngaphakathi kwalo, ungakhohlwa ukulungisa ngisho nalelo zinga. Kuyinto elula ukusebenzisa amabhlogo kaphethiloli ngokuqinisa "groove-Ridge" - kulula ukuyibeka futhi uyidlulisele. Futhi ukuze kube lula futhi ukonga isikhathi ama-pallet anamabhulokhi abekwe ngaphakathi kwezokwakhiwa.
Yenza imigqa ye-2nd ne-3
Ngaphambi kokubeka umugqa omusha wamabhulokhi kaphethiloli, ingaphezulu kwalo langaphambilini kumele liboshwe nge-polishing. Lokhu kwenziwa ukunamathela okungcono kwe-glue phakathi kwamabhulokhi, njengoba kusetshenziswa ku-0.5-0.7 cm.
Umugqa wesibili ubekelwe e-angle nge-shift esigabeni se-block (okungenani i-8 cm) ukuze umthungo ovela e-petosblocks ebekiwe awuhambisani nezinhlu ezedlule. I-glue isetshenziswa kusetshenziswa ukuthwala imithamo noma ibhakede elikhethekile elinezindwangu. Amabhulokhi kaphethiloli asondele ngangokunokwenzeka komunye nomunye, uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa isando senjoloba. Umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu, njengoba i-glue ibanjwa ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15. Emazingeni okushisa asuselwa ku -15 ° C Sebenzisa i-glue ngezithasiselo ezikhethekile.
Faka amabhlogo wemigqa yesithathu nelandelayo. Kuyadingeka ukubheka njalo ubunzi bokubiwa kwamabhulokhi wegesi. Ukubheka ukhonkolo ohleliwe endaweni yeminyango yesikhathi esizayo noma amafasitela, akuhlali kungenzeka ukuthi uzibeke ukuze zingakhulumi ku-pereg. Ngale nkinga, kulula ukubhekana nosizo lwe-hacksaw ejwayelekile enamazinyo amade. Ukulala bushelelezi, kusetshenziswa ikona elikhethekile.
Ukulungiselela izindonga ngaphansi kwefasitela namafasitela
Ukwenza ukuqiniswa kokuvulwa kwewindows kudinga umugqa owodwa ngezansi kwefasitela elizayo. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisa izindonga lapho kuzoba khona iwindi. Kulokhu, kunemifino emi-2 endeves esezingeni eliphansi lodonga. Imisele kufanele ibe mkhulu ohlangothini ngalunye nge-30 cm Windows. Ukuqiniswa kugcizelelwe futhi kuthululwe ngodaka kasimende. Ukufakwa okuthe xaxa kwamabhulokhi kakhonkolo ahlanganisiwe kwenziwa kwi-glue, ngokulandelana okulungile, kuthathwa ngewindows neminyango.Ukwenza ama-jumpers amawindi neminyango
Ngaphezulu kweminyango nezinqubo zewindi kuyadingeka ukufaka ama-jumpers ukuze kuqulwe udonga. Ungakwenza lokhu ngezindlela eziningana:
- Inketho elula ukuthenga okulungile.
- Amabhulokhi kakhonkolo abunjiwe e-U arepated angasetshenziswa. Ngaphezulu komnyango noma ngewindows kwenziwa ebhodini lesipele. Inombolo edingekayo yama-peroblocks amise ama-proslocks ahlanganiswe ndawonye abeke endaweni oyifunayo. Ngaphakathi kwamabhulokhi kubekwe ekuqinisweni nasekuthuthelwe ngodaka kasimende.
- Amabhlokhi alula kagesi-ukhonkolo we-glue futhi ushaye uStroke 3 imisele emide kubo. Beka ukuqiniswa bese uthele inhlanganisela yesimende-sandy. Banikeza owomile cishe amahora angama-24. Babeka ama-jumpers anjalo ku-Outlook hhayi ebanzi kune-1 imitha kanye nokuqiniswa phansi phansi.
Izikhala phakathi kodonga nama-jumpers zibekwa ngamabhulokhi kaphethiloli wezici ozifunayo.
Ukumaketha kwe-armophoyas
I-ArMOPOIS isendlalelo sokhonkolo oqinisiwe, ogcwele phakathi kwamabhulokhi. Siyadingeka ukudlulisa amandla omklamo wodonga lonke nokufakwa kwe-mauerlat.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Amakhethini asegumbini lokulala elingaphakathi: umbala, ukwakheka, izinhlobo, indwangu, izitayela, izithombe ezingama-90
Emaphethelweni ezindonga zangaphandle, amabhlogo kaphethiloli afakwa, ama-10 cm ububanzi, akha umsebenzi wamafomu. Esikhundleni esiphumela phakathi kwamabhulokhi kufanelekile ukuqiniswa futhi kuthululwe ngesisombululo.
