Isitebhisi esinezitebhisi ezimbili: izici zokuklama, ukubalwa nokufakwa

Ukwandisa inani lezakhiwo zokuhlala ezindlini zezwe kungenxa yesilinganiso sendawo yesibili, lapho kungadingekile ukukwenza ngaphandle kwezitebhisi ezikhethwe kahle. Muva nje, amamodeli weminyaka emibili yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nobukhulu aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu, ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamakamelo ezinhlaka ezizimele.

Le nto engaphakathi ayisebenzi kuphela ukunyakaza okuphephile kusuka egumbini elilodwa kuya kwelinye, kepha kungumhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wegumbi lokuhlala, igumbi lokudlela noma ihholo lokungena. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi yini okufanele ibe yizitebhisi ezingamahora amabili, futhi lapho incike ekukhetheni umklamo owodwa noma komunye umuntu.

Izici Zokwakha

Isitebhisi samahora amabili ngeplatifomu sifakiwe ukuze sinqobe ibanga phakathi kwezitezi zokuqala nezesibili. Isici esihlukile salezo zinhlaka kukhona ukuba khona kwezindawo ezihlukile, okuthiwa uhlelo lwezinyathelo oluhlanganiswe nesitebhisi esisodwa (lezi zingosi zichaze kahle amapharamitha). Umkhiqizo ungoMashi amabili axhunyiwe ngesiteji esisodwa esivundlile.

Ingxenye esemqoka ye-Design iyipulatifomu evundlile. Umsebenzi wakhe ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamazinga esitezi sokuqala nesesibili, futhi udlala indima yento ebalulekile. Ukwabiwa kwesakhiwo samahhala kukuvumela ukuthi ulethe izici zesimanje ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi, beka ifenisha entofontofo noma umhlobiso.

Isinqumo esinjalo kufanelekile ikakhulukazi lapho sihlela ukwakhiwa kwendlu yezwe noma inqubo yokuhlela ifulethi elisezingeni eliphansi. Ngaphandle, ukwakheka kubukeka kunesitayela futhi kunika igumbi ukuqedwa okunengqondo.

Izitebhisi ezinamateki amabili zingaba ngobabili ngeplatifomu futhi ngezinyathelo ezazifiphele. Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela i-angle enhle yokuphakamisa, nokuphakama kwezinyathelo ngokuya ngezinketho zendabuko.

Ama-pluses kanye nokubi kwezitebhisi zesikhathi ezimbili

Njenganoma iyiphi into yokwakha, izitebhisi ezinkuni ezimbili zinezinzuzo nobubi bokusebenzisa. Uma uqhathanisa lo mklamo ngamamodeli aphelelwe yisikhathi esedlule, anezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu.

Ezinhlelweni zalolu hlobo lomklamo, ochwepheshe zifaka okulandelayo:

• Isitebhisi samahora amabili esinesiza sokuguqula sisindisa isikhala samahhala, esisebenza ikakhulukazi amakamelo amancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uguqule imashi ngama-engeli ahlukene (i-angle eqondile isetshenziswa kaningi).

• Ngenxa ye-angle ehlukile yendawo yemishini, ukuthambekela kwezitebhisi kungancishiswa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhamba phakathi kwezitezi kuzoba lula kakhulu futhi kuphephe kakhulu. Sincoma ukwenqaba emindenini enezingane ezincane.

• Lo mklamo uqukethe izitebhisi ezimbili, ezingase zihlanganiswe ngezindlela ezihlukile naku-angle efanelekile (kuya ngezici zezakhiwo nezidingo zokuphepha).

Ububi be-Staircase yezinsuku ezimbili esitezi sesibili bungaba izibalo ezingalungile ekwakheni ifreyimu yohlaka, kanye nezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa namamodeli asayizi omncane. Kodwa-ke, akufanele ukhohlwe iqiniso elibaluleke kangako njengethuba lokwenza izitebhisi zezinsuku ezimbili ngezandla zazo (ngokusho kwephrojekthi ngayinye). Kulokhu, umkhiqizo ophelile uzohambelana nezifiso zabo bonke abahlali.

