Uhlelo lokuphahla luyingxenye yedivayisi yophahla kusuka ngaphandle, okusekelwa yisakhiwo esisekelayo. Kubandakanya ukugcona nohlelo lwe-rafter. Unxantathu ongaphansi kwalesi simiso kufanele kube yinto enzima futhi enomnotho kakhulu equkethe izindawo ezinamathiselwe ezihlasela ophahleni.
Uhlelo lohlelo lwe-rafting lwe-lone yophahla.
Izici eziphambili ze-Sling System Node
Imihlangano eyinhloko yokugcwala kwesistimu ye-rafter yophahla kukhonjiswa ku-Fig. 1. Kusho ukuthi ubukhona be-rafter Foot (Mauerlat - 1), unyawo lwe-rafter (skate run - 2), ama-racks (ukuqinisa - 3). Idizayini yohlelo lweRafter yinto ephathina ethwala ophahleni.
Zonke izindawo zokuqina kophahla kufanele zibe namandla anele, lokhu kufanele zikhiphe degree ebalulekile engcupheni ehambisana nokuwa kophahla. Imiphumela yephutha evunyelwe lapho izinto zokuxhuma zingaba zingalindeke kakhulu.
Umdwebo 1. Imihlangano eyisisekelo yokugquma kohlelo lwe-rafter ophahleni: 1 - Mauerlat, 2 - Skate Run, 3 - Ukuqina.
Ekuqaleni, ukufakwa kwama-rafters ku-mauerlat phambi kwezindonga zezitini kunayo. Izindawo ezifanayo ziphinde zihlinzekwe ngamabhulokhi kusuka kukhonkolo, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukudala ibhande ekhonkolo eliqinisiwe lokuqina, futhi kuyadingeka ukufaka izikopelo ekwakhiweni kwalo. Indawo yabo kufanele ibe kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1.5 m kusuka komunye nomunye, futhi ububanzi babo kufanele bube ngaphezu kwe-14 mm. Ingaphezulu lama-studs kufanele lifakwe imidwebo ekhethekile.
I-Mauerlat iyavuthwa, okwenza izimbobo ezidingekayo ukuze ziboshwe yizinto kulo. I-holes ngayinye kufanele ibe nosayizi ohambisana nobubanzi be-hairpin, futhi igxathu lawo kumele lihambisane nebanga phakathi kwezikopelo. Ekupheleni ngakunye okuvela esithendeni esigqoke i-nati futhi silibambezele, ngenxa yokuthi amandla okuxhumana kwe-maurolat kanye nodonga liqinisekiswa. Xhuma ama-Rafters nge-Mauerlat elandelayo ukuze kungabi buthaka kwekhono lokuthela kwabo.
Ukuchazwa kwama-fasteners main wokufaka uhlelo lwe-rafter
Uma ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwendlu, kusetshenziswe ilogi eliyindilinga noma ibha, akudingekile ukudala i-armomaamas. Ukuxhumeka kweRafter kukhiqizwa kubha ephezulu kungaba ku-Wall Log. Ngale njongo, amakhompiyutha we-mauerlat ane-rafters asebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubhala (ama).
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungawenza kanjani ikhabethe ephaseji ngezandla zakho
Yimaphi ama-fasseres ahleliwe ama-rafters wensimbi:
- Amapuleti.
- Ama-fasteners lk.
- Amakhona.
- Amabakaki we-ww.
- Samores.
- Izinhlobo zegumbi le-Kr.
- Izintambo ze-Wire.
- Kukhuphuka i-rubbon ye-ribbon.
- Ama-bolts namantongomane.
- Amabakaki we-ww.
Izimbotshana ezinzima ezinamakhanda.
Uma kubakaki kusetshenziswa lapho kuxhuma ama-rafters nge-mauerlat, ukufakwa kwabo kuma-rafters akukhiqizwanga, okusiza ukuqinisa umthamo wokuthwala. Imvamisa ukhiqize amabakaki ensimbi, futhi insimbi igcwele futhi inosayizi omkhulu we-0.2 cm. Amabakaki aqiniswa ngezipikili, ama-anchor bolts noma ama-screws.