Okwenyusa i-mauerlat e-armophoyas mpo coustforment izinduku zokuqinisekiswa ngocingo olusikiwe kubo. Izikopelo zisethwe kude ne-1-1,5 m kusuka komunye nomunye.
Uphahla
Odongeni lwe-armopoyas, impahla evunyelwanga amanzi iyachithwa futhi i-mauerlat (izingodo zokusekela) iboshwe. Kunamathiselwe kuma-hairpin ngamantongomane. Emakhoneni okuklanywa, imigoqo yokusekela ibopha kubakaki bensimbi. Ukuqiniswa kwenziwa, okungukuthi, ububanzi bokwenza kwalolokwakha kwabeka imigoqo eguqukayo. Ngaphezu kobude bendlu, izintambo ezi-2 zeBruusyev (Lezhenny) zihleliwe ukuze zikude zikude komunye nomunye futhi zivela emaphethelweni. Isibonelo, uma ububanzi bendlu bungu-10 m, leli banga lizoba ngu-3.3 m.
Ezengxenyeni ezinosizo lwamabakaki, amakhona noma izipikili zifakwa ama-racks ama-mpo eziqonde phezulu ebangeni elingu-2-2,5 m. Zifakiwe maqondana nale nhlangothi zombili. Ngesibopho esingcono, ngaphezulu kwama-racks ukufana nobubanzi bophahla kuyaqiniswa. Ngemuva kwalokho ifakwe ku-rack yokhuni evela ezinhlangothini zombili kanye nobude bophahla lwe-Longitudinal Beams - Run. Ziyadingeka ukuze zisekele izindonga.
Ukufakwa kwe-rafter kuqala kusuka emaphethelweni ophahla, ukwenza ibanga elilinganayo phakathi kwabo. Ingxenye engezansi yazo ihlelwe kuMauerlat, kanti phezulu kunamathele ekumileni okuphambene ne-rapid Bruus. Ngamandla wokwakhiwa kwawo wonke ama-atticwards, qinisa ngemigoqo esebenzayo.
Ngaphambi kokubeka impahla ephahleni, kwenziwa umhlaba. Isekelwe kulo, okwenza ngakwesokunxele naphansi. Ngohlobo ngalunye lwezinto ezibonakalayo kudinga ama-fasteners awo.
Umsebenzi wokuqeda
Izindonga zokukhipha amafutha zishiya amaphaneli noma ama-sandwich. Lapho zifakiwe, kuyadingeka ukushiya igebe phakathi kwamabhulokhi kaphethiloli nezinto zokwakha. Kuyadingeka ukususa umswakama ongangena ngezikhala ezahlukahlukene.Umhlobiso wangaphakathi wezindonga ezivela kukhonkolo ongezwe wenziwa emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kune-10 ° C. Uma kunama-chip, adubule imiphetho, izimbobo ebusweni bamabhulokhi, agcwele ingxubevange. Izingxenye ezivelelayo ezindongeni zigcotshwa umpheki wokugaya.
Ngaphakathi, izindonga zikakhonkolo ezihleliwe zihlukaniswe ngodaka noma i-plasterboard. Emva kwalokho, bangapenda, babi noma bahlangane nezinye izinto.
Ukufaka izindonga ngengxube ekhethekile yamabhulokhi kagesi, okufunwa ngokuya ngemiyalo yomenzi.
Isilinganiso esilinganiswayo sokwakha
Ukwakhiwa kwendlu kuqala ngokudalwa kwephrojekthi futhi kusebenze ukuthola izici zenhlabathi. Izindleko zincike kumanani ezinhlangano.
Qhubeka nokunquma izindleko zokwenza isisekelo. Ngendlu ka-10 × 10 m ngosayizi:
- Isizinda seMonolithic (Isitofu) - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500-700;
- I-Ribbon - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300-500.
Uma wenza isisekelo se-monolithic ngokwakho, intengo izoba cishe isigamu.
Ngezindleko zamabhulokhi ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Kwama-M3, ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-210 kufanele asetshenziswe ekwakhiweni kwazo zonke izindonga. Okwe-masonry, cishe izikhwama eziyi-105 zeglue nazo zizodinga. Inani elijwayelekile le-250 k. Inani eliphelele - 250 × 105 = 26250 ama-ruble. I-armature yengezwa lapha. Kuzodingeka ngesitoko esingamakhilomitha ayi-1, futhi kuzobiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15. I-armophois izobiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-75.
Izindleko zokugqagqana zincike ohlotsheni lwezinto ezibonakalayo. Kuqala kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50. Intengo yophahla futhi ishintsha ekugcwalisweni. Ukuhlelwa kohlelo lwe-rafting kubiza cishe izinkulungwane eziyikhulu, okuvusa amaphahla kusuka ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-70, ukufakwa koboya bezimbiwa kwamaminerali - ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20-50. Indlu kakhonkolo ebekiwe ngaphandle komhlobiso, indawo engu-100 m2, eyakhiwe ngezandla zayo, izobiza cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1.