Lokhu kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yendlu yezwe uma ungafuni ukonga isikhala, ngaphandle kwalokho uzobe ulungele kakhulu amamodeli wesikulufa kusuka ngokhuni, insimbi nezinye izinto.

Design ukuphepha izidingo

Noma yiziphi izitebhisi kuqala kufanele ziphephe futhi kube lula ukusebenza. Ukufeza lokhu, kuyadingeka ukulandela izidingo eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza izakhiwo ezinjalo, ukwenza ukubalwa kokufunda ngosayizi wazo zonke izinto. Ngokuqalwa okuzimele kwezitebhisi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zinhlobonhlobo zingezinhlobo zayo, kuyadingeka ukuholwa yimibandela yezokuphepha ye-gost ne-snip.

Isihloko ngesihloko: I-Stair Railing kanye nezandla Handrails: Izinhlobo eziphambili, ukukhiqiza nokufakwa (+ 86 Izithombe)

Amapharamitha wokuphepha

Kusetshenziswa iphrojekthi yezitebhisi ezinenkundla yokudlala, ungakhohlwa ngokukhanya okuseqophelweni eliphezulu nokutholakala kokufinyelela kwamahhala eziteshini (kumele zibekwe ngaphakathi kwemashi eyodwa).

Kuyafaneleka ukunaka isitayela sobunye - umkhiqizo oqediwe kufanele uvumelane nokwakheka kanye ne-gamut yemibala yezakhiwo zokuhlala. Akufanele athathe isikhala esiningi futhi ahlanekezele izici zokusebenza kwazo zombili lezi zingamazinga.

Izinto zokwakha

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ukukhethwa kwezinhlaka zezitebhisi ezinezinwele ezinamahora amabili kukhawulelwe kwimikhiqizo yokhuni eyenziwe ngesampula elilodwa. Kuze kube manje, akukho ukukhethwa kwezinkinga zezinto zokwakha, ungenza uhlaka ngezandla zakho noma usebenzise izinsizakalo zochwepheshe.

Ngokwenziwa kwezitebhisi, cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokwakha zifanelekile:

• Izinhlobo ezahlukene izinkuni. Le ndlela ye-Classic isidingo esiqinile ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi, ukufakwa kalula nokuzilolonga. Ngokwakhiwa kwezitebhisi zokhuni, uPine akafanele ngenxa yokuthamba kwawo.

• I-Metal Base. Lolu uhlobo oluphelele noluhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yensimbi inempilo eshalofini efinyelela emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, ayilonakaliswa (njenge-aluminium) futhi ayikho oxidized (njengethusi nezinye izinsimbi).

• Izinyathelo zengilazi nokugaya. Inketho enhle kakhulu kunezitebhisi zesibuko enkabeni yegumbi lokuhlala, kunzima ukucabanga. Kodwa-ke, isixazululo esinjalo sinalo amaphutha amaningi: ingilazi ayikubekezeleli imithwalo emishini, ngisho nenhlanganisela enolaka ngokushesha ilahlekelwa ukubukeka kwayo kwasekuqaleni futhi idinga ukunakekelwa njalo.

• Itshe lemvelo. Izinyathelo ezenziwe ngeMarble zibukeka zingokwangempela kakhulu futhi ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo esiyingqayizivele, isikhathi eside, gcina ukubukeka kwawo kwasekuqaleni ngaphandle kokugqoka. Itshe futhi alisho futhi kulula ukuligcina.

Inketho yezimali ukwenziwa kwezitebhisi ezilinganiselwe ngokhuni. Ngezinyathelo kunconywa ukusebenzisa izikhala zensimbi ezenziwe ngensimbi, khona-ke ukwakheka kuzosebenzela umndeni wakho iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili.

Uma sikhuluma ngokulungiswa okukhulu kwefulethi enamathafa amabili elenziwe ngesitayela sanamuhla sobuchwepheshe obuphakeme, sincoma ukuthi unake izitebhisi ezivela engilazini. Kufanele ikhethwe noma kuhlaselwe). Kepha qaphela lapho ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo kwalokhu kusebenza bese uzama ukunciphisa inani lezinto zokuhlobisa esizeni ukunciphisa imithwalo yemishini.