Ungasebenzisa into ekhuphukayo ye-LK, udala izindawo zokunamathisela hhayi kuphela ama-rafters nge-mauerlat, kodwa nezinye izinto ezahlukene ezakha umklamo wesakhiwo. I-LK Fastener iqiniswa izinkuni, njengamabakaki, futhi okuhlukile kuzoba ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zehange le-bolts.
I-teping ekhuphukayo ye-purenet ikuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izindawo zokuxhuma lapho kwakhiwa izinhlelo zokuphahla. Kusetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ukudala izindawo ezihlala isikhathi eside, kepha futhi nokuqinisa izakhi zokusetshenziswa okwengeziwe ukuze kudluliswe ukuqina noma amandla ohlelo alonke. Bopha itheyiphu ekhuphukayo ebekiwe ngezikulufo noma izinzipho, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwama-rafters anoma yiluphi uphahla, ubuqotho balokho okungeke kwephulwe.
Ekhuphuka ama-rafters wesikimu.
Kusetshenziswa amakhona eKyrgyz Republic kanye nokuguqulwa kwawo okuhlukile, izindawo zokunamathisela ziyathuthukiswa ukuze zikwazi ukubamba iqhaza ngempumelelo lapho kuxhuma i-mauerlat kanye nama-rafter. Ukuqinisekisa amandla afanele ezinhlamvu zophahla avumelekile lapho usebenzisa amakhona, okwenza kunokwenzeka ukwandisa izici zokuvuthwa komklamo wophahla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezixhumanisa izici kusuka ku-metal akuhlotshaniswa nokufakwa kwamakhona ohlelweni lwamaphahla. Ngeke kube yisizathu sokwehlisa umthamo wokuthathwa kohlelo lokuphahla. Ukufaka izicelo zeCompund kungasetshenziswa ngezikulufo noma izipikili izinkampani zawo zifana nezindlebe.
Ngabe ama-node axhuma kanjani engxenyeni ye-skunk?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziphambili zokubopha ezingxenyeni ze-skate zohlelo lokuphahla:
- Ukuxhumana komsebenzi.
- Ukuqinisa okusekelwe ekugijimeni kwe-skate.
- Ukugoqa uJack Vangest.
Isihloko ngesihloko: amakhethini ansomi angaphakathi - umlingo wombala nokunambitha
Ukuze uqinise indlela yokuqala, chofoza ingxenye ye-Skate kusuka emaphethelweni aphezulu endaweni e-angle, okufanayo nekona yophahla lophahla. Lapho-ke uphumule kwi-rafter edingekayo, okufanele futhi itshalwe ngakolunye uhlangothi, kepha kusukela ohlangothini oluphambene nophahla. Ngokuncipha, amakhona kwesinye isikhathi asebenzisa ithempulethi ekhethekile.
Izipikili zokuxhuma ezihlanganisiwe ngaphansi kwesiketi kufanele kube ngu-150 mm nokuningi, zidinga izingcezu ezimbili. Isipikili ngasinye sivalwa emaphethelweni engxenyeni yawo ephezulu endaweni efanele. Ukuphela okubukhali kwesipikili esikhala kuvame ukungena ezindaweni ezi-sling ezivela ezinhlangothini eziphambene. Ukuqinisa i-Skate Joint kungatholakala ngokusebenzisa amapuleti kusuka ku-Metal ohlangothini noma ohlangothini lwamapulangwe ukuze kwanele ukuyidonsa ngama-bolts noma izipikili.
Isikimu sezinketho zokuqinisa i-wattated odongeni.
Ukuxhumeka ngendlela yesibili, okungukuthi, ngokusebenzisa i-ski Run, kuhlotshaniswa nokuqiniswa kwebhalwe ku-skate bar. I-Run kungenye yezindawo zokusekela ezengeziwe zokusekela noma ama-Bruson, okuyisipele se-rafters. Itholakala ngokufana nesiketi noma i-mauerlat. Indlela ihlukile kwangaphambilini ngeqiniso lokuthi kukhona ugongolo lwe-ski phakathi kwama-rafter asika engela, okuyinqubo edla isikhathi, ngakho-ke le ndlela isetshenziswa kaningi.