Noma ngabe yini uhlobo lwesitebhisi, ukufakwa kwazo zonke izinto zokuklama kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngemithetho yezokuphepha kwizinga le-Classical. Endabeni yamapharamitha okungewona ajwayelekile, ukuvulwa kwesayithi kungcono ukuhambisa ochwepheshe, noma ngabe kuzokubiza okubiza kakhulu.

Bala inani elidingekayo lezinto zokwakha ongazisebenzisa ngokubala okukhethekile online. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi wonge imali nesikhathi esigabeni sokuqala somsebenzi.

Ungayenza kanjani izitebhisi ezinenkundla yokudlala [Ukufundiswa]

Ukwakhiwa kwezitebhisi zokhuni ezinamamashi amabili akudingi ulwazi olukhethekile namakhono emkhakheni wezokwakha. Uma efisa, ngisho nenkosi yokuqala izokwazi ukufeza umsebenzi onjalo.

Into esemqoka ukubheka ngokuqinile inqubo yokubala nokuhlela:

1. Ngokusho kwe-SNIP (Izigaba 2.08.01-85), inani lezinyathelo zomashi owodwa akufanele lidlule neshumi nesishiyagalombili. Le mali ihlukaniswe izitebhisi ezimbili, okuholela ekwakhiweni okunengxenyekazi ephakathi (ububanzi bawo ngokwesilinganiso kungamasentimitha angama-80).

2. Okulandelayo, uzodinga izinyathelo zosayizi ojwayelekile, zingathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sokwakha, kanye nezinto ezingeziwe, ezinjenge-railing, izibambo zokuhlobisa noma iziphambeko.

3. Ngemuva kokuthi usunqumile ngamapharamitha ayisisekelo wazo zonke izingxenye, kuyadingeka ukwenza iphrojekthi egcwele ngokugcwele, kucatshangelwe indawo kanye nokwakhiwa kwendawo ekuqanjweni noma ngobude.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Unganquma kanjani i-angle yokuthambekela kwemashi yokubala [uhlelo lokubala]

Ukukhokha

Ungbala inani lezitebhisi esitezi sesibili ngefomula elula: Hlukanisa nokuphakama kwesitebhisi ekuphakameni kwengozi - uma kutholwa inombolo ye-Fractional, bese uzungeza umphumela nge-iqonde enkulu. Njengokuzilolonga kukhombisa ububanzi obufanele bezinyathelo busuka kumasentimitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-40, ngokuya ngobukhulu obunciphayo. Isibonelo sokubala kuboniswa ngezansi. Isibikezeli se-Euro 2020 https: //bcgoveverla.if.ua/category/stavki-na-euro-2020/.

Ngomklamo olandelayo wezitebhisi, lezi zinto ezilandelayo zalolu hlobo lomsebenzi kufanele zibhekwe ukugwema izinkinga esigabeni sokufaka:

• Ububanzi obuncane bomkhiqizo obuqediwe kumele okungenani bube ngamasentimitha angama-80 (kungenzeka ukuphambuka ohlangothini olukhulu ngamasentimitha angama-20-30, kucatshangelwa amapharamitha egumbi).

• Lapho uhlela isitebhisi sokhuni ngeplatifomu ephakathi, sibala ibanga (elizohlala kulo mklamo) ngokuvundlile. Uma iphrojekthi ithatha ubukhona bokuphenduka, khona-ke ukubalwa kuyinkimbinkimbi.

• UKoSUR kanye nomfundisi babekwa endaweni ngokuya ngezidingo ezisunguliwe.

• Ngemuva kwemifafashini noma umbhoshongo usuqediwe, kufanele aphathwe nge-emery paper futhi avikeleke izimpikiswano.

• Esigabeni sokugcina somsebenzi, ukufakwa kwezinyathelo kwenziwa, kanye nekhompiyutha yeBalaasine nezitimela kuya esisekelweni sesakhiwo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinkuni zikhonze kahle ukupenda noma ukudweba (ukuze ukwazi ukuklama umthunzi oyifunayo).

Uma izinga lophahla esitezi sokuqala litholakala endaweni ephakeme ngo-2700 mm kusuka phansi, futhi ubukhulu bokugqagqana phakathi kwezitezi bungama-300 mm, khona-ke ukuphakama okuphelele kwezitebhisi kuzoba ngu-3000 mm.