Indlela ivame kakhulu, okufana nowokuqala, kepha kuyahluka ngendlela yokuthi ukufakwa kwenziwa yi-bracket, futhi indlela ehlangene ayisetshenziswa. Ama-rafter kufanele axhumane nemikhawulo, hhayi indawo yokuhlala. Izinyathelo zama-raft kufanele zibe bolt noma tud, izipikili. Lokhu kuxhumana kusetshenziswa amakhosi amaningi ekusebenzeni.
Ngokuvamile, kungenzeka ukufaka ama-rafters ku-mauerlat ngokwakha izinhlaka zophahla lwezinhlelo zokuphamba, ezi-spacer noma zehluleka. Lokhu kunquma ukukhetha kwendlela ehambisanayo ye-mauerlat ne-rafter, engafana ne-skate.
Ukushiyeka okuyisisekelo lapho ufaka umhlangano wohlelo lweRafter
Inkinga yokukhetha indlela yokuqinisa uhlelo lwe-rafting ekwakhiweni kwalesi sakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kudala izindawo zokukhwela. Imvamisa, lapho kwakha izindawo zokufunda, iMauerlat isebenza njengokusekelwa kwe-rafter. Ukubekwa kwe-mauerlat Bruz kwenziwa "kuqinile" kusetshenziswa ama-anchor bolts enkolweni eqinisiwe yokuqina.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungawenza kanjani uthango kusuka ku-slate ngezandla zakho: Izinketho nezici zokufakwa
Isikimu sokuxhumeka kwe-skate kohlelo lwe-rafter.
Iphutha elingenzeka liyibhande elizimele elizimele, elingaholela ekutholeni imoto ye-mauerlat kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuqina kohlelo lomugqa wophahla. Uphahla lukhululiwe, nophahla selulele. Ngenxa yokubekwa okuyiphutha kwama-anchor bolts noma izimbobo ezenziwe ngokungalungile, iNtaba selivele lingaphumeleli.
Uma amantongomane eklebhulwa phansi ngama-bolts, umhlangano wokunamathisela uyanteka futhi uvezwa ukubhujiswa okugwayi. Ukwakha indawo yokunamathisela, i-wire twist kwesinye isikhathi iyasetshenziswa.
Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kohlelo lwe-rafter, ukuphepha kwamakhompiyutha kufanele kubhekwe.
Isibonelo, uma ukwakheka kwe-rafter kuhlanganiswe nokugqagqana ngaphandle kokucabanga umthamo othwala impahla ye-attic, khona-ke lesi yisikhathi esiyingozi kunazo zonke esingahle siholele ekubhujisweni kokwakhiwa.
Ama-rafty onamathisela ama-rafter eMauerlat.
Uma ukuqina kuguqulwa ku-Prepast Floor Beam, okuhloselwe ukugoba, ukusetshenziswa kwemigqa yokhonkolo ye-precast kufanele kusebenze ngenxa yokulungiswa kwawo okuqinile kubhande eliqinisiwe lokuqina kwe-sclap, okuhlelwe kusetshenziswa uhlaka lokugcizelela. I-eksisi yayo kufanele iye endaweni eyodwa ngamabutho akhona njengamanje.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuba khona kokushiyeka kwenqubo yokwakha uhlelo lwe-rafter, okuyinto eyakhiwe ngokhuni, okuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokungaqondi kwemisebenzi eyenziwe ngokuqinisa kanye ne-rigl kulo lonke uhlelo lokuphapha. Ukuqiniswa kuhlukile kuReiguel ngeqiniso lokuthi kungukude, kanti nogongolo lungugongolo oluguqukayo.
Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lweRafter kuhlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kohlelo lwe-Spacer olusebenza ngomgomo wokungafani ngaphansi kwezindiza ezansi kwezindiza, kodwa futhi umthwalo owela umgwaqo wazo wezindiza, okufanele ziphazamise ugongolo oluguqukayo, okungukuthi, ukuqina.
Ukuqalisa ngedivayisi yophahla, kufanele uthole zonke izikhathi ezihambisana nesabelo samaphutha athile okwenzeka lapho wenza umsebenzi kudivayisi yohlelo lolo. Ukuphahla kwensiza kuhlotshaniswa nobunzima obungaba khona kanye nokushiyeka okungavumeli ukufeza inhloso.