Izitebhisi zephrojekthi ezijwayelekile zokuvula i-3000x2700 mm

Kuvidiyo: Indlela elula yokubala izitebhisi.

Izinto zokwakha namadivayisi

Yenza izitebhisi ezandleni zakho zibe lula esihlahleni, i-oak ilungele kakhulu futhi imelana ne-abrasion. Ukuqina okuphezulu kuhluke nemikhiqizo evela ku-beech noma i-larch. UPine uvame ukusetshenziselwa ekwakhiweni kwe-stepladder noma izitebhisi ze-attic zokwakheka kwakudala ngenxa yokuthamba nokhuni.

Ukukhetha okuqukethwe, zama ukubala zonke izinto zokuklama ngaphambi kwesikhathi esenziwe ngokhuni. Ngokwenziwa kwezitebhisi zeminyaka emibili ngeplatifomu ephakathi, uzodinga:

• Izinyathelo - Izicucu ezingama-20;
• ama-risers - izicucu ezingama-22;
• Kubuya noma ama-koosers - izingcezu ezi-4;
• Ama-balasins - eyodwa kuya kwesinyathelo;
• izimbotshana;
• amakhona futhi aphenduka isandla;
• ukwesekwa kwensika;
• Amabhodi ekwakhiweni kwepulatifomu evundlile.

Ekugcineni, ubude bezandla bukhona kumele bulinganiswe nobude bemashi amabili. Uma uhlela ukwenza i-handrail eceleni kodonga, khona-ke amapharamitha awo ayaphindwa kabili. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukubiwa kwezitebhisi ukuze kube lula nokuphepha kwabahlali.

Ngaphezu kwezinto zokwenziwa ezibalwe ngenhla (imininingwane yokuqamba), ungadinga ama-fasteners ahlukahlukene, i-glue yokwakha, ukuhlanganiswa okungeziwe nokutholwayo kukho. Ukuze uhlanganise kahle izitebhisi, yenza uphawu lwesampula kusengaphambili ngezinyathelo ezisezimpahleni. Ezimweni eziningi, izifanekiso ezijwayelekile zisetshenziselwa lokhu, ezethulwa ekufinyeleleni okuvulekile.

Izinhlobo zemiklamo

Izitebhisi ezimashe zihlukaniswe imihlangano emikhakheni emibili: iqonde kanye ne-swivel. Owokuqala ulungele ngokuphelele izakhiwo ezibanzi, njengoba benokwakha okulula kokuklama, kepha bathathe isikhala esiningi. I-Rotary Compact ethe xaxa, yangaphandle, ayafana namamodeli wesikulufa athandwayo. Le inketho engcono kakhulu yamakamelo amancane. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo iqukethe imashi emibili yezinyathelo ezi-3-16 neplatifomu eyodwa ephakathi. Uma kunezinyathelo ezingaphezu kwezingu-15, ukukhuphuka akunakubizwa ngokuthi kuphephile futhi kukhululekile.

Futhi, ama-swivel nezitebhisi eziqondile zingaba nezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokwakhiwa zihlukanisa:

• Vula. Izinyathelo azinazo izikhuphuli, ama-lumens asale aqhamuka phakathi.

Isihloko ngesihloko: Izitebhisi zezimpahla: Izici zokwakhiwa komklamo (ukuqinisa nokufakwa komfundisi)

• Kuvaliwe. Kuqukethe izithulu eziyizithulu, okwandisa ukuphepha kokunyakaza, kepha kunciphisa ukukhawulelwa kokunamathelayo nokwakha umphumela wokwakheka kwangoMashi.

Kunenqwaba yenani elikhulu lezitebhisi ezimasha. Ekuqondisweni kokunyakaza, bangalunga (baphenduke isikhathi), kwesokunxele (okuvikelekile). Lapho ukhetha ukwakheka okuthile, kufanelekile ukucubungula izici zendawo kanye nokutholakala kwesikhala samahhala egumbini.

Khumbula ukuthi i-angle encane yokujikeleza, lapho indawo izothatha khona izitebhisi bese ilula kakhulu ukuyizungeza.

I-angle yokujikeleza

Ngokuya nge-angle yokuthambekela kweminyaka, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezitebhisi ziyahlukaniswa:

• Izitebhisi ezinethuba lama-90 degrees. Ibizwa nangokuthi ubude benziwe nge-l Amamodeli anjalo abukeka ebabazekayo emagcekeni abanzi, futhi ahluke futhi kube lula ukusetshenziswa kanye nokulula kokufakwa.

• Izitebhisi ngokujikeleza kwama-degree angama-180. Noma i-p-enziwe ngeplatifomu ephakathi nendawo. Itholakala kangcono enkabeni, ezovumela ukusebenzisa le nto yezangaphakathi ekuboneni izakhiwo.

Kuvidiyo: amaphutha we-ladder design endlini yokhuni.

Ukufaka

Ukwenziwa kwezitebhisi ezenzeka kudla isikhathi nesikhathi eside. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukulungiswa kwezinto zokwakha, ukulungiswa kwephrojekthi kanye nokufakwa kwesakhiwo kushiya i-One kuya kwamabili. Abakhi abanolwazi batusa ukuqala ukwakhiwa kwezitebhisi esakhiweni sendlu yezwe. Ngakho-ke ungabheka kuqala indawo, okuyinkinga enkulu ukuyenza egumbini eliqediwe.

Umhlangano Nemiyalo Yokufaka Izitebhisi ezilula:

1. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa i-kosoury, khona-ke kuvela kubo futhi kufanelekile ukuqala ukufakwa kwezitebhisi. Ngqo izikhala ezimbili futhi wenze uphawu ngesikwele, bese usika "amazinyo" nge-electroll bison.

2. Ingxenye eyodwa yohlaka inamathiselwe odongeni isebenzisa ama-anchor bolts, kanti okwesibili kuxhunywe eposini elikhethekile elilungiselelwe phansi. Beka indawo nezinyathelo ezifakiwe kuma-boosters - kwalokhu, kusetshenziswa izikulufo ezijwayelekile zokushaya. Inkundla yokudlala ifakwa phakathi kwamantombazane aqediwe.

3. Ukusondela emaphethelweni wezinyathelo kunezindawo lapho izinsika ezilungiselelwe kanye nezinsika zokusekela zizofakwa. Kwenziwa izimbobo, ezizogcwaliswa nge-glue (kulezi zimbobo usayizi ofanele we-dummy ufakiwe).

4. Esisekelweni se-Balusin nasezinsikeni, kwenziwa izimbobo ezihambisanayo, ezigcwele ne-glue, ngemuva kwalokho izixhaso zezandla zitshalwe emachwebeni ngezinyathelo. Ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwezitebhisi zeposi, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa okuningi kakhulu ukudala isisekelo esiqinile.

5. Isinyathelo sokugcina siba ukuqinisa isandla. Kusukela ohlangothini olungezansi, lezi zinto zincibilika emithonjeni efanelekile, bese zitshalwa kumabhasini nasezinsikeni zereferensi. Ihlolwe yikho konke ngokuya ngezinga futhi, uma kungekho amaphutha, ngaphezu kwalokho ababahluzi bahlelwe ku-handrail ngezikulufo ezimnene.

Izitebhisi ezivela kumamashi amabili zingaba nezimo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ukukhetha umklamo owodwa noma kwenye, kuyadingeka ukutadisha izici zokufakwa kwayo kusengaphambili. Ungakhohlwa ngobunye be-stylistic of the gumbi - umkhiqizo oqediwe akufanele ungqongqoze ngaphandle kwesizinda esivamile. Inketho enhle ukukhethwa kwezinkuni ngaphansi kokuqukethwe kwezindonga, kanye nomehluko wendawo yokuhlalisa izitebhisi esigabeni sokuhlela sokulungisa.

Ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho nemikhandlu, ngenxa yalokho, uzoba nenhlanganisela ephelele yokusebenziseka, ukuphepha nobuhle. Futhi akudingeki usebenzise imali ngoku-oda izitebhisi zokhuni ezivela ezinkampanini ezingaveziwe.

Ukubutha izitebhisi ezinsuku ezimbili ekukhuleni ngezandla zakho (ividiyo engu-2)

Ukuhlukahluka okuhlukile kwamahora amabili nezitebhisi (izithombe ezingama-56)